Trial Outcomes & Findings for Does Framing and Humor Improve the Effectiveness of Messages About COVID-19 Vaccine (NCT NCT05085613)
NCT ID: NCT05085613
Last Updated: 2023-08-21
Results Overview
Assessed by change in response to the question To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The FDA has only authorized COVID vaccines that are safe and effective; with response options on a continuous scale from 0 "I do not agree at all" to 100, "I completely agree."
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
100 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
Baseline and up to 5 minutes after receiving the corrective message
Results posted on
2023-08-21
Participant Flow
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Vaccine Corrective Control
A message that explains why people are hesitant to accept the FDA authorized COVID vaccines are safe and effective and how the vaccines are evaluated as safe and effective by FDA.
Corrective message framing and humor: The main content of the messages will be the same. Experimental conditions (arms 2-4) will additionally include consequent framing as a result of getting vaccinated (e.g. economic recovery for arm 2 and freedom for arm 3) and humor for arm 4. Participants will be randomized to view one of the four messages.
|
Vaccine Corrective With Economic Recovery Framing
The content of the control message with the addition of the text, "If everyone gets vaccinated, we can keep schools, stores, and other businesses open so more Americans can keep working and supporting their families." The message will also include a picture of an "open for business" sign.
Corrective message framing and humor: The main content of the messages will be the same. Experimental conditions (arms 2-4) will additionally include consequent framing as a result of getting vaccinated (e.g. economic recovery for arm 2 and freedom for arm 3) and humor for arm 4. Participants will be randomized to view one of the four messages.
|
Vaccine Corrective With Freedom Framing
The content of the control message with the addition of the text, "Everyone getting vaccinated is the key to freedom! A vaccine can give us the freedom to hang out with friends, shop, and worship together again safely." The message will also include a picture of an American flag.
Corrective message framing and humor: The main content of the messages will be the same. Experimental conditions (arms 2-4) will additionally include consequent framing as a result of getting vaccinated (e.g. economic recovery for arm 2 and freedom for arm 3) and humor for arm 4. Participants will be randomized to view one of the four messages.
|
Vaccine Corrective With Humor
The content of the control message with the addition of the text, "Unfortunately, everyone getting vaccinated means leaving the house again." The message will include a meme of a cat being pulled/rescued from a window with text boxes labeling the cat as "People at home working in sweatpants" and the rescuer as "COVID Vaccines."
Corrective message framing and humor: The main content of the messages will be the same. Experimental conditions (arms 2-4) will additionally include consequent framing as a result of getting vaccinated (e.g. economic recovery for arm 2 and freedom for arm 3) and humor for arm 4. Participants will be randomized to view one of the four messages.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
27
|
27
|
24
|
22
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
27
|
27
|
24
|
22
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
Does Framing and Humor Improve the Effectiveness of Messages About COVID-19 Vaccine
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Vaccine Corrective Control
n=27 Participants
A message that explains why people are hesitant to accept the FDA authorized COVID vaccines are safe and effective and how the vaccines are evaluated as safe and effective by FDA.
Corrective message framing and humor: The main content of the messages will be the same. Experimental conditions (arms 2-4) will additionally include consequent framing as a result of getting vaccinated (e.g. economic recovery for arm 2 and freedom for arm 3) and humor for arm 4. Participants will be randomized to view one of the four messages.
|
Vaccine Corrective With Economic Recovery Framing
n=27 Participants
The content of the control message with the addition of the text, "If everyone gets vaccinated, we can keep schools, stores, and other businesses open so more Americans can keep working and supporting their families." The message will also include a picture of an "open for business" sign.
Corrective message framing and humor: The main content of the messages will be the same. Experimental conditions (arms 2-4) will additionally include consequent framing as a result of getting vaccinated (e.g. economic recovery for arm 2 and freedom for arm 3) and humor for arm 4. Participants will be randomized to view one of the four messages.
|
Vaccine Corrective With Freedom Framing
n=24 Participants
The content of the control message with the addition of the text, "Everyone getting vaccinated is the key to freedom! A vaccine can give us the freedom to hang out with friends, shop, and worship together again safely." The message will also include a picture of an American flag.
