Trial Outcomes & Findings for Examining the Feasibility and Acceptability of a Tailored Version of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention (MBI) Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness (YEH) (NCT NCT04950816)

Results Overview

The DERS is a 36-item questionnaire, and each item is scored from 1(almost never)-5 (almost always). The 36 items were added to generate a scale from 36 to 180, a higher score indicates greater problem with emotion regulation.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

90 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Baseline

Results posted on

2025-08-28

Participant Flow

A total of 121 participants were screened. Of those, 90 met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Overall Study STARTED	45	45
Overall Study Completed Immediately After Intervention (About 2 to 4 Weeks After Baseline)	36	39
Overall Study Completed 3 Month Post Intervention Follow up	31	28
Overall Study Completed 6 Month Post Intervention Follow up	25	24
Overall Study COMPLETED	25	24
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	20	21

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Examining the Feasibility and Acceptability of a Tailored Version of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention (MBI) Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness (YEH)

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=45 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=45 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.	Total n=90 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous	21.05 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.86 • n=5 Participants	21.90 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.81 • n=7 Participants	21.48 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.88 • n=5 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized Female	10 Participants n=5 Participants	17 Participants n=7 Participants	27 Participants n=5 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized Male	29 Participants n=5 Participants	27 Participants n=7 Participants	56 Participants n=5 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized Transgender Female	2 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	2 Participants n=5 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized Transgender Male	2 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	2 Participants n=5 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized Non-binary/ non-conforming	1 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=7 Participants	2 Participants n=5 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized Other (unspecified)	1 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	1 Participants n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino	13 Participants n=5 Participants	13 Participants n=7 Participants	26 Participants n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino	32 Participants n=5 Participants	32 Participants n=7 Participants	64 Participants n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	3 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=7 Participants	4 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	1 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=7 Participants	2 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0 Participants n=5 Participants	2 Participants n=7 Participants	2 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	19 Participants n=5 Participants	28 Participants n=7 Participants	47 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	12 Participants n=5 Participants	4 Participants n=7 Participants	16 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	5 Participants n=5 Participants	4 Participants n=7 Participants	9 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	5 Participants n=5 Participants	5 Participants n=7 Participants	10 Participants n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment United States	45 participants n=5 Participants	45 participants n=7 Participants	90 participants n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

The DERS is a 36-item questionnaire, and each item is scored from 1(almost never)-5 (almost always). The 36 items were added to generate a scale from 36 to 180, a higher score indicates greater problem with emotion regulation.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=45 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=45 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Emotion Regulation as Measured by Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)	93.18 score on a scale Standard Deviation 26.41	82.62 score on a scale Standard Deviation 23.42

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)

Population: Data were not collected from 4 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

The DERS is a 36-item questionnaire, and each item is scored from 1(almost never)-5 (almost always). The 36 items were added to generate a scale from 36 to 180, a higher score indicates greater problem with emotion regulation.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=36 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=35 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Emotion Regulation as Measured by Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)	86.03 score on a scale Standard Deviation 21.82	94.74 score on a scale Standard Deviation 21.19

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 3 months post intervention

Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey. Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

The DERS is a 36-item questionnaire, and each item is scored from 1(almost never)-5 (almost always). The 36 items were added to generate a scale from 36 to 180, a higher score indicates greater problem with emotion regulation.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=30 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=27 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Emotion Regulation as Measured by Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)	85.4 score on a scale Standard Deviation 22.25	91.56 score on a scale Standard Deviation 19.64

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months post intervention

Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

The DERS is a 36-item questionnaire, and each item is scored from 1(almost never)-5 (almost always). The 36 items were added to generate a scale from 36 to 180, a higher score indicates greater problem with emotion regulation.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=25 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=23 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Emotion Regulation as Measured by Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)	90.36 score on a scale Standard Deviation 24.21	94.26 score on a scale Standard Deviation 17.17

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

The CAMM is a 10 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 0(never true)-4 (always true). The 10 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 40, a higher score indicates higher levels of mindfulness

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=45 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=45 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Mindfulness as Measured by Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM)	23.84 score on a scale Standard Deviation 9.3	27.38 score on a scale Standard Deviation 11.26

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)

Population: Data were not collected from 4 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

The CAMM is a 10 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 0(never true)-4 (always true). The 10 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 40, a higher score indicates higher levels of mindfulness

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=36 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=35 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Mindfulness as Measured by Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM)	26.89 score on a scale Standard Deviation 9.47	24.31 score on a scale Standard Deviation 10.41

