Trial Outcomes & Findings for Caregiving During Crisis (NCT NCT04939714)

NCT ID: NCT04939714

Last Updated: 2024-04-04

Results Overview

The CES-D is a 20-item self-report instrument asking respondents if they have experienced symptoms of depression during the past week. Responses are given on a scale of 0 to 3 where rarely is scored as 0 and most of the time is scored as 3. Total scores range from 0 to 60 and higher scores indicate greater symptoms of depression.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

100 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Baseline, Week 8

Results posted on

2024-04-04

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Psychoeducational Intervention Immediately
Caregivers receiving the psychoeducational intervention immediately.
Psychoeducational Intervention After Waiting Period
Caregivers receiving the psychoeducational intervention after a waiting period of 8 weeks.
Overall Study
STARTED
50
50
Overall Study
Completed Week 8 Assessment
38
38
Overall Study
COMPLETED
33
30
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
17
20

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Age is missing for one caregiver

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Psychoeducational Intervention Immediately
n=50 Participants
Caregivers receiving the psychoeducational intervention immediately.
Psychoeducational Intervention After Waiting Period
n=50 Participants
Caregivers receiving the psychoeducational intervention after a waiting period of 8 weeks.
Total
n=100 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
65.245 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.971 • n=49 Participants • Age is missing for one caregiver
63.800 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.772 • n=50 Participants • Age is missing for one caregiver
64.515 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.451 • n=99 Participants • Age is missing for one caregiver
Sex/Gender, Customized
Female
42 Participants
n=50 Participants
40 Participants
n=50 Participants
82 Participants
n=100 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized
Male
6 Participants
n=50 Participants
10 Participants
n=50 Participants
16 Participants
n=100 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized
Missing response
2 Participants
n=50 Participants
0 Participants
n=50 Participants
2 Participants
n=100 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
1 Participants
n=50 Participants
4 Participants
n=50 Participants
5 Participants
n=100 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
48 Participants
n=50 Participants
45 Participants
n=50 Participants
93 Participants
n=100 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
1 Participants
n=50 Participants
1 Participants
n=50 Participants
2 Participants
n=100 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
White
40 Participants
n=50 Participants
40 Participants
n=50 Participants
80 Participants
n=100 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
African American/Black
8 Participants
n=50 Participants
7 Participants
n=50 Participants
15 Participants
n=100 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Asian
1 Participants
n=50 Participants
1 Participants
n=50 Participants
2 Participants
n=100 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Other
0 Participants
n=50 Participants
1 Participants
n=50 Participants
1 Participants
n=100 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Missing response/did not wish to answer
1 Participants
n=50 Participants
1 Participants
n=50 Participants
2 Participants
n=100 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
50 Participants
n=50 Participants
50 Participants
n=50 Participants
100 Participants
n=100 Participants
Highest Education Level
High school/General Educational Development (GED) certificate
1 Participants
n=50 Participants
0 Participants
n=50 Participants
1 Participants
n=100 Participants
Highest Education Level
Some college
13 Participants
n=50 Participants
8 Participants
n=50 Participants
21 Participants
n=100 Participants
Highest Education Level
College graduate
14 Participants
n=50 Participants
16 Participants
n=50 Participants
30 Participants
n=100 Participants
Highest Education Level
Graduate degree
21 Participants
n=50 Participants
26 Participants
n=50 Participants
47 Participants
n=100 Participants
Highest Education Level
Missing response
1 Participants
n=50 Participants
0 Participants
n=50 Participants
1 Participants
n=100 Participants
Employed Outside of the Home
No
33 Participants
n=50 Participants
35 Participants
n=50 Participants
68 Participants
n=100 Participants
Employed Outside of the Home
Yes
16 Participants
n=50 Participants
15 Participants
n=50 Participants
31 Participants
n=100 Participants
Employed Outside of the Home
Missing response
1 Participants
n=50 Participants
0 Participants
n=50 Participants
1 Participants
n=100 Participants
Sexual Orientation
Bisexual
0 Participants
n=50 Participants
1 Participants
n=50 Participants
1 Participants
n=100 Participants
Sexual Orientation
Gay
0 Participants
n=50 Participants
0 Participants
n=50 Participants
0 Participants
n=100 Participants
Sexual Orientation
Lesbian
1 Participants
n=50 Participants
0 Participants
n=50 Participants
1 Participants
n=100 Participants
Sexual Orientation
Heterosexual
22 Participants
n=50 Participants
23 Participants
n=50 Participants
45 Participants
