Trial Outcomes & Findings for Resilience Training for First Responders in the Opioid Epidemic (NCT NCT04929613)

NCT ID: NCT04929613

Last Updated: 2024-01-30

Results Overview

The Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) is a 33-item scale of emotional intelligence. Items are rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), and 3 items are reverse scored, producing a score range from 33 to 165. All items are summed to create a total score, and higher scores indicate greater emotional intelligence.

• Recruitment status: COMPLETED
• Study phase: NA
• Target enrollment: 30 participants
• Primary outcome timeframe: Immediately following intervention
• Results posted on: 2024-01-30

Participant Flow

No subjects were excluded before assignment. Subjects lost 2 follow up were lost at varying times throughout the 2.5 day period. Mostly due to not showing up for the 2nd and 3rd dates.

Participant milestones

Measure	Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.
Overall Study STARTED	30
Overall Study COMPLETED	18
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	12

Reasons for withdrawal

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Overall Study Withdrawal by Subject

12

Baseline Characteristics

Resilience Training for First Responders in the Opioid Epidemic

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Measure	Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=30 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.
Age, Categorical <=18 years	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years	29 Participants n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical >=65 years	1 Participants n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	8 Participants n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	22 Participants n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino	30 Participants n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	1 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	1 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	28 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

The Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). It examines 5 key domains of mindfulness: observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience, and nonreactivity to inner experience. Scores range from 39 to 195, with higher scores indicating greater tendency to be mindful.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=30 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)

111.6 score on a scale Standard Deviation 13.2

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Immediately following intervention

The Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). It examines 5 key domains of mindfulness: observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience, and nonreactivity to inner experience. Scores range from 39 to 195, with higher scores indicating greater tendency to be mindful.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=23 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)

115.5 score on a scale Standard Deviation 12.8

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 30 days post intervention

Population: 10 subjects lost to follow up from baseline

The Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). It examines 5 key domains of mindfulness: observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience, and nonreactivity to inner experience. Scores range from 39 to 195, with higher scores indicating greater tendency to be mindful.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=20 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)

115.3 score on a scale Standard Deviation 10.1

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 90 days post intervention

Population: 12 subjects lost to follow up

The Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). It examines 5 key domains of mindfulness: observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience, and nonreactivity to inner experience. Scores range from 39 to 195, with higher scores indicating greater tendency to be mindful.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=18 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)

115.6 score on a scale Standard Deviation 12.5

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

The Mindfulness Process Questionnaire (MPQ) is an 8-item self-report measure that assesses the degree to which mindfulness is intentionally practiced or attempted and the ability to bring compassionate awareness to the present moment after observing the attention has drifted off or become judgmental. Items are scored on a Likert type scale ranging from "not at all characteristic of me" to "entirely characteristic of me," and total scores range from 8 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater engagement in mindfulness practices and skills.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=30 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Mindfulness Process Questionnaire (MPQ)

23.4 score on a scale Standard Deviation 4.9

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Immediately following intervention

The Mindfulness Process Questionnaire (MPQ) is an 8-item self-report measure that assesses the degree to which mindfulness is intentionally practiced or attempted and the ability to bring compassionate awareness to the present moment after observing the attention has drifted off or become judgmental. Items are scored on a Likert type scale ranging from "not at all characteristic of me" to "entirely characteristic of me," and total scores range from 8 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater engagement in mindfulness practices and skills.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=23 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Mindfulness Process Questionnaire (MPQ)

24.8 score on a scale Standard Deviation 14.1

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 30 days post intervention

Population: 10 subjects lost to follow up

The Mindfulness Process Questionnaire (MPQ) is an 8-item self-report measure that assesses the degree to which mindfulness is intentionally practiced or attempted and the ability to bring compassionate awareness to the present moment after observing the attention has drifted off or become judgmental. Items are scored on a Likert type scale ranging from "not at all characteristic of me" to "entirely characteristic of me," and total scores range from 8 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater engagement in mindfulness practices and skills.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=20 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Mindfulness Process Questionnaire (MPQ)

25.5 score on a scale Standard Deviation 3.6

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 90 days post intervention

Population: 12 subjects lost to follow up

The Mindfulness Process Questionnaire (MPQ) is an 8-item self-report measure that assesses the degree to which mindfulness is intentionally practiced or attempted and the ability to bring compassionate awareness to the present moment after observing the attention has drifted off or become judgmental. Items are scored on a Likert type scale ranging from "not at all characteristic of me" to "entirely characteristic of me," and total scores range from 8 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater engagement in mindfulness practices and skills.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=18 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Mindfulness Process Questionnaire (MPQ)

