Trial Outcomes & Findings for Youth-Led Intervention to Improve Blood Pressure (NCT NCT05029687)

Last Updated: 2025-12-30

Results Overview

Using 21-question assessment adapted from Williams et al.'s 1998 hypertension knowledge tool. Results reported are the mean number of questions correct out of 21.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

Target enrollment

64 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

At end of 6-week intervention, and 1 month post-6-week intervention

Results posted on

2025-12-30

Participant Flow

Due to recruitment challenges for the ED cohort, Aim 2 of the study was changed from recruitment in the ED to recruitment in a school. Hence, we only have data for the school cohort. Additionally, the number of participants represents both members of each dyad (adults and youth) combined.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Aim 2 School Cohort The intervention is a youth-led HTN education digital intervention, which will be comprised of a 6-week playlist of one module per week comprising the playlist. Youth will learn from the module and will teach the adult in their dyad about hypertension education in each week's themed module. Youth-Led Hypertension Education Digital Intervention: The intervention is a youth-led HTN education digital intervention, which will be comprised of a 6-week playlist of one module per week comprising the playlist. Youth will learn from the module and will teach the adult in their dyad about hypertension education in each week's themed module. The number of people listed here are adults and youth combined (total number of people, not dyads).	Aim 1 Participants Qualitative interviews and focus groups to develop the intervention.	Aim 2 ED Cohort Participants recruited in the ED for Aim 2 of study. Enrollment was very low with less engagement and no dyads completed the intervention, so shifted to recruitment in the school.
Overall Study STARTED	38	22	4
Overall Study COMPLETED	30	22	0
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	8	0	4

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure	Aim 2 School Cohort The intervention is a youth-led HTN education digital intervention, which will be comprised of a 6-week playlist of one module per week comprising the playlist. Youth will learn from the module and will teach the adult in their dyad about hypertension education in each week's themed module. Youth-Led Hypertension Education Digital Intervention: The intervention is a youth-led HTN education digital intervention, which will be comprised of a 6-week playlist of one module per week comprising the playlist. Youth will learn from the module and will teach the adult in their dyad about hypertension education in each week's themed module. The number of people listed here are adults and youth combined (total number of people, not dyads).	Aim 1 Participants Qualitative interviews and focus groups to develop the intervention.	Aim 2 ED Cohort Participants recruited in the ED for Aim 2 of study. Enrollment was very low with less engagement and no dyads completed the intervention, so shifted to recruitment in the school.
Overall Study Withdrawal by Subject	4	0	2
Overall Study Lost to Follow-up	4	0	2

Baseline Characteristics

This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: At end of 6-week intervention, and 1 month post-6-week intervention

Population: High Blood Pressure Knowledge (# correct responses), Mean (SD), \[95% CI\]

Using 21-question assessment adapted from Williams et al.'s 1998 hypertension knowledge tool. Results reported are the mean number of questions correct out of 21.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Youth n=13 Participants The intervention is a youth-led HTN education digital intervention, which will be comprised of a 6-week playlist of one module per week comprising the playlist. Youth will learn from the module and will teach the adult in their dyad about hypertension education in each week's themed module. Youth-Led Hypertension Education Digital Intervention: The intervention is a youth-led HTN education digital intervention, which will be comprised of a 6-week playlist of one module per week comprising the playlist. Youth will learn from the module and will teach the adult in their dyad about hypertension education in each week's themed module.	Adults n=14 Participants The intervention is a youth-led HTN education digital intervention, which will be comprised of a 6-week playlist of one module per week comprising the playlist. Youth will learn from the module and will teach the adult in their dyad about hypertension education in each week's themed module. Youth-Led Hypertension Education Digital Intervention: The intervention is a youth-led HTN education digital intervention, which will be comprised of a 6-week playlist of one module per week comprising the playlist. Youth will learn from the module and will teach the adult in their dyad about hypertension education in each week's themed module.
School Cohort: Hypertension Knowledge (Youth and Adult) At end of 6-week intervention	17.5 number of questions correct out of 21 Standard Deviation 1.5	17.6 number of questions correct out of 21 Standard Deviation 1.7
School Cohort: Hypertension Knowledge (Youth and Adult) 1 month post-6-week intervention	17.9 number of questions correct out of 21 Standard Deviation 2.7	17.8 number of questions correct out of 21 Standard Deviation 2.4

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and 1 week and 2 months post-intervention completion

Population: Due to recruitment challenges for the ED cohort, the study was changed from recruitment in the ED to recruitment in a school. Hence, we only have data for the school cohort. No participants enrolled in the ED cohort completed the study (1 dyad- 1 adult and 1 youth were lost to follow-up and 1 dyad- 1 adult and 1 youth discontinued the intervention). No outcome data were collected from the ED cohort.

