Oral Care Frequency in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
NCT ID: NCT05039593
Last Updated: 2022-07-20
Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
98 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2021-07-05
2022-07-01
Brief Summary
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Chlorhexidine solution is widely used in oral care. However, there is a need for evidence about the frequency of oral care with which chlorhexidine solution on oral mucous membrane integrity in patients under mechanical ventilation support. Oral care frequency was not examined in these existing studies. Therefore, this study was planned to determine the effect of three different oral care frequencies on the integrity of the oral mucous membrane in patients connected to mechanical ventilators.
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Detailed Description
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Nurses need to have adequate oral intake to maintain the integrity of the oral mucosa, especially in patients who cannot be fed orally, with fluid restriction, administered nasogastric tube, mouth breathing, receiving oxygen therapy, undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery, undergoing radiation therapy, chemotherapy, in the terminal period, in coma, and in patients dependent on mechanical ventilator. care must be provided.
Defense mechanisms in intensive care patients are affected by their disease and multiple interventions that circumvent natural host defenses. Treatments applied in intensive care units, lack of fluid intake of the patient, and some materials used for treatment and care cause changes in the oral mucous membrane. Inadequate protective mechanisms in patients can lead to both local and systemic complications such as caries, periodontal disease, oral mucosal infections, and ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Bacterial oropharyngeal colonization progressively changes to tracheal colonization leading to ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Especially in patients connected to mechanical ventilators, the entry of bacteria into the respiratory tract is facilitated and increased due to the endotracheal tube, causing the coughing reflex and mucociliar activity to be impaired and secretion to increase. In this case, gram-positive bacteria that make up the normal flora in the oral mucosa are replaced by gram-negative bacteria, causing changes in the oral flora and plaque formation on the teeth. Therefore, oral care becomes much more important.The solution and frequency to be used gain importance for oral care to be effective on the integrity of the oral mucous membrane.
In the literature, it is recommended to use chlorhexidine gluconate solution in oral care to prevent the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients.However, there is no evidence on how often oral care should be performed.
When the literature is reviewed, further studies with conclusive evidence to show how often chlorhexidine gluconate is effective are needed. For this reason, this study was planned to determine the effect of three different oral care frequencies on the integrity of the oral mucous membrane in patients dependent on mechanical ventilators.
The research is planned to be carried out between 01.06.2021 and 01.06.2022 in the internal medicine intensive care unit of Aydın Adnan Menderes University Practice and Research Hospital.
The population of the research is the patients hospitalized in the Internal Medicine intensive care unit of Aydın Adnan Menderes University Practice and Research Hospital between 01.06.2021 and 01.06.2022, and the sample is; Patients who are older than 18 years of age, who are in the first 24 hours of mechanical ventilation, who are 18 years of age and older, and whose relatives have consented. The sample of the research; Patients with thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and oral aphthae, stomatitis, candiasis, gingivitis who have had an oral surgical procedure will not be accepted.
Before starting the practice in this study, the purpose of the research will be explained to all nurses working in the unit by the researchers and an information meeting about oral care will be held. After the operability of the guide in the intensive care unit is ensured, the data collection phase will begin. Randomization of patients will be done by the nurse in charge of the service.
The frequency of oral care of the patients will be in three groups. Oral care will be done twice a day for the patients in the first group, 3 times a day for the patients in the second group, and 4 times a day for the patients in the third group. Oral care of the patients will be applied according to the guide used in the training given to the nurses. In oral care, 0.12% chlorhexidine solution will be used.
The concentration of 0.12% of the chlorhexidine gluconate solution planned to be used in the research is the most frequently used form compared to the other concentrations of the solution. And no side effects were noted in the studies.
For this reason, 0.12% chlorhexidine solution was preferred. When the literature is examined, this density was preferred because it is the most frequently used solution in the oral care of patients under mechanical ventilation support.