25.7 score on a scale Standard Deviation 4.1

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

The Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) (organizational [OPSQ]) is a 40-item questionnaire consisting of 2 subscales measuring operational stressors (20 job content items) and organizational stressors (20 job context items) on a Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (no stress at all) to 7 (a lot of stress) and resulting in a maximum score of 140; higher scores indicate greater stress.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=30 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Organizational Police Stress Questionnaire

66.9 score on a scale Standard Deviation 24.8

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Immediately following intervention

The Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) (organizational [OPSQ]) is a 40-item questionnaire consisting of 2 subscales measuring operational stressors (20 job content items) and organizational stressors (20 job context items) on a Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (no stress at all) to 7 (a lot of stress) and resulting in a maximum score of 140; higher scores indicate greater stress.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=23 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Organizational Police Stress Questionnaire

64.1 score on a scale Standard Deviation 25.0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 30 days post intervention

Population: 10 subjects lost to follow up

The Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) (organizational [OPSQ]) is a 40-item questionnaire consisting of 2 subscales measuring operational stressors (20 job content items) and organizational stressors (20 job context items) on a Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (no stress at all) to 7 (a lot of stress) and resulting in a maximum score of 140; higher scores indicate greater stress.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=20 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Organizational Police Stress Questionnaire

53.4 score on a scale Standard Deviation 22.7

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 90 days post intervention

Population: 12 subjects lost to follow up

The Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) (organizational [OPSQ]) is a 40-item questionnaire consisting of 2 subscales measuring operational stressors (20 job content items) and organizational stressors (20 job context items) on a Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (no stress at all) to 7 (a lot of stress) and resulting in a maximum score of 140; higher scores indicate greater stress.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=18 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Organizational Police Stress Questionnaire

57.6 score on a scale Standard Deviation 27.6

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

The Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) (Operational) is a 40-item questionnaire consisting of 2 subscales measuring operational stressors (20 job content items) and organizational stressors (20 job context items) on a Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (no stress at all) to 7 (a lot of stress) and resulting in a maximum score of 140; higher scores indicate greater stress.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=30 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Operational Police Stress Questionnaire

65.3 score on a scale Standard Deviation 27.0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Immediately following intervention

The Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) (Operational) is a 40-item questionnaire consisting of 2 subscales measuring operational stressors (20 job content items) and organizational stressors (20 job context items) on a Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (no stress at all) to 7 (a lot of stress) and resulting in a maximum score of 140; higher scores indicate greater stress.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=23 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Operational Police Stress Questionnaire

60.5 score on a scale Standard Deviation 19.6

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 30 days post intervention

Population: 10 subjects lost to follow up

The Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) (Operational) is a 40-item questionnaire consisting of 2 subscales measuring operational stressors (20 job content items) and organizational stressors (20 job context items) on a Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (no stress at all) to 7 (a lot of stress) and resulting in a maximum score of 140; higher scores indicate greater stress.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=20 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Operational Police Stress Questionnaire

50.6 score on a scale Standard Deviation 18.3

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 90 days post intervention

Population: 12 subjects lost to follow up

The Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) (Operational) is a 40-item questionnaire consisting of 2 subscales measuring operational stressors (20 job content items) and organizational stressors (20 job context items) on a Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (no stress at all) to 7 (a lot of stress) and resulting in a maximum score of 140; higher scores indicate greater stress.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=18 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Operational Police Stress Questionnaire

52.3 score on a scale Standard Deviation 24.9

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

The Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS) is a 4-item scale used to assess perceived stress in life situations. Responses are on a Likert-type scale ranging from "never" to "very often;" higher scores indicate greater perceived stress, with a minimum score of 0 and maximum score of 16.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=30 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)

8.5 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.5

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Immediately following intervention

The Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS) is a 4-item scale used to assess perceived stress in life situations. Responses are on a Likert-type scale ranging from "never" to "very often;" higher scores indicate greater perceived stress, with a minimum score of 0 and maximum score of 16.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=23 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)

9.2 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.1

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 30 days post intervention

Population: 10 Subjects lost to follow up

The Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS) is a 4-item scale used to assess perceived stress in life situations. Responses are on a Likert-type scale ranging from "never" to "very often;" higher scores indicate greater perceived stress, with a minimum score of 0 and maximum score of 16.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=20 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)