Using assessment adapted from Williams et al.'s 1998 hypertension knowledge tool

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and 1 week and 2 months post-intervention completion

Using a 3-item investigator-created assessment tool on confidence in managing high blood pressure

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: At end of 6-week intervention and 1 month post-6-week intervention

Population: Participants completed the assessment at post-intervention and 1-month post-intervention.

To measure youth confidence helping an adult manage hypertension, investigators created a 3-item assessment from 1 (not at all confident) to 10 (totally confident), on confidence to 1) teach, 2) encourage, and 3) help an adult lower their BP. The outcome measure represents the mean for each of the three items.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Youth n=13 Participants The intervention is a youth-led HTN education digital intervention, which will be comprised of a 6-week playlist of one module per week comprising the playlist. Youth will learn from the module and will teach the adult in their dyad about hypertension education in each week's themed module. Youth-Led Hypertension Education Digital Intervention: The intervention is a youth-led HTN education digital intervention, which will be comprised of a 6-week playlist of one module per week comprising the playlist. Youth will learn from the module and will teach the adult in their dyad about hypertension education in each week's themed module.	Adults n=13 Participants The intervention is a youth-led HTN education digital intervention, which will be comprised of a 6-week playlist of one module per week comprising the playlist. Youth will learn from the module and will teach the adult in their dyad about hypertension education in each week's themed module. Youth-Led Hypertension Education Digital Intervention: The intervention is a youth-led HTN education digital intervention, which will be comprised of a 6-week playlist of one module per week comprising the playlist. Youth will learn from the module and will teach the adult in their dyad about hypertension education in each week's themed module.
School Cohort: Youth Self-efficacy Help an adult lower their BP.	8.8 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.6	9.0 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.3
School Cohort: Youth Self-efficacy Encourage an adult to lower their high BP.	8.9 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.0	9.0 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.2
School Cohort: Youth Self-efficacy Teach an adult how to lower their BP.	8.2 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.3	8.7 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.4

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and 1 week and 2 months post-intervention completion

Using the Adult Blood Pressure Self-Care Scale (Warren-Findlow et al.)

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: At end of 6-week intervention and 1 month post-6-week intervention

Mean using the 10-question Adult Blood Pressure Self-Care Scale (Peters \& Templin, 2010), which states: "In general, how often are the following statements true about you?" on a scale of 1-Never to 7-Always for self-reported frequency of behaviors (e.g. diet, exercise) that control BP. (e.g.: "I am eating a low-salt diet each day.")

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Youth n=12 Participants The intervention is a youth-led HTN education digital intervention, which will be comprised of a 6-week playlist of one module per week comprising the playlist. Youth will learn from the module and will teach the adult in their dyad about hypertension education in each week's themed module. Youth-Led Hypertension Education Digital Intervention: The intervention is a youth-led HTN education digital intervention, which will be comprised of a 6-week playlist of one module per week comprising the playlist. Youth will learn from the module and will teach the adult in their dyad about hypertension education in each week's themed module.	Adults n=14 Participants The intervention is a youth-led HTN education digital intervention, which will be comprised of a 6-week playlist of one module per week comprising the playlist. Youth will learn from the module and will teach the adult in their dyad about hypertension education in each week's themed module. Youth-Led Hypertension Education Digital Intervention: The intervention is a youth-led HTN education digital intervention, which will be comprised of a 6-week playlist of one module per week comprising the playlist. Youth will learn from the module and will teach the adult in their dyad about hypertension education in each week's themed module.
School Cohort: Adult Blood Pressure Self-care	4.9 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.2	5.2 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.9

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and 1 week and 2 months post-intervention completion

Using Adult Self-Efficacy to Manage Hypertension Scale (Warren-Findlow et al.)

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: At end of 6-week intervention and 1 month post-6-week intervention

