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Delivery of Polyphenols in Gum as an Anti-Caries Agent

NCT ID: NCT05133557

Last Updated: 2021-11-24

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

50 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2012-10-01

Study Completion Date

2015-11-30

Brief Summary

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The short-term effects of chewing gum containing xylitol and/or blackberry extract on oral microbiota was studied. Fifty healthy adults participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over design study.

Detailed Description

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The short-term effects of chewing gum containing xylitol and/or blackberry extract on oral microbiota was studied. Fifty healthy adults participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over design study. One group chewed 1 piece of xylitol-containing chewing gum 4 times/day and the other chewed 1 piece of BBE+xylitol-containing gum 4 times/day. All wore a custom stent with a sterile enamel chip luted to the facial surface during the 1-day experiment. Unstimulated saliva was collected at 8 am and 4 pm, and enamel chips were harvested at 4 pm. A week later participants chewed gum from the other group. The bacterial composition in saliva and on the enamel chips were assessed using real-time PCR.

Conditions

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Dental Caries

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

This study was a randomized, crossover-washout design.
Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

TRIPLE

Participants Caregivers Investigators
Each volunteer was allocated xylitol-containing placebo gum or xylitol-containing BBE gum according to a predetermined randomization scheme. To ensure investigator blinding, test products were dispensed through other staff members who kept the assignment codes in sealed envelopes. Randomization resulted in half the participants receiving placebo gum (2 gram; 1 gram xylitol) first, and half receiving first the BBE gum (2 gram; 1 gram xylitol and 100 mg BBE) that were identical in size, shape, color and flavor.

Study Groups

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Placebo

Half the participants receiving placebo gum (2 gram; 1 gram xylitol) first,

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Chewing gum containing xylitol and blackberry extract (BBE)

Intervention Type OTHER

On the day of gum chewing, four pieces of gum were provided per the assigned group, and each volunteer was requested to chew the gum four times daily (i.e., at 9 am, 11 am, 1 pm and 3 pm). Each gum chewing interval was for 20 minutes.

BBE gum

Half receiving first the BBE gum (2 gram; 1 gram xylitol and 100 mg BBE) that were identical in size, shape, color and flavor. After 1 week the groups cross-over and chewed the other gum.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Chewing gum containing xylitol and blackberry extract (BBE)

Intervention Type OTHER

On the day of gum chewing, four pieces of gum were provided per the assigned group, and each volunteer was requested to chew the gum four times daily (i.e., at 9 am, 11 am, 1 pm and 3 pm). Each gum chewing interval was for 20 minutes.

Interventions

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Chewing gum containing xylitol and blackberry extract (BBE)

On the day of gum chewing, four pieces of gum were provided per the assigned group, and each volunteer was requested to chew the gum four times daily (i.e., at 9 am, 11 am, 1 pm and 3 pm). Each gum chewing interval was for 20 minutes.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* systemically healthy, had 20 or more natural erupted teeth, and had gingivitis (bleeding on probing \[BOP\] in more than 15% of sites, less than 25% sites with \> 4 mm probing pocket depths (PPD), and less than 5% sites with 5 mm depth PPD, who were a non-smoker, willing to participate, and verbally understood and signed an informed consent prior to enrollment

Exclusion Criteria

* unable or unwilling to provide informed consent or follow study protocol, current smoker, systemic condition including diabetes mellitus, liver disease, kidney disease, autoimmune disease, and any cardiovascular condition that would require premedication prior to dental treatment, use of systemic antibiotics within three months of study entry, use of over the counter or prescription medications known to have anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressant activities (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (\>14 day use in past 3 months), steroids, vitamin supplements, statin drugs, topical chlorhexidine on a daily basis, pregnancy as diagnosed by administered of a pregnancy test, cancer or cancer therapy within the last year, immunosuppression (e.g., organ transplant), orthodontic therapy (current or within the last 6 months), inability to communicate verbally or in writing, clinically detectable oral mucosal inflammatory condition (e.g., aphthous, lichen planus, leukoplakia, oral cancer), or febrile illness, persistent cough or current infectious condition (e.g., influenza, hepatitis), or any PPD of 6 mm or greater at the time of the baseline periodontal examination.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

Craig Miller

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Craig Miller

Professor

Responsibility Role SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Craig S Miller, DMD, MS

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Kentucky

References

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Cavanagh HM, Hipwell M, Wilkinson JM. Antibacterial activity of berry fruits used for culinary purposes. J Med Food. 2003 Spring;6(1):57-61. doi: 10.1089/109662003765184750.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12804021 (View on PubMed)

Danaher RJ, Wang C, Dai J, Mumper RJ, Miller CS. Antiviral effects of blackberry extract against herpes simplex virus type 1. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2011 Sep;112(3):e31-5. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.04.007.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21827957 (View on PubMed)

Dai J, Patel JD, Mumper RJ. Characterization of blackberry extract and its antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties. J Med Food. 2007 Jun;10(2):258-65. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2006.238.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17651061 (View on PubMed)

Takeuchi K, Asakawa M, Hashiba T, Takeshita T, Saeki Y, Yamashita Y. Effects of xylitol-containing chewing gum on the oral microbiota. J Oral Sci. 2018 Dec 27;60(4):588-594. doi: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0446. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30429438 (View on PubMed)

Related Links

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https://ukhealthcare.uky.edu/doctors/craig-miller

UK Healthcare website

Other Identifiers

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R42DE018839

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

12-0704-F6A

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id