The oral mucosa of the patients will be evaluated with the Oral Evaluation Scale by the researcher before the first oral care application every morning for four days. According to the score obtained from the scale, the researcher will evaluate the patients as normal oral mucosa, mild dysfunction, moderate dysfunction and severe dysfunction.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
SEQUENTIAL
The frequency of oral care of the patients will be in three groups. Oral care will be done twice a day for the patients in the first group, 3 times a day for the patients in the second group, and 4 times a day for the patients in the third group. Oral care of the patients will be applied according to the guide used in the training given to the nurses.
PREVENTION
NONE
Study Groups
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first group
The patients in the first group will be given oral care with 0.12% chlorhexidine twice a day.
chlorhexidine
The population of the research is the patients hospitalized in the Internal Medicine intensive care unit of Aydın Adnan Menderes University Practice and Research Hospital between 01.06.2021 and 01.06.2022, and the sample is; Patients who are older than 18 years of age, who are in the first 24 hours of mechanical ventilation, who are 18 years of age and older, and whose relatives have consented.Oral care of the patients will be done with 0.12% chlorhexidine solution, and the frequency of oral care will be in three groups. Oral care will be done twice a day for the patients in the first group, 3 times a day for the patients in the second group, and 4 times a day for the patients in the third group. Oral care of the patients will be applied according to the guide used in the training given to the nurses.
second group
The patients in the second group will be given oral care with 0.12% chlorhexidine 3 times a day.
chlorhexidine
The population of the research is the patients hospitalized in the Internal Medicine intensive care unit of Aydın Adnan Menderes University Practice and Research Hospital between 01.06.2021 and 01.06.2022, and the sample is; Patients who are older than 18 years of age, who are in the first 24 hours of mechanical ventilation, who are 18 years of age and older, and whose relatives have consented.Oral care of the patients will be done with 0.12% chlorhexidine solution, and the frequency of oral care will be in three groups. Oral care will be done twice a day for the patients in the first group, 3 times a day for the patients in the second group, and 4 times a day for the patients in the third group. Oral care of the patients will be applied according to the guide used in the training given to the nurses.
third group
The patients in the third group will be given oral care with 0.12% chlorhexidine 4 times a day.
chlorhexidine
The population of the research is the patients hospitalized in the Internal Medicine intensive care unit of Aydın Adnan Menderes University Practice and Research Hospital between 01.06.2021 and 01.06.2022, and the sample is; Patients who are older than 18 years of age, who are in the first 24 hours of mechanical ventilation, who are 18 years of age and older, and whose relatives have consented.Oral care of the patients will be done with 0.12% chlorhexidine solution, and the frequency of oral care will be in three groups. Oral care will be done twice a day for the patients in the first group, 3 times a day for the patients in the second group, and 4 times a day for the patients in the third group. Oral care of the patients will be applied according to the guide used in the training given to the nurses.
Interventions
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chlorhexidine
The population of the research is the patients hospitalized in the Internal Medicine intensive care unit of Aydın Adnan Menderes University Practice and Research Hospital between 01.06.2021 and 01.06.2022, and the sample is; Patients who are older than 18 years of age, who are in the first 24 hours of mechanical ventilation, who are 18 years of age and older, and whose relatives have consented.Oral care of the patients will be done with 0.12% chlorhexidine solution, and the frequency of oral care will be in three groups. Oral care will be done twice a day for the patients in the first group, 3 times a day for the patients in the second group, and 4 times a day for the patients in the third group. Oral care of the patients will be applied according to the guide used in the training given to the nurses.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* In the first 24 hours of mechanical ventilation,
* It will consist of patients with consent from their relatives.
Exclusion Criteria
* Patients with oral aphthae, stomatitis, candiasis, gingivitis will not be taken.
