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Opioids and Police Safety Study

NCT ID: NCT05008523

Last Updated: 2023-12-07

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

333 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2021-01-22

Study Completion Date

2024-03-01

Brief Summary

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Overdose deaths are currently the largest cause of accidental death in the US and opioid-related overdose deaths constitute the overwhelming majority of these deaths. Demands for a knowledge-base for effective law enforcement interventions is growing. This proposed study is designed to provide a knowledge base regarding key obstacles and facilitators of the willingness and preparedness of police to administer naloxone and related risk reduction practices and evaluate the efficacy of a web-based opioid-related occupational safety and risk reduction curriculum. Findings from this study will be applied to the development and implementation of effective interventions for police officers aimed at harmonizing law enforcement practices with public health goals.

Detailed Description

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This application proposes to contribute to the harmonization of law enforcement practices and public health goals to combat rising morbidity and mortality rates associated with opioid-related overdose (OD). Police departments around the U.S. are increasingly making the OD reversal drug, naloxone, available to their officers. This intervention has the potential to greatly improve emergency response after an OD. The proportion of precincts mandating that officers carry naloxone remains small, however, and barriers remain that make adoption of these first-responder programs problematic. Lawsuits from police unions contesting naloxone- related mandates and occupational safety concerns, including the potential for needle stick injuries (HIV/HCV risk) and incidental contact with fentanyl-class substances, constitute barriers, as do stigma and concerns about legal jeopardy. The study team proposes to equip police with best-practices for minimizing workplace harms related to encounters with PWUO/PWID and the legal and practical knowledge to respond confidently to an OD without fear of legal jeopardy as well as reduce health risks to PWUOs and PWIDs associated with law enforcement. More than 10,000 law enforcement officers in Pennsylvania (roughly one third of all PA officers) have already received naloxone and OD response training from GetNaloxoneNow.org (GNN), a web-based intervention. With the support of county departments of health, harm reduction agencies, law enforcement, and district attorneys, the team proposes to adapt extant interventions for police to create an online training module aimed at reducing barriers to police engagement in OD response. Using a mixed-method design, organized around a pragmatic trial design, the study will achieve the following objectives:1) Adapt an occupational risk reduction (ORR) curriculum to add to a web-based OD response and naloxone training platform (GNN); 2) Describe naloxone use patterns, OD response experiences, and attitudes related to illicit opioid use among a sample (N = 300) of police officers in PA trained via the GNN platform; 3) Evaluate the relative effectiveness of ORR + GNN, compared with GNN-only, with respect to the following outcomes: a) rates of carrying naloxone while on/off-duty; b) rates of OD response in which naloxone is/isn't administered; c) numbers of referrals to treatment; d) numbers of syringes confiscated; and e) rates of information sharing with OD survivors and others. Mediators and moderators of efficacy will also be analyzed. 4) Document the range of psychosocial mechanisms underlying participant OD response engagement post-intervention. This study aims to remove barriers to life-saving police engagement with PWUO/PWID by focusing both on the safety of law enforcement and evidence-based and best-practices for working with persons at risk of an opioid OD. The study also will provide empirical evaluation of the diffusion of naloxone-based response among law enforcement.

Conditions

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Opioid Overdose

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

SINGLE_GROUP

The Opioids and Police Safety Study employed a pragmatic trial design evaluated in a simultaneous embedded mixed-method approach.
Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Participants are randomized to the experimental or the control arm for occupational risk reduction trainings. Trainings are not designated as experimental or control.

CHANGE TO PROTOCOL: Control dropped to enable recruitment. Outcome measures are the same.

Study Groups

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Opioids and Police Safety Occupational Risk Reduction Training

Provides occupational risk reduction training for police in 49 slides including 8 filmed videos (police officers, MDs, SSP staff, a person in recovery). The training is delivered online with secure access only for enrolled study participants.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Opioids and Police Safety Occupational Risk Reduction Training (OPS)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Potential participants are provided with a flyer with directions to enroll online. Groups are randomized by zip code (all participants with the same zip code receive the same training to avoid contamination by precinct) Both the experimental and control groups first take the online GetNaloxoneNow.org First Responder training; then the experimental group takes the online OPS training and the control group takes the online COVID training. Both groups take a pre-survey prior to both trainings and a post-survey after they complete both trainings. Both groups also receive (via email) a resource list with information that was provided in their respective trainings plus additional resources re: occupational risk reduction appropriate to each training. Every quarter for one year, participants are emailed a reminder to get back online to take the survey again.

COVID Occupational Risk Reduction Training

The COVID-19 and Police Safety training (Control only) includes 22 slides, also narrated by a professional voice narrator.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Opioids and Police Safety Occupational Risk Reduction Training (COVID)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Potential participants are provided with a flyer with directions to enroll online. Groups are randomized by zip code (all participants with the same zip code receive the same training to avoid contamination by precinct) Both the experimental and control groups first take the online GetNaloxoneNow.org First Responder training; then the experimental group takes the online OPS training and the control group takes the online COVID training. Both groups take a pre-survey prior to both trainings and a post-survey after they complete both trainings. Both groups also receive (via email) a resource list with information that was provided in their respective trainings plus additional resources re: occupational risk reduction appropriate to each training. Every quarter for one year, participants are emailed a reminder to get back online to take the survey again.

Interventions

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Opioids and Police Safety Occupational Risk Reduction Training (OPS)

Potential participants are provided with a flyer with directions to enroll online. Groups are randomized by zip code (all participants with the same zip code receive the same training to avoid contamination by precinct) Both the experimental and control groups first take the online GetNaloxoneNow.org First Responder training; then the experimental group takes the online OPS training and the control group takes the online COVID training. Both groups take a pre-survey prior to both trainings and a post-survey after they complete both trainings. Both groups also receive (via email) a resource list with information that was provided in their respective trainings plus additional resources re: occupational risk reduction appropriate to each training. Every quarter for one year, participants are emailed a reminder to get back online to take the survey again.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Opioids and Police Safety Occupational Risk Reduction Training (COVID)

Potential participants are provided with a flyer with directions to enroll online. Groups are randomized by zip code (all participants with the same zip code receive the same training to avoid contamination by precinct) Both the experimental and control groups first take the online GetNaloxoneNow.org First Responder training; then the experimental group takes the online OPS training and the control group takes the online COVID training. Both groups take a pre-survey prior to both trainings and a post-survey after they complete both trainings. Both groups also receive (via email) a resource list with information that was provided in their respective trainings plus additional resources re: occupational risk reduction appropriate to each training. Every quarter for one year, participants are emailed a reminder to get back online to take the survey again.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Other Intervention Names

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OPS COVID

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Active duty Police Officer

Exclusion Criteria

* Desk only- not active duty
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

FED

Sponsor Role collaborator

New York University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Locations

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New York University

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Simmons J, Elliott L, Bennett AS, Beletsky L, Rajan S, Anders B, Dastparvardeh N. Evaluation of an Experimental Web-based Educational Module on Opioid-related Occupational Safety Among Police Officers: Protocol for a Randomized Pragmatic Trial to Minimize Barriers to Overdose Response. JMIR Res Protoc. 2022 Feb 25;11(2):e33451. doi: 10.2196/33451.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 35212639 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Informed Consent Form

View Document

Other Identifiers

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IRB-FY2019-3315

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id