9.5 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.5

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 90 days post intervention

Population: 12 Subjects lost to follow up

The Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS) is a 4-item scale used to assess perceived stress in life situations. Responses are on a Likert-type scale ranging from "never" to "very often;" higher scores indicate greater perceived stress, with a minimum score of 0 and maximum score of 16.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=18 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)

8.8 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.5

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

The Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) is a 36-item measure that assesses clinically relevant difficulties in emotion regulation. Items range from 1 ("almost never") to 5 ("almost always), and the total score ranges from 36 to 180. Higher scores indicate greater difficulties with emotion regulation.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=30 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Emotional Regulation

84.4 score on a scale Standard Deviation 14.4

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Immediately following intervention

The Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) is a 36-item measure that assesses clinically relevant difficulties in emotion regulation. Items range from 1 ("almost never") to 5 ("almost always), and the total score ranges from 36 to 180. Higher scores indicate greater difficulties with emotion regulation.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=23 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Emotional Regulation

87.0 score on a scale Standard Deviation 16.9

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 30 days post intervention

Population: 10 Subjects lost to follow up

The Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) is a 36-item measure that assesses clinically relevant difficulties in emotion regulation. Items range from 1 ("almost never") to 5 ("almost always), and the total score ranges from 36 to 180. Higher scores indicate greater difficulties with emotion regulation.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=20 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Emotional Regulation

83.5 score on a scale Standard Deviation 11.0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 90 days post intervention

Population: 12 Subjects lost to follow up

The Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) is a 36-item measure that assesses clinically relevant difficulties in emotion regulation. Items range from 1 ("almost never") to 5 ("almost always), and the total score ranges from 36 to 180. Higher scores indicate greater difficulties with emotion regulation.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=18 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Emotional Regulation

77.8 score on a scale Standard Deviation 8.5

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

The Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) is a 33-item scale of emotional intelligence. Items are rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), and 3 items are reverse scored, producing a score range from 33 to 165. All items are summed to create a total score, and higher scores indicate greater emotional intelligence.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=30 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Emotional Intelligence Scale

115.5 score on a scale Standard Deviation 11.8

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Immediately following intervention

The Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) is a 33-item scale of emotional intelligence. Items are rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), and 3 items are reverse scored, producing a score range from 33 to 165. All items are summed to create a total score, and higher scores indicate greater emotional intelligence.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=23 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Emotional Intelligence Scale

116.0 score on a scale Standard Deviation 9.9

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 30 day post intervention

Population: 10 Subjects lost to follow up

The Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) is a 33-item scale of emotional intelligence. Items are rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), and 3 items are reverse scored, producing a score range from 33 to 165. All items are summed to create a total score, and higher scores indicate greater emotional intelligence.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=20 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Emotional Intelligence Scale

119.8 score on a scale Standard Deviation 9.9

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 90 days

Population: 12 Subjects lost to follow up

The Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) is a 33-item scale of emotional intelligence. Items are rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), and 3 items are reverse scored, producing a score range from 33 to 165. All items are summed to create a total score, and higher scores indicate greater emotional intelligence.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=18 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Emotional Intelligence Scale

120.6 score on a scale Standard Deviation 11.5

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) is a 6-item scale designed to assess the ability to recover from stress using a Likert scale, ranging from 1 ("strongly disagree") to 5 (strongly agree). Scores are summed, then divided by the total number of items, to produce a total score ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate greater resilience.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=30 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Brief Resilience Scale

2.9 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.3

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Immediately following intervention

The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) is a 6-item scale designed to assess the ability to recover from stress using a Likert scale, ranging from 1 ("strongly disagree") to 5 (strongly agree). Scores are summed, then divided by the total number of items, to produce a total score ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate greater resilience.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=23 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Brief Resilience Scale

2.9 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.3

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 30 days post intervention

Population: 10 Subjects lost to follow up

The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) is a 6-item scale designed to assess the ability to recover from stress using a Likert scale, ranging from 1 ("strongly disagree") to 5 (strongly agree). Scores are summed, then divided by the total number of items, to produce a total score ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate greater resilience.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=20 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Brief Resilience Scale

3.0 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.3

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 90 days post intervention

Population: 12 Subjects lost to follow up

The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) is a 6-item scale designed to assess the ability to recover from stress using a Likert scale, ranging from 1 ("strongly disagree") to 5 (strongly agree). Scores are summed, then divided by the total number of items, to produce a total score ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate greater resilience.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=18 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