18 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Aydin Adnan Menderes University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Aslıhan Tahtali Turgut
Nurse
Principal Investigators
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Gülengün Türk, Prof.Dr
Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Nursing, Department of Nursing Fundamentals
Locations
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Aydın Adnan Menderes University
Aydin, Efeler, Turkey (Türkiye)
Countries
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References
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La Combe B, Maherault AC, Messika J, Billard-Pomares T, Branger C, Landraud L, Dreyfuss D, Dib F, Massias L, Ricard JD. Oropharyngeal Bacterial Colonization after Chlorhexidine Mouthwash in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patients. Anesthesiology. 2018 Dec;129(6):1140-1148. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002451.
Villar CC, Pannuti CM, Nery DM, Morillo CM, Carmona MJ, Romito GA. Effectiveness of Intraoral Chlorhexidine Protocols in the Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Respir Care. 2016 Sep;61(9):1245-59. doi: 10.4187/respcare.04610. Epub 2016 Aug 9.
Deschepper M, Waegeman W, Eeckloo K, Vogelaers D, Blot S. Effects of chlorhexidine gluconate oral care on hospital mortality: a hospital-wide, observational cohort study. Intensive Care Med. 2018 Jul;44(7):1017-1026. doi: 10.1007/s00134-018-5171-3. Epub 2018 May 9.
Kocacal Guler E, Turk G. Oral Chlorhexidine Against Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and Microbial Colonization in Intensive Care Patients. West J Nurs Res. 2019 Jun;41(6):901-919. doi: 10.1177/0193945918781531. Epub 2018 Jun 15.
Haghighi A, Shafipour V, Bagheri-Nesami M, Gholipour Baradari A, Yazdani Charati J. The impact of oral care on oral health status and prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients. Aust Crit Care. 2017 Mar;30(2):69-73. doi: 10.1016/j.aucc.2016.07.002. Epub 2016 Aug 4.
Houston S, Hougland P, Anderson JJ, LaRocco M, Kennedy V, Gentry LO. Effectiveness of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse in reducing prevalence of nosocomial pneumonia in patients undergoing heart surgery. Am J Crit Care. 2002 Nov;11(6):567-70.
Lee S, Lighvan NL, McCredie V, Pechlivanoglou P, Krahn M, Quinonez C, Azarpazhooh A. Chlorhexidine-Related Mortality Rate in Critically Ill Subjects in Intensive Care Units: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Respir Care. 2019 Mar;64(3):337-349. doi: 10.4187/respcare.06434.
McCue MK, Palmer GA. Use of Chlorhexidine to Prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in a Long-term Care Setting: A Retrospective Medical Record Review. J Nurs Care Qual. 2019 Jul/Sep;34(3):263-268. doi: 10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000367.
Ory J, Raybaud E, Chabanne R, Cosserant B, Faure JS, Guerin R, Calvet L, Pereira B, Mourgues C, Guelon D, Traore O. Comparative study of 2 oral care protocols in intensive care units. Am J Infect Control. 2017 Mar 1;45(3):245-250. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.09.006. Epub 2016 Oct 27.
Saddki N, Mohamad Sani FE, Tin-Oo MM. Oral care for intubated patients: a survey of intensive care unit nurses. Nurs Crit Care. 2017 Mar;22(2):89-98. doi: 10.1111/nicc.12119. Epub 2014 Oct 28.
Turk G, Kocacal Guler E, Eser I, Khorshid L. Oral care practices of intensive care nurses: a descriptive study. Int J Nurs Pract. 2012 Aug;18(4):347-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-172X.2012.02045.x.
Zand F, Zahed L, Mansouri P, Dehghanrad F, Bahrani M, Ghorbani M. The effects of oral rinse with 0.2% and 2% chlorhexidine on oropharyngeal colonization and ventilator associated pneumonia in adults' intensive care units. J Crit Care. 2017 Aug;40:318-322. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.02.029. Epub 2017 Mar 1.
Bordenave C. [Evaluation of the effectiveness of a protocol of intensification of mouth care (teeth brushing and chlorhexidine 0.12%) on the colonisation of tracheal aspirations in intubated and ventilated patients in intensive care]. Rech Soins Infirm. 2011 Sep;(106):92-8. French.
Other Identifiers
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Oral Care Frequency
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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