n=100 Participants
Sexual Orientation
Missing response
27 Participants
n=50 Participants
26 Participants
n=50 Participants
53 Participants
n=100 Participants
Geographic Area of Residence
Urban
17 Participants
n=50 Participants
15 Participants
n=50 Participants
32 Participants
n=100 Participants
Geographic Area of Residence
Suburban
22 Participants
n=50 Participants
30 Participants
n=50 Participants
52 Participants
n=100 Participants
Geographic Area of Residence
Rural
10 Participants
n=50 Participants
5 Participants
n=50 Participants
15 Participants
n=100 Participants
Geographic Area of Residence
Missing response
1 Participants
n=50 Participants
0 Participants
n=50 Participants
1 Participants
n=100 Participants
Care Provided for Spouse
No
25 Participants
n=50 Participants
27 Participants
n=50 Participants
52 Participants
n=100 Participants
Care Provided for Spouse
Yes
25 Participants
n=50 Participants
23 Participants
n=50 Participants
48 Participants
n=100 Participants
Age of Person Cared For
77.939 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.286 • n=49 Participants • Age is missing for one person receiving care
78.560 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.077 • n=50 Participants • Age is missing for one person receiving care
78.253 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.208 • n=99 Participants • Age is missing for one person receiving care
Reside in Same House as Person Receiving Care
No
9 Participants
n=50 Participants
12 Participants
n=50 Participants
21 Participants
n=100 Participants
Reside in Same House as Person Receiving Care
Yes
40 Participants
n=50 Participants
38 Participants
n=50 Participants
78 Participants
n=100 Participants
Reside in Same House as Person Receiving Care
Missing response
1 Participants
n=50 Participants
0 Participants
n=50 Participants
1 Participants
n=100 Participants
Person Cared for Diagnosed with Dementia
No
5 Participants
n=50 Participants
3 Participants
n=50 Participants
8 Participants
n=100 Participants
Person Cared for Diagnosed with Dementia
Yes
44 Participants
n=50 Participants
47 Participants
n=50 Participants
91 Participants
n=100 Participants
Person Cared for Diagnosed with Dementia
Missing response
1 Participants
n=50 Participants
0 Participants
n=50 Participants
1 Participants
n=100 Participants
Stage of Dementia of Person Cared For
Early Stage - A person may function independently but is having memory lapses
5 Participants
n=50 Participants
5 Participants
n=50 Participants
10 Participants
n=100 Participants
Stage of Dementia of Person Cared For
Middle Stage - greater difficulty performing tasks but still remembers significant life details
32 Participants
n=50 Participants
33 Participants
n=50 Participants
65 Participants
n=100 Participants
Stage of Dementia of Person Cared For
Late Stage - loses ability to respond with environment/needs extensive help with daily activities
7 Participants
n=50 Participants
9 Participants
n=50 Participants
16 Participants
n=100 Participants
Stage of Dementia of Person Cared For
No known diagnosis of dementia
6 Participants
n=50 Participants
3 Participants
n=50 Participants
9 Participants
n=100 Participants
Amount of Help From Friends and Family
A great deal of help
8 Participants
n=50 Participants
11 Participants
n=50 Participants
19 Participants
n=100 Participants
Amount of Help From Friends and Family
Some help
9 Participants
n=50 Participants
10 Participants
n=50 Participants
19 Participants
n=100 Participants
Amount of Help From Friends and Family
A little help
6 Participants
n=50 Participants
10 Participants
n=50 Participants
16 Participants
n=100 Participants
Amount of Help From Friends and Family
Not much help
2 Participants
n=50 Participants
2 Participants
n=50 Participants
4 Participants
n=100 Participants
Amount of Help From Friends and Family
Almost no help
0 Participants
n=50 Participants
1 Participants
n=50 Participants
1 Participants
n=100 Participants
Amount of Help From Friends and Family
Missing response
25 Participants
n=50 Participants
16 Participants
n=50 Participants
41 Participants
n=100 Participants
Amount of Strife
They have only been helpful
16 Participants
n=50 Participants
12 Participants
n=50 Participants
28 Participants
n=100 Participants
Amount of Strife
Hardly any problems
16 Participants
n=50 Participants
21 Participants
n=50 Participants
37 Participants
n=100 Participants
Amount of Strife
Occasional Strife
11 Participants
n=50 Participants
11 Participants
n=50 Participants
22 Participants
n=100 Participants
Amount of Strife
Some serious difficulties
6 Participants
n=50 Participants
2 Participants
n=50 Participants
8 Participants
n=100 Participants
Amount of Strife
A main source of difficulties
0 Participants
n=50 Participants
4 Participants
n=50 Participants
4 Participants
n=100 Participants
Amount of Strife
Missing response
1 Participants
n=50 Participants
0 Participants
n=50 Participants
1 Participants
n=100 Participants
Also Provide Care to Others
No
25 Participants
n=50 Participants
28 Participants
n=50 Participants
53 Participants
n=100 Participants
Also Provide Care to Others
Yes
24 Participants
n=50 Participants
22 Participants
n=50 Participants
46 Participants
n=100 Participants
Also Provide Care to Others
Missing response
1 Participants
n=50 Participants
0 Participants
n=50 Participants
1 Participants
n=100 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8

