Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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UNKNOWN
NA
132 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2021-10-01
2022-02-28
Brief Summary
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as an alternative to general anesthesia low cost innovative materials such as SDF are promising for low income countries such as Pakistan for reducing the burden of dental caries.
SDF may positively transform prevntive and clinical pediatric dental practices and services in Pakistan.
FDA approves 38% SDF for arresting caries in vulnerable populations.
Detailed Description
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The lesions of control group glass ionomer restoration group will be treated according to following clinical protocol: (A) Isolation of treatment area using cotton rolls and saliva ejectors; (B) Carious lesion excavation using high speed handpiece; (C) High viscosity glass ionomer cement mixed following manufacturer's instructions; (D) Cavity will be slightly overfilled using a flat plastic instrument, the occlusal surface will be protected with Vaseline and gloved finger will be used to apply slight pressure for 30s. Postoperative instructions will be clearly explained to each patient caregiver. In Hall technique, correct size preformed metal crown will be selected and shall be placed without caries excavation. The crown will be filled with glass ionomer cement and seated with finger pressure. Local anesthesia was not used finger pressure was maintained on the crown until the glass ionomer cement was set.
Primary outcome was caries-arresting potential of all three treatment groups. Recall examination was performed at 6 and 12 months. At each recall, ICDAS scores were compared to initial values of teeth. Treatment was classified as success when caries on teeth was classified as inactive based on lower ICDAS score compared to initial scores. Treatment was considered a failure if lesion had progressed to higher score at review examination. Presence of spontaneous pain, sensitivity to percussion and periapical swelling was also considered a failure. Visual and tactile examination was also done to check if the lesion was hard on gentle probing. Secondary outcome was parental aesthetic perception. Factors such as child anxiety, treatment time, adverse events like gingival irritation, burning of mucosa and bad taste, were all taken into account.
A facial image scale was shown to participants before treatment and immediately after treatment to determine the level of child's anxiety with each treatment. Child patient was asked to select from series of facial expressions (very happy, happy, neutral, unhappy, and very unhappy), the face that best expressed their feeling at that point in time. Time required for each treatment group was calculated using a digital timer. Possible adverse events of each treatment were recorded. Any complaint of sensitivity, gingival irritation, tattoo formation, burning, unpleasant taste, silver allergy and nausea was registered immediately. To assess parental aesthetic perception, they were asked questions like if they were displeased by the appearance of their child, or if the child avoided smiling.
Conditions
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Study Design
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NON_RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
Possible adverse events of each treatment shall be recorded by registering any complaint of sensitivity, gingival irritation, tattoo formation, burning, unpleasant taste, silver allergy and nausea. To assess parental aesthetic perception, a questionnaire will be presented that specifically asks if they were annoyed by the appearance of their child, or the child avoided smiling.
PREVENTION
NONE
Study Groups
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Silver Diamine Fluoride
In the experimental group, 44 children will be provided with SDF application, after gross debris removal to allow better contact of SDF. The entire dentition will be treated with sodium chloride fluoride varnish to prevent caries.
SDF Application for caries arrest
Intervention will be performed by trained consultants following the recommended protocol for SDF application: (A) Gross debris will be removed from cavity to allow better contact with SDF; (B) Protective coating of petroleum jelly will be applied to surrounding facial skin and lips to prevent chances of temporary tattoo formation; (C) Area to be treated shall be isolated using cotton rolls and saliva ejectors to prevent gingival irritation; (D) Extra caution will be exercised when applying SDF on primary teeth adjacent to permanent teeth to avoid inadvertent black staining; (E) One drop will be used used for the whole appointment. Bent micro-brush is to be used for application time of 1 min is to be used to reduce systemic absorption; (F) Compressed air shall be applied with gentle flow for up to 3 minutes. Entire dentition will be treated with sodium fluoride varnish to prevent caries
Glass Ionomer Restoration
In placebo control group n= 44 participants will be enrolled. High viscosity glass ionomer restoration will be placed after complete caries excavation using high-speed handpiece and air/water coolant. Patient will be dispensed with clear postoperative instructions.
Glass ionomer restoration
The lesions of control group glass ionomer restoration group will be treated according to following clinical protocol: (A) Isolation of treatment area using cotton rolls and saliva ejectors; (B) Carious lesion excavation using high speed handpiece; (C) High viscosity glass ionomer cement mixed following manufacturer's instructions; (D) Cavity will be slightly overfilled using a flat plastic instrument, the occlusal surface will be protected with Vaseline and gloved finger will be used to apply slight pressure for 30s. Postoperative instructions will be clearly explained to each patient caregiver.
Hall Technique
In active comparator group, n= 44 study participants will be enrolled. Pre-formed metal crowns will be selected according to the tooth size and filled with low viscosity glass ionomer cement and seated using digital/ finger pressure.
Hall technique
In Hall technique, correct size preformed metal crown will be selected and shall be placed without caries excavation. The crown will be filled with glass ionomer cement and seated with finger pressure. Local anesthesia was not used finger pressure was maintained on the crown until the glass ionomer cement was set.
Interventions
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SDF Application for caries arrest
Intervention will be performed by trained consultants following the recommended protocol for SDF application: (A) Gross debris will be removed from cavity to allow better contact with SDF; (B) Protective coating of petroleum jelly will be applied to surrounding facial skin and lips to prevent chances of temporary tattoo formation; (C) Area to be treated shall be isolated using cotton rolls and saliva ejectors to prevent gingival irritation; (D) Extra caution will be exercised when applying SDF on primary teeth adjacent to permanent teeth to avoid inadvertent black staining; (E) One drop will be used used for the whole appointment. Bent micro-brush is to be used for application time of 1 min is to be used to reduce systemic absorption; (F) Compressed air shall be applied with gentle flow for up to 3 minutes. Entire dentition will be treated with sodium fluoride varnish to prevent caries
Glass ionomer restoration
The lesions of control group glass ionomer restoration group will be treated according to following clinical protocol: (A) Isolation of treatment area using cotton rolls and saliva ejectors; (B) Carious lesion excavation using high speed handpiece; (C) High viscosity glass ionomer cement mixed following manufacturer's instructions; (D) Cavity will be slightly overfilled using a flat plastic instrument, the occlusal surface will be protected with Vaseline and gloved finger will be used to apply slight pressure for 30s. Postoperative instructions will be clearly explained to each patient caregiver.
Hall technique
In Hall technique, correct size preformed metal crown will be selected and shall be placed without caries excavation. The crown will be filled with glass ionomer cement and seated with finger pressure. Local anesthesia was not used finger pressure was maintained on the crown until the glass ionomer cement was set.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Age range between 5 to 10 years old.
* Both deciduous maxillary and mandibular untreated teeth.
* Carious teeth categorized as ICDAS code 4, 5 and 6 will be included.
* Active carious lesions on occlusal surface of primary molars
Exclusion Criteria
* Primary molar showing signs of irreversible pulpitis
* Patients diagnosed with periapical abscess
* Patients allergic to silver
* Medically compromised or patients with childhood impairment and disability.
* Hemophilic patients
* Epileptic patients
* Non-consenting patients for silver staining
4 Years
10 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Foundation University Islamabad
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Locations
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Foundation University Islamabad
Islamabad, Federal, Pakistan
Countries
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Central Contacts
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Facility Contacts
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Beenish Abbas, FCPS
Role: primary
Other Identifiers
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FUI/CTR/2021/7
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id