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 3 months post intervention

Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey. Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

The CAMM is a 10 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 0(never true)-4 (always true). The 10 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 40, a higher score indicates higher levels of mindfulness

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=30 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=27 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Mindfulness as Measured by Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM)	28.73 score on a scale Standard Deviation 9.08	27.74 score on a scale Standard Deviation 10.61

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months post intervention

Population: Data were not collected from 2 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

The CAMM is a 10 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 0(never true)-4 (always true). The 10 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 40, a higher score indicates higher levels of mindfulness

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=25 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=22 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Mindfulness as Measured by Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM)	25.92 score on a scale Standard Deviation 9.2	30.36 score on a scale Standard Deviation 9.39

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, immediately after intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline),3 months post intervention,6 months post intervention

Population: Data were not collected for this outcome measure because the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R) was not administered to participants. Instead, the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) was used to assess Mindfulness. As a result, no participants received the CAMS-R, and no data were collected for this outcome measure. Therefore, zero participants were analyzed for this outcome. Data from the CAMM are reported under a different outcome measure.

The CAMS-R is a 12-item measure and each item is scored from 1( rarely/not at all)-4(almost always). Higher values reflect greater mindful qualities

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey.

The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) total score ranges from 1 to 5, higher score indicating greater self compassion..

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=44 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=45 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Self-Compassion as Measured by Self-Compassion Scale (SCS)	3.06 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.47	3.21 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.44

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)

Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey. Data were not collected from 4 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) total score ranges from 1 to 5, higher score indicating greater self compassion.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=35 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=35 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Self-Compassion as Measured by Self-Compassion Scale (SCS)	3.11 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.60	3.05 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.33

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 3 months post intervention

Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey. Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) total score ranges from 1 to 5, higher score indicating greater self compassion.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=30 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=27 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Self-Compassion as Measured by Self-Compassion Scale (SCS)	3.20 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.60	3.15 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.37

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months post intervention

Population: Data were not collected from 2 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) total score ranges from 1 to 5, higher score indicating greater self compassion.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=25 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=22 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Self-Compassion as Measured by Self-Compassion Scale (SCS)	3.23 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.43	3.06 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.25

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey.

The PSS is a 10 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 0(never)-4(very often). The 10 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 40, higher score indicating a higher perceived stress.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=44 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=45 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Stress as Measured by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)	20.59 score on a scale Standard Deviation 5.51	18.31 score on a scale Standard Deviation 7.15

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)

Population: Data were not collected from 4 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

The PSS is a 10 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 0(never)-4(very often). The 10 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 40, higher score indicating a higher perceived stress.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=36 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=35 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Stress as Measured by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)	18.64 score on a scale Standard Deviation 6.2	17.97 score on a scale Standard Deviation 5.4

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 3 months post intervention

The PSS is a 10 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 0(never)-4(very often). The 10 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 40, higher score indicating a higher perceived stress.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=31 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=28 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Stress as Measured by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)	16.58 score on a scale Standard Deviation 4.97	18.07 score on a scale Standard Deviation 4.65

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months post intervention

Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

The PSS is a 10 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 0(never)-4(very often). The 10 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 40, higher score indicating a higher perceived stress.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=25 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=23 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Stress as Measured by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)	18.48 score on a scale Standard Deviation 4.64	18.65 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.92

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Population: This outcome measure includes only participants who were enrolled in the pilot trial.

Percentage of participants who met study eligibility criteria who enroll (provide informed consent) in the study

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=121 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Feasibility as Assessed by the Percentage of Participants Enrolled in the Study	90 Participants	—

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months post intervention

Number of participants who adhere to treatment is measured by the number of participants who attended at least 3 of 5 group sessions.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=45 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=45 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Feasibility as Assessed by the Number of Participants Who Adhere to Treatment	35 Participants	41 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 3 months post intervention

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=45 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=45 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Feasibility as Assessed by the Number of Participants Who Completed the 3 Months Follow up	31 Participants	28 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months post intervention

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=45 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=45 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Feasibility as Assessed by the Number of Participants Who Completed the 6 Months Follow up	25 Participants	24 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months post intervention

Population: Data were only collected from participants who completed the survey.

The Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ) was used to assess the acceptability of the intervention. All participants completed both subscales: the credibility subscale and the expectancy subscale. Each subscale total score ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater perceived acceptability. The expectancy subscale is reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=32 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=29 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Acceptability as Assessed by the Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire - Expectancy Subscale	7.05 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.28	6.09 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.74

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months post intervention

Population: Data were only collected from participants who completed the survey.

The Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ) was used to assess the acceptability of the intervention. All participants completed both subscales: the credibility subscale and the expectancy subscale. Each subscale total score ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater perceived acceptability. The credibility subscale is reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=32 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=29 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Acceptability as Assessed by the Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire - Credibility Subscale	7.56 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.53	6.53 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.22

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey.

The scale is a 8 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 1(strongly disagree)-6(strongly agree). The 8 items were added to generate a scale from, 8 to 48, a higher score indicating more connectedness to others.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=44 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=45 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Social Connectedness as Measured Social Connectedness Scale	30.36 score on a scale Standard Deviation 11.24	31.20 score on a scale Standard Deviation 12.54

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)

Population: Data were not collected from 4 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

The scale is a 8 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 1(strongly disagree)-6(strongly agree). The 8 items were added to generate a scale from, 8 to 48, a higher score indicating more connectedness to others.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=36 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=35 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Social Connectedness as Measured Social Connectedness Scale	27.64 score on a scale Standard Deviation 11.79	30.46 score on a scale Standard Deviation 11.07

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 3 months post intervention

Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey. Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

The scale is a 8 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 1(strongly disagree)-6(strongly agree). The 8 items were added to generate a scale from, 8 to 48, a higher score indicating more connectedness to others.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=30 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=27 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Social Connectedness as Measured Social Connectedness Scale	30.4 score on a scale Standard Deviation 12.13	31.59 score on a scale Standard Deviation 12.56

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months post intervention

Population: Data were not collected from 2 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

The scale is a 8 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 1(strongly disagree)-6(strongly agree). The 8 items were added to generate a scale from, 8 to 48, a higher score indicating more connectedness to others.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=25 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=22 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Social Connectedness as Measured Social Connectedness Scale	26.32 score on a scale Standard Deviation 10.69	32.26 score on a scale Standard Deviation 12.03

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, immediately after intervention (1day after baseline),3 months post intervention,6 months post intervention

Population: Data were not collected for this outcome measure because the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) was not administered to participants. Instead, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to assess Depression. As a result, no participants received the SMFQ, and no data were collected for this outcome measure. Therefore, zero participants were analyzed for this outcome. Data from the PHQ-9 are reported under a different outcome measure.

The scale is a 13 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 0(not true)-2(true),higher score indicating worse outcome

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, immediately after intervention (1day after baseline),3 months post intervention,6 months post intervention

Population: Data were not collected for this outcome measure because the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was not administered to participants. Instead, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Scale was used to assess Anxiety. As a result, no participants received the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and no data were collected for this outcome measure. Therefore, zero participants were analyzed for this outcome. Data from the GAD Scale are reported under a different outcome measure.

This scale is a 40 item questionnaire, each question is scored from 1(very much so)-4 (not at all), a higher score indicates a worse outcome

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Population: Data were not collected from 2 participants in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey.

The Psychological Vulnerability Scale is a 6 item questionnaire. Each item is scored from 1 (does not describe me at all) to 5 (describes me very well). The 6 items were added to generate a scale from 6 to 30, a higher score indicates more vulnerability.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=43 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=45 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Vulnerability as Measured by Psychological Vulnerability Scale	14.81 score on a scale Standard Deviation 5.1	13.16 score on a scale Standard Deviation 6.35

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)

Population: Data were not collected from 4 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

The Psychological Vulnerability Scale is a 6 item questionnaire. Each item is scored from 1 (does not describe me at all) to 5 (describes me very well). The 6 items were added to generate a scale from 6 to 30, a higher score indicates more vulnerability.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=36 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=35 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Vulnerability as Measured by Psychological Vulnerability Scale	13.92 score on a scale Standard Deviation 5.84	15.34 score on a scale Standard Deviation 5.79

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 3 months post intervention

Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey. Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

The Psychological Vulnerability Scale is a 6 item questionnaire. Each item is scored from 1 (does not describe me at all) to 5 (describes me very well). The 6 items were added to generate a scale from 6 to 30, a higher score indicates more vulnerability.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=30 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=27 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Vulnerability as Measured by Psychological Vulnerability Scale	12.57 score on a scale Standard Deviation 4.85	12.85 score on a scale Standard Deviation 6.67

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months post intervention

Population: Data were not collected from 2 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

