Pathogen Detection in HIV-infected Children With Non-malarial Febrile Illnesses Using Metagenomic Sequencing

NCT ID: NCT05085158

Last Updated: 2024-03-19

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Total Enrollment

138 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-01-01

Study Completion Date

2024-10-01

Brief Summary

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In Uganda, 130,000 children (0-14 years of age) were living with HIV in 2018. Last year, nearly 450 infants acquired HIV every day; most of them during childbirth and these are at extremely high risk of dying in the first two years of life from treatable infections which present with fever. While fevers are commonly attributed to malaria, most fevers in African children are not due to malaria and clinicians are challenged by the similar clinical features of wide spectrum of potential aetiologies. The prevalence of treatable causes of non-malarial febrile illnesses in children in Africa has been reported to be 45%.

Detailed Description

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Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for malaria have highlighted the decreasing proportion of malaria-attributable illness in endemic areas. Unfortunately, once malaria is excluded, there are few accessible diagnostic tools to guide the management of severe febrile illnesses in low-resource settings. RDTs for non-malarial tropical infections currently rely on detection of host antibodies against a single infectious agent yet their sensitivities and specificities are inherently limited. It should be noted that causes of non-malarial febrile illnesses (NMFIs) in HIV-infected children in Uganda remains scarce. There's minimal guidance on how to manage HIV-infected children with NMFIs. Thus, it is important that other causes of fever in African children be better characterized to facilitate optimization of diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms.

Considering these limitations, there is a pressing need for sensitive pathogen-detection-based approaches such as shotgun metagenomics sequencing (sMGS). Ultimately, in the near future, integration of whole-genome based approaches such as long-read sequencing technologies to tropical fevers is urgently needed to improve management of severe and treatable infections especially among the vulnerable groups such as HIV-infected children and adolescents presenting with NMFIs.

This project aims to utilise sMGS to characterize microbial pathogens in HIV-infected Ugandan children and adolescents admitted to Baylor College of Medicine Children's Foundation - Uganda with NMFIs and associated clinical presentations or comorbidities.

Conditions

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HIV Infection

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

COHORT

Study Time Perspective

CROSS_SECTIONAL

Study Groups

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Group 1

HIV-infected children with non-malarial febrile illnesses (NMFIs) less than 5 years old

No interventions assigned to this group

Group 2

HIV-infected children and adolescents with non-malarial febrile illnesses (NMFIs) but less than 15 years old

No interventions assigned to this group

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

Study population will include a total of 200 (100 who are \<5 years and 100 who are 6-to-14 years, including equal number of female and male study participants) HIV-infected Ugandan children and adolescents admitted with non-malarial febrile illnesses (NMFIs) to Baylor College of Medicine Children's Foundation - Uganda.

Exclusion Criteria

Critically ill patients will not be recruited.
Minimum Eligible Age

3 Months

Maximum Eligible Age

14 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP)

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role collaborator

Makerere University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Gerald Mboowa, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University

Locations

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Baylor College of Medicine Children's Foundation-Uganda

Mulago, , Uganda

Site Status

Countries

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Uganda

References

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Pokharel S, White LJ, Aguas R, Celhay O, Pelle KG, Dittrich S. Algorithm in the Diagnosis of Febrile Illness Using Pathogen-specific Rapid Diagnostic Tests. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 May 23;70(11):2262-2269. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz665.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31313805 (View on PubMed)

Ramesh A, Nakielny S, Hsu J, Kyohere M, Byaruhanga O, de Bourcy C, Egger R, Dimitrov B, Juan YF, Sheu J, Wang J, Kalantar K, Langelier C, Ruel T, Mpimbaza A, Wilson MR, Rosenthal PJ, DeRisi JL. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of samples from pediatric febrile illness in Tororo, Uganda. PLoS One. 2019 Jun 20;14(6):e0218318. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218318. eCollection 2019.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 31220115 (View on PubMed)

Maze MJ, Bassat Q, Feasey NA, Mandomando I, Musicha P, Crump JA. The epidemiology of febrile illness in sub-Saharan Africa: implications for diagnosis and management. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018 Aug;24(8):808-814. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.02.011. Epub 2018 Feb 15.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 29454844 (View on PubMed)

Decuypere S, Maltha J, Deborggraeve S, Rattray NJ, Issa G, Berenger K, Lompo P, Tahita MC, Ruspasinghe T, McConville M, Goodacre R, Tinto H, Jacobs J, Carapetis JR. Towards Improving Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Non-malaria Febrile Illness: A Metabolomics Approach. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016 Mar 4;10(3):e0004480. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004480. eCollection 2016 Mar.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 26943791 (View on PubMed)

Pondei, Kemebradikumo, Onyaye E. Kunle-Olowu, and Oliemen Peterside.

