Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on Alcohol and Tobacco Use in Two Chilean Universities

NCT ID: NCT05069090

Last Updated: 2021-10-14

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Total Enrollment

1038 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2020-06-03

Study Completion Date

2021-04-30

Brief Summary

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This is a longitudinal study of participants from two university communities in Chile. The primary objective is to examine the effect of a regional lockdown on alcohol and tobacco use, using a difference-in-difference analysis to obtain causal estimates of these COVID-19 policies.

Detailed Description

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The COVID-19 pandemic is spreading worldwide. Countries have adopted public health and social measures that, together with a direct effect of the pandemic, can affect alcohol and tobacco use. The most stringent measures are lockdowns and curfews that include statutory restrictions on people's mobility. Research to date has shown mixed effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns on alcohol and tobacco use. Importantly, previous studies have not been able to differentiate the effects of the pandemic itself with those from lockdown and curfew policies. They have also been restricted to countries in Europe, the United States, Australia and New Zealand.

The study will advance prior knowledge by providing evidence from a country in Latin America, one of the worst-hit regions worldwide. Latin America accounts for 8.4% of the global population, but 20.3% of the total SARS-COV2 cases and 30.2% of the COVID-19 deaths to date. In addition, the study will exploit the variation in lockdown policies in two regions in Chile to disentangle the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic with those from a lockdown.

The aim of the study is to examine the effect of a regional lockdown on alcohol use in two university populations in the Araucanía and Coquimbo regions in Chile. The investigators will use a difference-in-difference analysis to obtain causal estimates of these COVID-19 policies.

Conditions

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SARS-CoV-2 Infection COVID-19

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

COHORT

Study Time Perspective

PROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

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Students and academics Universidad La Frontera

The intervention consists of social distancing measures to curb the viral transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The Araucanía region was subject to lockdown in a different moment than the Coquimbo region, creating exogenous variation.

Lockdown and other social distancing measures

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

During the study period, the Chilean Ministry of Health established a five-step process for social distancing measures. These ranged from full lockdown (step 1) to almost no restrictions (step 5). Even under full lockdown, citizens were able to obtain permits for essential activities. Citizens had a maximum of two permits per week and were obtained in a virtual station of the Chilean Police Force (Carabineros de Chile).

Students and academics Universidad Católica del Norte

The intervention consists of social distancing measures to curb the viral transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The Coquimbo region was subject to lockdown in a different moment than the Araucanía region, creating exogenous variation.

Lockdown and other social distancing measures

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

During the study period, the Chilean Ministry of Health established a five-step process for social distancing measures. These ranged from full lockdown (step 1) to almost no restrictions (step 5). Even under full lockdown, citizens were able to obtain permits for essential activities. Citizens had a maximum of two permits per week and were obtained in a virtual station of the Chilean Police Force (Carabineros de Chile).

Interventions

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Lockdown and other social distancing measures

During the study period, the Chilean Ministry of Health established a five-step process for social distancing measures. These ranged from full lockdown (step 1) to almost no restrictions (step 5). Even under full lockdown, citizens were able to obtain permits for essential activities. Citizens had a maximum of two permits per week and were obtained in a virtual station of the Chilean Police Force (Carabineros de Chile).

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* People with study rights either at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels by July 27, 2020 at the Universidad de la Frontera or Universidad Católica del Norte; OR
* Workers with a full-time or part-time contract with either University, including academics, administrative and assistant personnel; AND
* Having an email registered in the Human Resource Office of each university

Exclusion Criteria

* People without valid study rights at either university
* People without a working contract with the university
* Not having an email registered at the Human Resource Office
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Universidad Católica del Norte

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Universidad de La Frontera

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Francisca Roman

Associate Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Francisca Román, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Universidad de La Frontera

Locations

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Universidad de la Frontera

Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile

Site Status

Universidad Católica del Norte

Coquimbo, , Chile

Site Status

Countries

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Chile

References

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Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 33089562 (View on PubMed)

Winkler P, Formanek T, Mlada K, Kagstrom A, Mohrova Z, Mohr P, Csemy L. Increase in prevalence of current mental disorders in the context of COVID-19: analysis of repeated nationwide cross-sectional surveys. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2020 Sep 29;29:e173. doi: 10.1017/S2045796020000888.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32988427 (View on PubMed)