Population: This analysis includes participants who attended the indicated study visits.

The CES-D is a 20-item self-report instrument asking respondents if they have experienced symptoms of depression during the past week. Responses are given on a scale of 0 to 3 where rarely is scored as 0 and most of the time is scored as 3. Total scores range from 0 to 60 and higher scores indicate greater symptoms of depression.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Psychoeducational Intervention
n=50 Participants
Caregivers receiving the psychoeducational intervention immediately.
Waitlist Control Group
n=50 Participants
Caregivers on a waitlist to receive the psychoeducational intervention after a waiting period of 8 weeks.
Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression (CES-D) Scale Score
Baseline
11.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.8
11.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.0
Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression (CES-D) Scale Score
Week 8
10.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.7
14.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.6

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8

Population: This analysis includes participants who attended the indicated study visits and who provided complete information for the survey.

The STAI is a 20-item self-report scale of positive and negative anxiety experiences. Responses are given on a 4-point scale where 1 = not at all and 4 = very much so. Total scores range from 20 to 80 and higher scores indicate greater anxiety.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Psychoeducational Intervention
n=50 Participants
Caregivers receiving the psychoeducational intervention immediately.
Waitlist Control Group
n=50 Participants
Caregivers on a waitlist to receive the psychoeducational intervention after a waiting period of 8 weeks.
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Score
Baseline
29.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.5
33.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.1
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Score
Week 8
32.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.4
38.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.5

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8

Population: This analysis includes participants who attended the indicated study visits.

The Perceived Stress Scale includes 14 items assessing self-reported caregiving stress. Responses are given on a 5-point scale where 0 = never and 4 = very often. Total scores range from 0 to 56 and higher values indicate greater perceived stress.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Psychoeducational Intervention
n=50 Participants
Caregivers receiving the psychoeducational intervention immediately.
Waitlist Control Group
n=50 Participants
Caregivers on a waitlist to receive the psychoeducational intervention after a waiting period of 8 weeks.
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) Score
Baseline
22.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.9
22.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.3
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) Score
Week 8
21.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.1
23.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.1

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8

Population: This analysis includes participants who attended the indicated study visits and who provided complete information for the survey.

