Muscular Endurance And Its Association With Neck Pain, Disability, Neck Awareness, And Kinesiophobia
NCT ID: NCT05121467
Last Updated: 2021-11-30
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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COMPLETED
36 participants
OBSERVATIONAL
2019-07-01
2020-07-01
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Cervical muscles have a large number of sensory receptors responsible for vestibular, visual, and postural control by the deep suboccipital muscles with dense muscle spindles. They are responsible for the stabilization of the head, neck, and the thoracic region against involuntary perturbation by maintaining the continuity of the posture; they ensure the mobility of neck and upper limbs, and contribute neck awareness and postural reflexes. Intense proprioceptive receptors of deep cervical muscles support the motor control of the trunk muscles, mutually trunk muscles contribute to stabilization of the head and neck; and through the thoracolumbar fascia they work in coordination with scapular muscles. It has been known that any involvement of cervical, trunk, and scapular region muscles, as a whole, contribute to the etiology of the neck pain in patients due to their strong anatomical relations. In addition, the contribution of the upper extremity muscles in the stabilization of the cervical spine and the triggering of neck pain during upper extremity movements also reveal the importance of the motor control of upper extremity muscles in these patients.
Endurance of the cervical muscles has been known to have more responsibility on the spinal stabilization than strength in patients with chronic neck pain, causing an increase in pain with the decrease in endurance. In cervical disc herniation, the pathology in the cervical region causing the malalignment of the spine not only deteriorate the strength and endurance of the neck muscles, but it also affects other muscles around the spine. Further, proprioceptive receptors in the cervical muscles lose the ability to detect changes in muscle tension due to the reduced endurance, which in turn affect neck awareness. On the other hand, since chronic pain is closely related to cognitive and behavioral factors, pain worsens as a result of activity avoidance according to the fear-avoidance model, hence the kinesiophobia also increases by the decrease in cervical muscle endurance in chronic neck pain.
Recent studies revealed the connection between the endurance of neck muscles and pain, neck awareness, and fear of movement in patients with cervical disc herniation in literature. However, the evidence related to the relation between scapular, upper extremities, and trunk muscles' endurance and neck pain, neck awareness, and fear of movement has still been lacking. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the endurance of these muscles and neck pain, neck awareness, and kinesiophobia in patients with cervical disc herniation.
Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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CASE_ONLY
PROSPECTIVE
Study Groups
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Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation
Endurance tests were performed for 9 muscles/muscle groups in the cervical and scapular regions, upper limb, and trunk Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) Fremantle Neck Awareness Questionnaire (FreNAQ) Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK)
Pain Assessment
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were included in the study
Assessment of Muscular Endurance
The endurance of the 9 muscles/muscle groups including cervical flexor, extensor, deep flexor muscles, trunk flexor, extensor, lateral flexor, and stabilizer muscles, upper extremity, and scapular muscles (mm. serratus anterior and trapezius) were evaluated based on the assessment instructions given in the studies of Edmonston et al., Grimmer et al., Evans et al., Reece et al., ACSM guideline
Assessment of Neck Awareness
The Turkish version of the Fremantle Neck Awareness Questionnaire (FreNAQ) which was developed by Wand et al. to assess neck awareness in patients with chronic neck pain was used in this study
Assessment of Fear of Movement
The fear of movement was assessed by the Turkish version of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia which originally developed by Kori et al.
Interventions
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Pain Assessment
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were included in the study
Assessment of Muscular Endurance
The endurance of the 9 muscles/muscle groups including cervical flexor, extensor, deep flexor muscles, trunk flexor, extensor, lateral flexor, and stabilizer muscles, upper extremity, and scapular muscles (mm. serratus anterior and trapezius) were evaluated based on the assessment instructions given in the studies of Edmonston et al., Grimmer et al., Evans et al., Reece et al., ACSM guideline
Assessment of Neck Awareness
The Turkish version of the Fremantle Neck Awareness Questionnaire (FreNAQ) which was developed by Wand et al. to assess neck awareness in patients with chronic neck pain was used in this study
Assessment of Fear of Movement
The fear of movement was assessed by the Turkish version of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia which originally developed by Kori et al.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
2. Having neck pain at rest for 3 months or more with a severity of 2 or above according to the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
3. Having a score of 5 or more from the NDI
4. Being able to comply with the instructions of the physiotherapist
Exclusion Criteria
2. Who underwent cervical or upper extremity surgery in the previous 6 months were excluded from the study.
18 Years
65 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Hacettepe University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Tuğba DERE
Physiotherapist
Principal Investigators
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İpek A GÜRBÜZ, Ass. Prof.
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Locations
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Tuğba
Ankara, , Turkey (Türkiye)
Countries
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References
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Provided Documents
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Document Type: Study Protocol
Other Identifiers
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200415001
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id