Corrective message framing and humor: The main content of the messages will be the same. Experimental conditions (arms 2-4) will additionally include consequent framing as a result of getting vaccinated (e.g. economic recovery for arm 2 and freedom for arm 3) and humor for arm 4. Participants will be randomized to view one of the four messages.
|
Vaccine Corrective With Humor
n=22 Participants
The content of the control message with the addition of the text, "Unfortunately, everyone getting vaccinated means leaving the house again." The message will include a meme of a cat being pulled/rescued from a window with text boxes labeling the cat as "People at home working in sweatpants" and the rescuer as "COVID Vaccines."
Corrective message framing and humor: The main content of the messages will be the same. Experimental conditions (arms 2-4) will additionally include consequent framing as a result of getting vaccinated (e.g. economic recovery for arm 2 and freedom for arm 3) and humor for arm 4. Participants will be randomized to view one of the four messages.
|
Total
n=100 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Continuous
|
39 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.9 • n=5 Participants
|
41.4 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.9 • n=7 Participants
|
43.3 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.2 • n=5 Participants
|
40.8 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.7 • n=4 Participants
|
41.1 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.3 • n=21 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
15 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
10 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
9 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
42 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
19 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
12 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
14 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
13 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
58 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race/ethnicity · Non-Hispanic White
|
19 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
24 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
20 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
16 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
79 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race/ethnicity · Racial/ethnic minority
|
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
21 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Political affiliation
Conservative
|
11 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
18 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
16 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
13 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
58 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Political affiliation
Liberal
|
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
16 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Political affiliation
Moderate
|
13 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
26 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 5 minutes after receiving the corrective messageAssessed by change in response to the question To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The FDA has only authorized COVID vaccines that are safe and effective; with response options on a continuous scale from 0 "I do not agree at all" to 100, "I completely agree."
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Vaccine Corrective Control
n=27 Participants
A message that explains why people are hesitant to accept the FDA authorized COVID vaccines are safe and effective and how the vaccines are evaluated as safe and effective by FDA.
Corrective message framing and humor: The main content of the messages will be the same. Experimental conditions (arms 2-4) will additionally include consequent framing as a result of getting vaccinated (e.g. economic recovery for arm 2 and freedom for arm 3) and humor for arm 4. Participants will be randomized to view one of the four messages.
|
Vaccine Corrective With Economic Recovery Framing
n=27 Participants
The content of the control message with the addition of the text, "If everyone gets vaccinated, we can keep schools, stores, and other businesses open so more Americans can keep working and supporting their families." The message will also include a picture of an "open for business" sign.
Corrective message framing and humor: The main content of the messages will be the same. Experimental conditions (arms 2-4) will additionally include consequent framing as a result of getting vaccinated (e.g. economic recovery for arm 2 and freedom for arm 3) and humor for arm 4. Participants will be randomized to view one of the four messages.
|
Vaccine Corrective With Freedom Framing
n=24 Participants
The content of the control message with the addition of the text, "Everyone getting vaccinated is the key to freedom! A vaccine can give us the freedom to hang out with friends, shop, and worship together again safely." The message will also include a picture of an American flag.
Corrective message framing and humor: The main content of the messages will be the same. Experimental conditions (arms 2-4) will additionally include consequent framing as a result of getting vaccinated (e.g. economic recovery for arm 2 and freedom for arm 3) and humor for arm 4. Participants will be randomized to view one of the four messages.
|
Vaccine Corrective With Humor
n=22 Participants
The content of the control message with the addition of the text, "Unfortunately, everyone getting vaccinated means leaving the house again." The message will include a meme of a cat being pulled/rescued from a window with text boxes labeling the cat as "People at home working in sweatpants" and the rescuer as "COVID Vaccines."
Corrective message framing and humor: The main content of the messages will be the same. Experimental conditions (arms 2-4) will additionally include consequent framing as a result of getting vaccinated (e.g. economic recovery for arm 2 and freedom for arm 3) and humor for arm 4. Participants will be randomized to view one of the four messages.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Change in Accuracy of the Belief That FDA Authorized COVID-19 Vaccines Are Safe and Effective
|
20.1 score on a 0-100 scale
Standard Deviation 23.8
|
22.8 score on a 0-100 scale
Standard Deviation 24.0
|
24.2 score on a 0-100 scale
Standard Deviation 26.9
|
22.7 score on a 0-100 scale
Standard Deviation 24.1
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Up to 5 minutes after receiving the corrective messageAssessed by response to the question To what extent do you agree with the following: The FDA authorized flu vaccine is safe and effective.; with response options on a continuous scale from 0 "I do not agree at all" to 100, "I completely agree."