Mean using the 5-question Adult Self-Efficacy to Manage Hypertension Scale (Warren-Findlow et al.) which asks about confidence in managing BP control behaviors on a scale of 1-not at all confident to 10-totally confident.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Youth n=3 Participants The intervention is a youth-led HTN education digital intervention, which will be comprised of a 6-week playlist of one module per week comprising the playlist. Youth will learn from the module and will teach the adult in their dyad about hypertension education in each week's themed module. Youth-Led Hypertension Education Digital Intervention: The intervention is a youth-led HTN education digital intervention, which will be comprised of a 6-week playlist of one module per week comprising the playlist. Youth will learn from the module and will teach the adult in their dyad about hypertension education in each week's themed module.	Adults n=3 Participants The intervention is a youth-led HTN education digital intervention, which will be comprised of a 6-week playlist of one module per week comprising the playlist. Youth will learn from the module and will teach the adult in their dyad about hypertension education in each week's themed module. Youth-Led Hypertension Education Digital Intervention: The intervention is a youth-led HTN education digital intervention, which will be comprised of a 6-week playlist of one module per week comprising the playlist. Youth will learn from the module and will teach the adult in their dyad about hypertension education in each week's themed module.
School Cohort: Adult Self-efficacy to Manage HTN	8.1 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.7	8.5 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.4

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline to 1 week and 2 months post-intervention completion

Change in systolic and diastolic adult blood pressure (in mm Hg)