The RMBPC is a 24-item scale reporting on frequency of disturbing care recipient behaviors and severity or caregiver reactions to these behaviors. Respondents indicate how frequently problems have occurred on a 5-point scale where 0 = never occurred and 4 = daily or more often. Total frequency scores range from 0 to 96 with higher scores indicating greater frequency of memory and behavior problems exhibited by the person living with dementia (PLWD).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Psychoeducational Intervention
n=50 Participants
Caregivers receiving the psychoeducational intervention immediately.
Waitlist Control Group
n=50 Participants
Caregivers on a waitlist to receive the psychoeducational intervention after a waiting period of 8 weeks.
Revised Memory and Behavior Problem Checklist (RMBPC) Frequency Score
Baseline
39.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.0
40.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.4
Revised Memory and Behavior Problem Checklist (RMBPC) Frequency Score
Week 8
39.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.8
38.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.4

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8

Population: This analysis includes participants who attended the indicated study visits and who provided complete information for the survey.

The RMBPC is a 24-item scale reporting on frequency of disturbing care recipient behaviors and severity or caregiver reactions to these behaviors. Respondents indicate the degree to which problems have bothered or upset them on a 5-point scale where 0 = not at all and 4 = extremely. Total reaction scores range from 0 to 96 with higher scores indicating more bothered or upset by memory and behavior problems exhibited by the PLWD.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Psychoeducational Intervention
n=49 Participants
Caregivers receiving the psychoeducational intervention immediately.
Waitlist Control Group
n=50 Participants
Caregivers on a waitlist to receive the psychoeducational intervention after a waiting period of 8 weeks.
Revised Memory and Behavior Problem Checklist (RMBPC) Reaction Score
Week 8
14.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.0
16.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 14.1
Revised Memory and Behavior Problem Checklist (RMBPC) Reaction Score
Baseline
15.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.9
16.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.7

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8

Population: This analysis includes participants who attended the indicated study visits.

The Zarit Burden Interview is a 22-item scale of objective and subjective caregiver burden. Responses are given on a 5-point scale where 0 = never and 4 = nearly always. Total scores range from 0 to 88 where higher scores indicate greater feelings of being burdened with providing care.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Psychoeducational Intervention
n=50 Participants
Caregivers receiving the psychoeducational intervention immediately.
Waitlist Control Group
n=50 Participants
Caregivers on a waitlist to receive the psychoeducational intervention after a waiting period of 8 weeks.
Zarit Burden Interview Score
Baseline
33.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.6
37.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 14.1
Zarit Burden Interview Score
Week 8
33.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.1
39.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.2

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8

Population: This analysis includes participants who attended the indicated study visits.

The Caregiving Mastery instrument assesses caregiver mastery of 3 different realms of caregiving situations: Relational Deprivation, Caregiving Competence, and Management of Situation. The Caregiving Competence section includes 4 items are responded to on a 4-point scale where 1 = not at all and 4 = completely. Total scores range from 4 to 16 where higher scores indicate greater feelings of mastery of caregiving.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Psychoeducational Intervention
n=50 Participants
Caregivers receiving the psychoeducational intervention immediately.
Waitlist Control Group
n=50 Participants
Caregivers on a waitlist to receive the psychoeducational intervention after a waiting period of 8 weeks.
Caregiver Mastery Scales - Competency Score
Baseline
12.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.8
12.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.9
Caregiver Mastery Scales - Competency Score
Week 8
13.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.6
12.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.7

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8

Population: This analysis includes participants who attended the indicated study visits.

The Caregiver Assessment of Behavioral Skill - Self-report instrument is a 17-item caregiver self-assessment of perceived capacity to manage care situations. Responses are given on a 3-point scale where 0 = seldom true and 3 = true most of the time, for behaviors exhibited by or relevant to the PLWD. Total scores range from 0 to 51 where higher scores indicate perceived ability to manage providing care.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Psychoeducational Intervention
n=50 Participants
Caregivers receiving the psychoeducational intervention immediately.
Waitlist Control Group
n=50 Participants
Caregivers on a waitlist to receive the psychoeducational intervention after a waiting period of 8 weeks.
Caregiver Assessment of Behavioral Skill - Self-report Score
Baseline
14.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.9
15.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.7
Caregiver Assessment of Behavioral Skill - Self-report Score
Week 8
14.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.7
14.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.9

Adverse Events

Psychoeducational Intervention Immediately

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Psychoeducational Intervention After Waiting Period

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Carolyn Clevenger, DMP, APRN

Emory University

Phone: 404-712-2394

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place