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Vaccine Corrective Control
n=27 Participants
A message that explains why people are hesitant to accept the FDA authorized COVID vaccines are safe and effective and how the vaccines are evaluated as safe and effective by FDA.
Corrective message framing and humor: The main content of the messages will be the same. Experimental conditions (arms 2-4) will additionally include consequent framing as a result of getting vaccinated (e.g. economic recovery for arm 2 and freedom for arm 3) and humor for arm 4. Participants will be randomized to view one of the four messages.
|
Vaccine Corrective With Economic Recovery Framing
n=27 Participants
The content of the control message with the addition of the text, "If everyone gets vaccinated, we can keep schools, stores, and other businesses open so more Americans can keep working and supporting their families." The message will also include a picture of an "open for business" sign.
Corrective message framing and humor: The main content of the messages will be the same. Experimental conditions (arms 2-4) will additionally include consequent framing as a result of getting vaccinated (e.g. economic recovery for arm 2 and freedom for arm 3) and humor for arm 4. Participants will be randomized to view one of the four messages.
|
Vaccine Corrective With Freedom Framing
n=24 Participants
The content of the control message with the addition of the text, "Everyone getting vaccinated is the key to freedom! A vaccine can give us the freedom to hang out with friends, shop, and worship together again safely." The message will also include a picture of an American flag.
Corrective message framing and humor: The main content of the messages will be the same. Experimental conditions (arms 2-4) will additionally include consequent framing as a result of getting vaccinated (e.g. economic recovery for arm 2 and freedom for arm 3) and humor for arm 4. Participants will be randomized to view one of the four messages.
|
Vaccine Corrective With Humor
n=22 Participants
The content of the control message with the addition of the text, "Unfortunately, everyone getting vaccinated means leaving the house again." The message will include a meme of a cat being pulled/rescued from a window with text boxes labeling the cat as "People at home working in sweatpants" and the rescuer as "COVID Vaccines."
Corrective message framing and humor: The main content of the messages will be the same. Experimental conditions (arms 2-4) will additionally include consequent framing as a result of getting vaccinated (e.g. economic recovery for arm 2 and freedom for arm 3) and humor for arm 4. Participants will be randomized to view one of the four messages.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Accuracy of Inferential Belief That the FDA Authorized Flu Vaccine is Safe and Effective
|
37.074074 score on a 0-100 scale
Standard Deviation 33.546668
|
44.666667 score on a 0-100 scale
Standard Deviation 31.619128
|
49.583333 score on a 0-100 scale
Standard Deviation 35.808569
|
50.954545 score on a 0-100 scale
Standard Deviation 35.18993
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Up to 5 minutes after receiving the corrective messageAssessed by response to the question, The FDA recommended more testing of ResVax and did NOT authorize the vaccine because it did not prevent enough RSV infections. To what extent do you agree with the following: ResVax is safe and effective; with response options on a continuous scale from 0 "I do not agree at all" to 100, "I completely agree."
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Vaccine Corrective Control
n=27 Participants
A message that explains why people are hesitant to accept the FDA authorized COVID vaccines are safe and effective and how the vaccines are evaluated as safe and effective by FDA.
Corrective message framing and humor: The main content of the messages will be the same. Experimental conditions (arms 2-4) will additionally include consequent framing as a result of getting vaccinated (e.g. economic recovery for arm 2 and freedom for arm 3) and humor for arm 4. Participants will be randomized to view one of the four messages.
|
Vaccine Corrective With Economic Recovery Framing
n=27 Participants
The content of the control message with the addition of the text, "If everyone gets vaccinated, we can keep schools, stores, and other businesses open so more Americans can keep working and supporting their families." The message will also include a picture of an "open for business" sign.
Corrective message framing and humor: The main content of the messages will be the same. Experimental conditions (arms 2-4) will additionally include consequent framing as a result of getting vaccinated (e.g. economic recovery for arm 2 and freedom for arm 3) and humor for arm 4. Participants will be randomized to view one of the four messages.
|
Vaccine Corrective With Freedom Framing
n=24 Participants
The content of the control message with the addition of the text, "Everyone getting vaccinated is the key to freedom! A vaccine can give us the freedom to hang out with friends, shop, and worship together again safely." The message will also include a picture of an American flag.