Brief Resilience Scale

3.0 score on a scale Standard Deviation .2

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

The General Family Functioning Subscale (GFF) consists of 12 items. Respondents complete 12 items with a four-point response scale (1 = strongly agree, 4 = strongly disagree). A mean score is computed. Higher scores on the GFF indicate more problematic family functioning. The minimum score on the GFF is 12, and the maximum score is 48.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=30 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

General Family Functioning

34.6 score on a scale Standard Deviation 5.5

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Immediately following intervention

The General Family Functioning Subscale (GFF) consists of 12 items. Respondents complete 12 items with a four-point response scale (1 = strongly agree, 4 = strongly disagree). A mean score is computed. Higher scores on the GFF indicate more problematic family functioning. The minimum score on the GFF is 12, and the maximum score is 48.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=23 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

General Family Functioning

33.5 score on a scale Standard Deviation 5.6

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 30 days post intervention

Population: 10 Subjects lost to follow up

The General Family Functioning Subscale (GFF) consists of 12 items. Respondents complete 12 items with a four-point response scale (1 = strongly agree, 4 = strongly disagree). A mean score is computed. Higher scores on the GFF indicate more problematic family functioning. The minimum score on the GFF is 12, and the maximum score is 48.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=20 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

General Family Functioning

35.8 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.9

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 90 days post intervention

Population: 12 Subjects lost to follow up

The General Family Functioning Subscale (GFF) consists of 12 items. Respondents complete 12 items with a four-point response scale (1 = strongly agree, 4 = strongly disagree). A mean score is computed. Higher scores on the GFF indicate more problematic family functioning. The minimum score on the GFF is 12, and the maximum score is 48.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=18 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

General Family Functioning

35.8 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.9

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Sleep. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (Score range of 4-19) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=30 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

PROMIS Sleep

11.0 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Immediately following intervention

Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Sleep. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (Score range of 4-19) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=23 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

PROMIS Sleep

11.1 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.7

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 30 days post intervention

Population: 10 Subjects lost to follow up

Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Sleep. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (Score range of 4-19) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=20 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

PROMIS Sleep

11.0 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.3

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 90 days post intervention

Population: 12 Subjects lost to follow up

Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Sleep. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (Score range of 4-19) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=18 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

PROMIS Sleep

10.9 score on a scale Standard Deviation .9

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Health. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (Score Range 0-40) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=30 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

PROMIS Health

32.5 score on a scale Standard Deviation 4.1

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Immediately following intervention

Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Health. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (Score Range 0-40) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=23 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

PROMIS Health

32.5 score on a scale Standard Deviation 3.7

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 30 days post intervention

Population: 10 Subjects lost to follow up

Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Health. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (Score Range 0-40) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=20 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

PROMIS Health

33.1 score on a scale Standard Deviation 3.8

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 90 days post intervention

Population: 12 Subjects lost to follow up

Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Health. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (Score Range 0-40) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=18 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

PROMIS Health

33.3 score on a scale Standard Deviation 4.1

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Fatigue. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (score range 4-20) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=30 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

PROMIS Fatigue

10.9 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.5

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Immediately following intervention

Population: 7 Subjects lost to follow up

Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Fatigue. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (score range 4-20) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=23 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

PROMIS Fatigue

11.0 score on a scale Standard Deviation 3.2

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 30 days post intervention

Population: 10 Subjects lost to follow up

Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Fatigue. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (score range 4-20) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=20 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

PROMIS Fatigue

9.8 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.6

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 90 days post intervention

Population: 12 Subjects lost to follow up

Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Fatigue. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (score range 4-20) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=18 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

PROMIS Fatigue

8.9 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.3

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Anger. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (score range 5-25) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=30 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

PROMIS Anger

13.3 score on a scale Standard Deviation 4.5

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Immediately following intervention

Population: 7 Subjects lost to follow up

Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Anger. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (score range 5-25) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=23 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

PROMIS Anger

12.1 score on a scale Standard Deviation 4.3

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 30 days post intervention

Population: 10 Subjects lost to follow up

Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Anger. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (score range 5-25) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=20 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

PROMIS Anger

11.3 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.5

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 90 days post intervention

Population: 12 Subjects lost to follow up

Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Anger. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (score range 5-25) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity.

Outcome measures

Measure

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training n=18 Participants Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions.

PROMIS Anger

11.3 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.8

Adverse Events

Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Keith Zullig, PhD

West Virginia University

Phone: 304-293-1091

Email: kzullig@hsc.wvu.edu

Results disclosure agreements

• Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
• Publication restrictions are in place