The Psychological Vulnerability Scale is a 6 item questionnaire. Each item is scored from 1 (does not describe me at all) to 5 (describes me very well). The 6 items were added to generate a scale from 6 to 30, a higher score indicates more vulnerability.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=25 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=22 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Vulnerability as Measured by Psychological Vulnerability Scale	14.2 score on a scale Standard Deviation 6.96	12.27 score on a scale Standard Deviation 6.33

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, immediately after intervention (about 2-4 weeks after baseline),3 months post intervention,6 months post intervention

Population: Data were not collected for this outcome measure because the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) was not administered to participants. Instead, the Risk Propensity Scale was used to assess Risk Seeking. As a result, no participants received the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), and no data were collected for this outcome measure. Therefore, zero participants were analyzed for this outcome. Data from the Risk Propensity Scale are reported under a different outcome measure.

The Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) is a computerized measure of risk taking behavior. Each click causes the balloon to incrementally inflate and money to be added to a counter up until some threshold, at which point the balloon is over inflated and explodes. The primary score used to measure BART performance is the adjusted average number of pumps on unexploded balloons, with higher scores indicative of greater risk-taking propensity

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, immediately after intervention (1day after baseline),3 months post intervention,6 months post intervention

Population: Data were not collected for this outcome measure because the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) was not administered to participants. Instead, the PROMIS Item Bank v.1.0-Emotional Distress was used to assess Distress. As a result, no participants received the K10 , and no data were collected for this outcome measure. Therefore, zero participants were analyzed for this outcome. Data from the PROMIS Item Bank v.1.0-Emotional Distress are reported under a different outcome measure.

This is a 10-item questionnaire,each item is scored from 1(none of the time)-5(all of the time) for a total score ranging from 10-50 and a higher score indicating worse outcome

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Population: Data were not collected from 3 participants in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey. Data were not collected from 2 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

A single item question was used to assess this outcome. The item asked whether or not you ever had sexual intercourse. The number of participants who answered yes is reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=42 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=43 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Number of Participants Who Are Sexually Active	30 Participants	24 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)

Population: Data were not collected from 5 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

A single item question was used to assess this outcome. The item asked whether or not you ever had sexual intercourse. The number of participants who answered yes is reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=36 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=34 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Number of Participants Who Are Sexually Active	28 Participants	21 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 3 months post intervention

Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the question. Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the question.

A single item question was used to assess this outcome. The item asked whether or not you ever had sexual intercourse. The number of participants who answered yes is reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=30 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=27 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Number of Participants Who Are Sexually Active	18 Participants	18 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months post intervention

Population: Data were not collected from 3 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the question.

A single item question was used to assess this outcome. The item asked whether or not you ever had sexual intercourse. The number of participants who answered yes is reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=25 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=21 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Number of Participants Who Are Sexually Active	20 Participants	16 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

A single item question was used to assess this outcome. The item listed various drug substances and asked whether any of those listed had been used in their life. The number of participants who answered yes is reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=45 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=45 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Number of Participants Who Ever Used Drugs or Substances (Marijuana, Prescription Pain Medicine Without a Prescription, Synethic Marijuana, Cocaine, Inhalants, Heroin, Meth, Ecstasy, Injection Drugs)	35 Participants	34 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)

Population: Data were not collected from 3 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the question.

A single item question was used to assess this outcome. The item listed various drug substances and asked whether any of those listed had been used in their life. The number of participants who answered yes is reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=36 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=36 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Number of Participants Who Ever Used Drugs or Substances (Marijuana, Prescription Pain Medicine Without a Prescription, Synethic Marijuana, Cocaine, Inhalants, Heroin, Meth, Ecstasy, Injection Drugs)	29 Participants	28 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 3 months post intervention

Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the question. Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the question.

A single item question was used to assess this outcome. The item listed various drug substances and asked whether any of those listed had been used in their life. The number of participants who answered yes is reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=30 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=27 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Number of Participants Who Ever Used Drugs or Substances (Marijuana, Prescription Pain Medicine Without a Prescription, Synethic Marijuana, Cocaine, Inhalants, Heroin, Meth, Ecstasy, Injection Drugs)	22 Participants	20 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months post intervention

Population: Data were not collected from 2 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the question.

A single item question was used to assess this outcome. The item listed various drug substances and asked whether any of those listed had been used in their life. The number of participants who answered yes is reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=25 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=22 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Number of Participants Who Ever Used Drugs or Substances (Marijuana, Prescription Pain Medicine Without a Prescription, Synethic Marijuana, Cocaine, Inhalants, Heroin, Meth, Ecstasy, Injection Drugs)	19 Participants	17 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey.