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

Adverse Events

Intervention Arm

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Sara Heinert, PhD, MPH

Rutgers University

Phone: 732-235-7872

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place

Measure	Aim 2: School Cohort n=34 Participants The intervention is a youth-led HTN education digital intervention, which will be comprised of a 6-week playlist of one module per week comprising the playlist. Youth will learn from the module and will teach the adult in their dyad about hypertension education in each week's themed module. Youth-Led Hypertension Education Digital Intervention: The intervention is a youth-led HTN education digital intervention, which will be comprised of a 6-week playlist of one module per week comprising the playlist. Youth will learn from the module and will teach the adult in their dyad about hypertension education in each week's themed module.	Aim 1 Participants n=22 Participants To develop the youth-led HTN digital intervention, we conducted a formative study to determine acceptable and easily comprehensible ways to present hypertension information to adults with hypertension and optimal ways to engage youth to support adults on how to achieve better hypertension control. After creating an intervention prototype with 6 weekly self-guided hypertension online modules, we recruited 12 youth (adolescents, aged 15-18 years) for 3 focus groups and 10 adult ED patients with hypertension for individual online interviews to garner feedback on the prototype. After completing a brief questionnaire, participants were asked about experiences with hypertension, preferences for a hypertension education intervention, and acceptability, feasibility, obstacles, and solutions for intervention implementation with youth and adults.	Aim 2: ED Cohort n=4 Participants We found little success recruiting participants through the emergency department. No participants completed the study and we shifted to recruitment through a local high school (see Aim 2: School Cohort).	Total n=60 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous Youth	15.5 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.1 • n=17 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	15.9 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.8 • n=12 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	20.0 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.2 • n=2 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	15.9 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.6 • n=31 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.
Age, Continuous Adults	43.3 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.7 • n=17 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	49.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 17.0 • n=10 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	61.5 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 20.5 • n=2 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	47.2 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.5 • n=29 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.
Sex: Female, Male Youth · Female	17 Participants n=17 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	7 Participants n=12 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	1 Participants n=2 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	25 Participants n=31 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.
Sex: Female, Male Youth · Male	0 Participants n=17 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	5 Participants n=12 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	1 Participants n=2 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	6 Participants n=31 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.
Sex: Female, Male Adults · Female	13 Participants n=17 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	4 Participants n=10 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	2 Participants n=2 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	19 Participants n=29 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.
Sex: Female, Male Adults · Male	4 Participants n=17 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	6 Participants n=10 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	0 Participants n=2 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	10 Participants n=29 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.
Race (NIH/OMB) Youth · American Indian or Alaska Native	2 Participants n=17 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	0 Participants n=12 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	0 Participants n=2 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	2 Participants n=31 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.
Race (NIH/OMB) Youth · Asian	1 Participants n=17 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	1 Participants n=12 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	1 Participants n=2 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	3 Participants n=31 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.
Race (NIH/OMB) Youth · Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	2 Participants n=17 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	0 Participants n=12 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	0 Participants n=2 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	2 Participants n=31 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.
Race (NIH/OMB) Youth · Black or African American	0 Participants n=17 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	1 Participants n=12 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	1 Participants n=2 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	2 Participants n=31 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.
Race (NIH/OMB) Youth · White	8 Participants n=17 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	4 Participants n=12 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	0 Participants n=2 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	12 Participants n=31 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.
Race (NIH/OMB) Youth · More than one race	1 Participants n=17 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	0 Participants n=12 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	0 Participants n=2 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	1 Participants n=31 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.
Race (NIH/OMB) Youth · Unknown or Not Reported	3 Participants n=17 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	6 Participants n=12 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	0 Participants n=2 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	9 Participants n=31 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.
Race (NIH/OMB) Adults · American Indian or Alaska Native	0 Participants n=17 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	0 Participants n=10 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	0 Participants n=2 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	0 Participants n=29 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.
Race (NIH/OMB) Adults · Asian	1 Participants n=17 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	4 Participants n=10 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	1 Participants n=2 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	6 Participants n=29 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.
Race (NIH/OMB) Adults · Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0 Participants n=17 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	0 Participants n=10 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	0 Participants n=2 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	0 Participants n=29 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.
Race (NIH/OMB) Adults · Black or African American	0 Participants n=17 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	1 Participants n=10 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	1 Participants n=2 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	2 Participants n=29 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.
Race (NIH/OMB) Adults · White	4 Participants n=17 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	4 Participants n=10 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	0 Participants n=2 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	8 Participants n=29 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.
Race (NIH/OMB) Adults · More than one race	1 Participants n=17 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	1 Participants n=10 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	0 Participants n=2 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	2 Participants n=29 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.
Race (NIH/OMB) Adults · Unknown or Not Reported	11 Participants n=17 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	0 Participants n=10 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	0 Participants n=2 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.	11 Participants n=29 Participants • This is a dyad study of adult-youth dyads so adult and youth participants are separated.
HTN Knowledge Youth	13.0 questions correct out of 21 total STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.2 • n=17 Participants • Aim 2: 17 youth and 17 adults for school cohort and 2 youth and 2 adults for ED cohort. This variable was not collected for Aim 1 participants.	—	15 questions correct out of 21 total STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.8 • n=2 Participants • Aim 2: 17 youth and 17 adults for school cohort and 2 youth and 2 adults for ED cohort. This variable was not collected for Aim 1 participants.	13.2 questions correct out of 21 total STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.2 • n=19 Participants • Aim 2: 17 youth and 17 adults for school cohort and 2 youth and 2 adults for ED cohort. This variable was not collected for Aim 1 participants.
HTN Knowledge Adults	12.3 questions correct out of 21 total STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.0 • n=17 Participants • Aim 2: 17 youth and 17 adults for school cohort and 2 youth and 2 adults for ED cohort. This variable was not collected for Aim 1 participants.	—	14 questions correct out of 21 total STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.1 • n=2 Participants • Aim 2: 17 youth and 17 adults for school cohort and 2 youth and 2 adults for ED cohort. This variable was not collected for Aim 1 participants.	12.5 questions correct out of 21 total STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.3 • n=19 Participants • Aim 2: 17 youth and 17 adults for school cohort and 2 youth and 2 adults for ED cohort. This variable was not collected for Aim 1 participants.
Youth- Confidence in Managing High Blood Pressure Teach an adult how to lower their high BP.	5.6 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.2 • n=17 Participants • Only measured in youth. This variable was not collected for Aim 1 participants.	—	8 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.8 • n=2 Participants • Only measured in youth. This variable was not collected for Aim 1 participants.	5.9 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.2 • n=19 Participants • Only measured in youth. This variable was not collected for Aim 1 participants.
Youth- Confidence in Managing High Blood Pressure Encourage an adult to lower their high BP.	6.9 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.9 • n=17 Participants • Only measured in youth. This variable was not collected for Aim 1 participants.	—	8 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.8 • n=2 Participants • Only measured in youth. This variable was not collected for Aim 1 participants.	7.0 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.9 • n=19 Participants • Only measured in youth. This variable was not collected for Aim 1 participants.
Youth- Confidence in Managing High Blood Pressure Help an adult lower their BP.	6.2 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.4 • n=17 Participants • Only measured in youth. This variable was not collected for Aim 1 participants.	—	8 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.8 • n=2 Participants • Only measured in youth. This variable was not collected for Aim 1 participants.	6.4 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.3 • n=19 Participants • Only measured in youth. This variable was not collected for Aim 1 participants.
Adult- Blood Pressure Self-Care Scale	3.8 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.0 • n=17 Participants • Only measured in adults. This variable was not collected for Aim 1 participants.	—	4.6 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.4 • n=2 Participants • Only measured in adults. This variable was not collected for Aim 1 participants.	3.9 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.9 • n=19 Participants • Only measured in adults. This variable was not collected for Aim 1 participants.
Adult Self-Efficacy to Manage Hypertension Scale	6.2 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.1 • n=4 Participants • Only for adults with diagnosed hypertension. This variable was not collected for Aim 1 participants.	—	5.8 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.0 • n=2 Participants • Only for adults with diagnosed hypertension. This variable was not collected for Aim 1 participants.	6.1 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.4 • n=6 Participants • Only for adults with diagnosed hypertension. This variable was not collected for Aim 1 participants.