Corrective message framing and humor: The main content of the messages will be the same. Experimental conditions (arms 2-4) will additionally include consequent framing as a result of getting vaccinated (e.g. economic recovery for arm 2 and freedom for arm 3) and humor for arm 4. Participants will be randomized to view one of the four messages.
|
Vaccine Corrective With Humor
n=22 Participants
The content of the control message with the addition of the text, "Unfortunately, everyone getting vaccinated means leaving the house again." The message will include a meme of a cat being pulled/rescued from a window with text boxes labeling the cat as "People at home working in sweatpants" and the rescuer as "COVID Vaccines."
Corrective message framing and humor: The main content of the messages will be the same. Experimental conditions (arms 2-4) will additionally include consequent framing as a result of getting vaccinated (e.g. economic recovery for arm 2 and freedom for arm 3) and humor for arm 4. Participants will be randomized to view one of the four messages.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Accuracy of Inferential Belief That RexVax is Safe and Effective
|
14.923077 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 20.853629
|
14.24 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 23.502269
|
12.47619 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 17.28473
|
23.863636 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.782097
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 5 minutes after receiving the corrective messageAssessed by change in response to the statement: I plan on getting an FDA authorized coronavirus vaccine; with response options on a continuous scale from 0 "I do not agree at all" to 100, "I completely agree."
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Vaccine Corrective Control
n=27 Participants
A message that explains why people are hesitant to accept the FDA authorized COVID vaccines are safe and effective and how the vaccines are evaluated as safe and effective by FDA.
Corrective message framing and humor: The main content of the messages will be the same. Experimental conditions (arms 2-4) will additionally include consequent framing as a result of getting vaccinated (e.g. economic recovery for arm 2 and freedom for arm 3) and humor for arm 4. Participants will be randomized to view one of the four messages.
|
Vaccine Corrective With Economic Recovery Framing
n=27 Participants
The content of the control message with the addition of the text, "If everyone gets vaccinated, we can keep schools, stores, and other businesses open so more Americans can keep working and supporting their families." The message will also include a picture of an "open for business" sign.
Corrective message framing and humor: The main content of the messages will be the same. Experimental conditions (arms 2-4) will additionally include consequent framing as a result of getting vaccinated (e.g. economic recovery for arm 2 and freedom for arm 3) and humor for arm 4. Participants will be randomized to view one of the four messages.
|
Vaccine Corrective With Freedom Framing
n=24 Participants
The content of the control message with the addition of the text, "Everyone getting vaccinated is the key to freedom! A vaccine can give us the freedom to hang out with friends, shop, and worship together again safely." The message will also include a picture of an American flag.
Corrective message framing and humor: The main content of the messages will be the same. Experimental conditions (arms 2-4) will additionally include consequent framing as a result of getting vaccinated (e.g. economic recovery for arm 2 and freedom for arm 3) and humor for arm 4. Participants will be randomized to view one of the four messages.
|
Vaccine Corrective With Humor
n=22 Participants
The content of the control message with the addition of the text, "Unfortunately, everyone getting vaccinated means leaving the house again." The message will include a meme of a cat being pulled/rescued from a window with text boxes labeling the cat as "People at home working in sweatpants" and the rescuer as "COVID Vaccines."
Corrective message framing and humor: The main content of the messages will be the same. Experimental conditions (arms 2-4) will additionally include consequent framing as a result of getting vaccinated (e.g. economic recovery for arm 2 and freedom for arm 3) and humor for arm 4. Participants will be randomized to view one of the four messages.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Change in Intention to Get a COVID-19 Vaccine
|
15.925926 score on a 0-100 scale
Standard Deviation 24.935187
|
9.4814815 score on a 0-100 scale
Standard Deviation 16.032108
|
9.625 score on a 0-100 scale
Standard Deviation 21.906546
|
12.863636 score on a 0-100 scale
Standard Deviation 20.2797
|
Adverse Events
Vaccine Corrective Control
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Vaccine Corrective With Economic Recovery Framing
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Vaccine Corrective With Freedom Framing
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Vaccine Corrective With Humor
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Caitlin Weiger
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Phone: 301-712-8357
Email: [email protected]
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place