The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a 9 item questionnaire. Each Item is scored from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The 9 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating more severe depression.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=44 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=45 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Depression as Measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)	8.23 score on a scale Standard Deviation 7.56	7.2 score on a scale Standard Deviation 6.47

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)

Population: Data were not collected from 4 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a 9 item questionnaire. Each Item is scored from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The 9 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating more severe depression.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=36 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=35 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Depression as Measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)	7.5 score on a scale Standard Deviation 7.06	8.97 score on a scale Standard Deviation 7.14

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 3 months post intervention

The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a 9 item questionnaire. Each Item is scored from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The 9 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating more severe depression.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=31 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=28 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Depression as Measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)	6.19 score on a scale Standard Deviation 5.9	7.57 score on a scale Standard Deviation 8.08

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months post intervention

Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a 9 item questionnaire. Each Item is scored from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The 9 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating more severe depression.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=25 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=23 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Depression as Measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)	9.52 score on a scale Standard Deviation 7.48	7.04 score on a scale Standard Deviation 6.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey.

The Anxiety as Measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) scale is a 7 item questionnaire. Each item is scored from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The 7 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater severity of symptoms of anxiety.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=44 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=45 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Anxiety as Measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Scale	6.82 score on a scale Standard Deviation 6.06	5.53 score on a scale Standard Deviation 5.86

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)

Population: Data were not collected from 4 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

The Anxiety as Measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) scale is a 7 item questionnaire. Each item is scored from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The 7 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater severity of symptoms of anxiety.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=36 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=35 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Anxiety as Measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Scale	6.81 score on a scale Standard Deviation 5.67	6.26 score on a scale Standard Deviation 5.96

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 3 months post intervention

The Anxiety as Measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) scale is a 7 item questionnaire. Each item is scored from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The 7 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater severity of symptoms of anxiety.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=31 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=28 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Anxiety as Measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Scale	5.68 score on a scale Standard Deviation 5.53	5.54 score on a scale Standard Deviation 6.17

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months post intervention

Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

The Anxiety as Measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) scale is a 7 item questionnaire. Each item is scored from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The 7 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater severity of symptoms of anxiety.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=25 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=23 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Anxiety as Measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Scale	8.04 score on a scale Standard Deviation 6.52	5.04 score on a scale Standard Deviation 4.74

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey.

The Promise item bank v.1.0- Emotional Distress 7 item questionnaire includes responses from 1 (never) to 5 (always). Total score ranges from 7 to 35, a higher score indicating higher emotional distress.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=44 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=45 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Distress as Measured by PROMIS Item Bank v.1.0-Emotional Distress	17.55 score on a scale Standard Deviation 7.84	14.69 score on a scale Standard Deviation 7.77

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)

Population: Data were not collected from 4 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

The Promise item bank v.1.0- Emotional Distress 7 item questionnaire includes responses from 1 (never) to 5 (always). Total score ranges from 7 to 35, a higher score indicating higher emotional distress.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=36 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=35 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Distress as Measured by PROMIS Item Bank v.1.0-Emotional Distress	16.44 score on a scale Standard Deviation 7.25	16.4 score on a scale Standard Deviation 7.96

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 3 months post intervention

The Promise item bank v.1.0- Emotional Distress 7 item questionnaire includes responses from 1 (never) to 5 (always). Total score ranges from 7 to 35, a higher score indicating higher emotional distress.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=31 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=28 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Distress as Measured by PROMIS Item Bank v.1.0-Emotional Distress	16.19 score on a scale Standard Deviation 6.99	15.86 score on a scale Standard Deviation 8.63

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months post intervention

Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

The Promise item bank v.1.0- Emotional Distress 7 item questionnaire includes responses from 1 (never) to 5 (always). Total score ranges from 7 to 35, a higher score indicating higher emotional distress.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=25 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=23 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Distress as Measured by PROMIS Item Bank v.1.0-Emotional Distress	17.76 score on a scale Standard Deviation 7.81	14.39 score on a scale Standard Deviation 6.81

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Population: Data were not collected from 2 participants in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey.