Daly M, Robinson E. High-Risk Drinking in Midlife Before Versus During the COVID-19 Crisis: Longitudinal Evidence From the United Kingdom. Am J Prev Med. 2021 Feb;60(2):294-297. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.09.004. Epub 2020 Nov 21.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Niedzwiedz CL, Green MJ, Benzeval M, Campbell D, Craig P, Demou E, Leyland A, Pearce A, Thomson R, Whitley E, Katikireddi SV. Mental health and health behaviours before and during the initial phase of the COVID-19 lockdown: longitudinal analyses of the UK Household Longitudinal Study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2021 Mar;75(3):224-231. doi: 10.1136/jech-2020-215060. Epub 2020 Sep 25.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32978210 (View on PubMed)

Rossow I, Bye EK, Moan IS, Kilian C, Bramness JG. Changes in Alcohol Consumption during the COVID-19 Pandemic-Small Change in Total Consumption, but Increase in Proportion of Heavy Drinkers. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 16;18(8):4231. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18084231.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 33923567 (View on PubMed)

Vanderbruggen N, Matthys F, Van Laere S, Zeeuws D, Santermans L, Van den Ameele S, Crunelle CL. Self-Reported Alcohol, Tobacco, and Cannabis Use during COVID-19 Lockdown Measures: Results from a Web-Based Survey. Eur Addict Res. 2020;26(6):309-315. doi: 10.1159/000510822. Epub 2020 Sep 22.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32961535 (View on PubMed)

Nordeck CD, Riehm KE, Smail EJ, Holingue C, Kane JC, Johnson RM, Veldhuis CB, Kalb LG, Stuart EA, Kreuter F, Thrul J. Changes in drinking days among United States adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Addiction. 2022 Feb;117(2):331-340. doi: 10.1111/add.15622. Epub 2021 Jul 12.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 34159674 (View on PubMed)

Glowacz F, Schmits E. Psychological distress during the COVID-19 lockdown: The young adults most at risk. Psychiatry Res. 2020 Nov;293:113486. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113486. Epub 2020 Sep 25.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 33007682 (View on PubMed)

Callinan S, Smit K, Mojica-Perez Y, D'Aquino S, Moore D, Kuntsche E. Shifts in alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic: early indications from Australia. Addiction. 2021 Jun;116(6):1381-1388. doi: 10.1111/add.15275. Epub 2020 Oct 18.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 33006789 (View on PubMed)

Clare PJ, Aiken A, Yuen WS, Upton E, Kypri K, Degenhardt L, Bruno R, McCambridge J, McBride N, Hutchinson D, Slade T, Mattick R, Peacock A. Alcohol use among young Australian adults in May-June 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective cohort study. Addiction. 2021 Dec;116(12):3398-3407. doi: 10.1111/add.15599. Epub 2021 Jun 24.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 34105838 (View on PubMed)

Bartlett L, Brady JJR, Farrow M, Kim S, Bindoff A, Fair H, Vickers JC, Sinclair D. Change in modifiable dementia risk factors during COVID-19 lockdown: The experience of over 50s in Tasmania, Australia. Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2021 May 13;7(1):e12169. doi: 10.1002/trc2.12169. eCollection 2021.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 34027023 (View on PubMed)

Bar-Zeev Y, Shauly M, Lee H, Neumark Y. Changes in Smoking Behaviour and Home-Smoking Rules during the Initial COVID-19 Lockdown Period in Israel. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 17;18(4):1931. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18041931.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 33671203 (View on PubMed)

Bonadio WA, Carron AC, Nelson DB. Serum theophylline concentration in 82 consecutive asthmatic children receiving preadmission theophylline preparation. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1988 Jun;4(2):165. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 3380750 (View on PubMed)

Guignard R, Andler R, Quatremere G, Pasquereau A, du Roscoat E, Arwidson P, Berlin I, Nguyen-Thanh V. Changes in smoking and alcohol consumption during COVID-19-related lockdown: a cross-sectional study in France. Eur J Public Health. 2021 Oct 26;31(5):1076-1083. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab054.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 33826721 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Other Identifiers

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ANID - COVID0282

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id