Reference Type RESULT

https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2019/december/uganda-treating-hiv-positive-children-speed-and-skill

Reference Type RESULT

Miller S, Naccache SN, Samayoa E, Messacar K, Arevalo S, Federman S, Stryke D, Pham E, Fung B, Bolosky WJ, Ingebrigtsen D, Lorizio W, Paff SM, Leake JA, Pesano R, DeBiasi R, Dominguez S, Chiu CY. Laboratory validation of a clinical metagenomic sequencing assay for pathogen detection in cerebrospinal fluid. Genome Res. 2019 May;29(5):831-842. doi: 10.1101/gr.238170.118. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 30992304 (View on PubMed)

Schlaberg R, Chiu CY, Miller S, Procop GW, Weinstock G; Professional Practice Committee and Committee on Laboratory Practices of the American Society for Microbiology; Microbiology Resource Committee of the College of American Pathologists. Validation of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Tests for Universal Pathogen Detection. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2017 Jun;141(6):776-786. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0539-RA. Epub 2017 Feb 7.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 28169558 (View on PubMed)

Moreira-Silva SF, Zandonade E, Frauches DO, Machado EA, Lopes LI, Duque LL, Querido PP, Miranda AE. Comorbidities in children and adolescents with AIDS acquired by HIV vertical transmission in Vitoria, Brazil. PLoS One. 2013 Dec 4;8(12):e82027. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082027. eCollection 2013.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 24324741 (View on PubMed)

Gu W, Miller S, Chiu CY. Clinical Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Pathogen Detection. Annu Rev Pathol. 2019 Jan 24;14:319-338. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012751. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 30355154 (View on PubMed)

Naccache SN, Federman S, Veeraraghavan N, Zaharia M, Lee D, Samayoa E, Bouquet J, Greninger AL, Luk KC, Enge B, Wadford DA, Messenger SL, Genrich GL, Pellegrino K, Grard G, Leroy E, Schneider BS, Fair JN, Martinez MA, Isa P, Crump JA, DeRisi JL, Sittler T, Hackett J Jr, Miller S, Chiu CY. A cloud-compatible bioinformatics pipeline for ultrarapid pathogen identification from next-generation sequencing of clinical samples. Genome Res. 2014 Jul;24(7):1180-92. doi: 10.1101/gr.171934.113. Epub 2014 Jun 4.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 24899342 (View on PubMed)

Kalantar KL, Carvalho T, de Bourcy CFA, Dimitrov B, Dingle G, Egger R, Han J, Holmes OB, Juan YF, King R, Kislyuk A, Lin MF, Mariano M, Morse T, Reynoso LV, Cruz DR, Sheu J, Tang J, Wang J, Zhang MA, Zhong E, Ahyong V, Lay S, Chea S, Bohl JA, Manning JE, Tato CM, DeRisi JL. IDseq-An open source cloud-based pipeline and analysis service for metagenomic pathogen detection and monitoring. Gigascience. 2020 Oct 15;9(10):giaa111. doi: 10.1093/gigascience/giaa111.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 33057676 (View on PubMed)

Gyarmati P, Kjellander C, Aust C, Song Y, Ohrmalm L, Giske CG. Metagenomic analysis of bloodstream infections in patients with acute leukemia and therapy-induced neutropenia. Sci Rep. 2016 Mar 21;6:23532. doi: 10.1038/srep23532.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 26996149 (View on PubMed)

Kwak J, Park J. What we can see from very small size sample of metagenomic sequences. BMC Bioinformatics. 2018 Nov 3;19(1):399. doi: 10.1186/s12859-018-2431-8.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 30390617 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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EDCTP - TMA2020CDF-3159

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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