The Risk Propensity Scale is 7 items and total score ranges from 0 to 100, a higher score indicating greater risk taking.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=43 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=45 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Risk Seeking as Measured by Risk Propensity Scale.	39.08 score on a scale Standard Deviation 19.08	40.63 score on a scale Standard Deviation 14.82

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)

Population: Data were not collected from 2 participants in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey. Data were not collected from 7 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

The Risk Propensity Scale is 7 items and total score ranges from 0 to 100, a higher score indicating greater risk taking.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=34 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=32 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Risk Seeking as Measured by Risk Propensity Scale.	43.32 score on a scale Standard Deviation 14.72	43.36 score on a scale Standard Deviation 12.95

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 3 months post intervention

Population: Data were not collected from 3 participants in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey. Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

The Risk Propensity Scale is 7 items and total score ranges from 0 to 100, a higher score indicating greater risk taking.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=28 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=27 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Risk Seeking as Measured by Risk Propensity Scale.	44.43 score on a scale Standard Deviation 14.09	45.56 score on a scale Standard Deviation 9.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months post intervention

Population: Data were not collected from 4 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

The Risk Propensity Scale is 7 items and total score ranges from 0 to 100, a higher score indicating greater risk taking.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=25 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=20 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Risk Seeking as Measured by Risk Propensity Scale.	40.97 score on a scale Standard Deviation 11.57	46.35 score on a scale Standard Deviation 8.78

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey.

Executive Function as Measured by the 13 item Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI) total score ranges from 1 (true) to 3 (not true), higher score indicates better executive abilities.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=44 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=45 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Executive Function as Measured by the Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI)	2.03 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.27	2.17 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.42

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)

Population: Data were not collected from 4 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

Executive Function as Measured by the 13 item Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI) total score ranges from 1 (true) to 3 (not true), higher score indicates better executive abilities.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=36 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=35 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Executive Function as Measured by the Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI)	2.07 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.32	2.05 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.28

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 3 months post intervention

Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey. Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

Executive Function as Measured by the 13 item Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI) total score ranges from 1 (true) to 3 (not true), higher score indicates better executive abilities.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=30 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=27 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Executive Function as Measured by the Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI)	2.01 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.28	2.11 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.27

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months post intervention

Population: Data were not collected from 2 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

Executive Function as Measured by the 13 item Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI) total score ranges from 1 (true) to 3 (not true), higher score indicates better executive abilities.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=25 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=22 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Executive Function as Measured by the Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI)	2.04 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.29	2.05 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.33

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Population: Data were not collected from 6 participants in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey. Data were not collected from 6 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

PANAS-SF is a 20 item questionnaire, each item is scored from 1(very slightly or not at all)-5(extremely). Positive affect is measured by 10 items (items 1, 3, 5, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17, and 19) score ranges for 10-50 with higher scores indicating higher levels of positive effect. The Positive affect score is reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=39 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=39 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Positive Affect as Measured by Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS-SF)	31.95 score on a scale Standard Deviation 7.06	32.62 score on a scale Standard Deviation 12.4

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)

Population: Data were not collected from 4 participants in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey.

PANAS-SF is a 20 item questionnaire, each item is scored from 1(very slightly or not at all)-5(extremely). Positive affect is measured by 10 items (items 1, 3, 5, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17, and 19) score ranges for 10-50 with higher scores indicating higher levels of positive effect. The Positive affect score is reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=32 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=39 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Positive Affect as Measured by Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS-SF)	34.22 score on a scale Standard Deviation 9.55	31.49 score on a scale Standard Deviation 11.59

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Population: Data were not collected from 6 participants in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey. Data were not collected from 6 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.

PANAS-SF is a 20 item questionnaire, each item is scored from 1(very slightly or not at all)-5(extremely). Negative affect is measured by 10 items (items 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 15, 18, and 20) score ranges from 10-50, with lower scores indicating lower levels of negative effect. The negative affect score is reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=39 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=39 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Negative Affect as Measured by Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS-SF)	17.54 score on a scale Standard Deviation 7.84	18.1 score on a scale Standard Deviation 8.5

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)

Population: Data were not collected from 4 participants in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey.

PANAS-SF is a 20 item questionnaire, each item is scored from 1(very slightly or not at all)-5(extremely). Negative affect is measured by 10 items (items 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 15, 18, and 20) score ranges from 10-50, with lower scores indicating lower levels of negative effect. The negative affect score is reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Tailored MBI (.b) n=32 Participants tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.	Attention Control Condition n=39 Participants attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Negative Affect as Measured by Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS-SF)	17.88 score on a scale Standard Deviation 8.21	18.54 score on a scale Standard Deviation 9.78

Adverse Events

Tailored MBI (.b)

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Attention Control Condition

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Diane Santa Maria, DrPH

The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

Phone: 713-500-2187

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place