Trial Outcomes & Findings for The Emotional, Physical and Cognitive Benefits of Purposeful Green Space Activities on Seniors (NCT NCT04913363)

Results Overview

Loneliness was measured by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale, a 3-item scale that captures feelings of loneliness. Scores range from 3 to 9 with higher scores indicating higher levels of perceived loneliness

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

24 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Pre activity

Results posted on

2024-10-10

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Citizen Science + Walking + Planting Participants who completed all three interventions, in this order. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Walking Participants who completed Citizen Science + Walking, in this order. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Planting Participants who completed Citizen Science and Planting, in this order. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science Participants completed Citizen Science only. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Green space: Green space in which activities take place.	Walking Participants Complete Walking Only Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Planting Participants completed Planting only. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place
Overall Study STARTED	12	1	1	3	5	2
Overall Study COMPLETED	12	1	1	3	5	2
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	0	0	0	0	0	0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

The Emotional, Physical and Cognitive Benefits of Purposeful Green Space Activities on Seniors

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	Citizen Science + Walking + Planting n=12 Participants Participants who completed all three interventions. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Walking n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science + Walking Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Planting n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science and Planting. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science n=3 Participants Participants completed Citizen Science only. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Green space: Green space in which activities take place.	Walking n=5 Participants Participants Complete Walking Only Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Planting n=2 Participants Participants completed Planting only. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Total n=24 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical <=18 years	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=21 Participants	0 Participants n=8 Participants	0 Participants n=8 Participants
Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=21 Participants	0 Participants n=8 Participants	0 Participants n=8 Participants
Age, Categorical >=65 years	12 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=7 Participants	1 Participants n=5 Participants	3 Participants n=4 Participants	5 Participants n=21 Participants	2 Participants n=8 Participants	24 Participants n=8 Participants
Age, Continuous	70.16 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.85 • n=5 Participants	74.0 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 0 • n=7 Participants	72 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 0 • n=5 Participants	78.3 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.29 • n=4 Participants	74 years STANDARD_DEVIATION .63 • n=21 Participants	75 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9 • n=8 Participants	72.62 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.60 • n=8 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	8 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=7 Participants	1 Participants n=5 Participants	3 Participants n=4 Participants	2 Participants n=21 Participants	1 Participants n=8 Participants	16 Participants n=8 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	4 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	3 Participants n=21 Participants	1 Participants n=8 Participants	8 Participants n=8 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=21 Participants	0 Participants n=8 Participants	0 Participants n=8 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino	10 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=7 Participants	1 Participants n=5 Participants	2 Participants n=4 Participants	4 Participants n=21 Participants	1 Participants n=8 Participants	19 Participants n=8 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	2 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=4 Participants	1 Participants n=21 Participants	1 Participants n=8 Participants	5 Participants n=8 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=21 Participants	0 Participants n=8 Participants	0 Participants n=8 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=21 Participants	0 Participants n=8 Participants	0 Participants n=8 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=21 Participants	0 Participants n=8 Participants	0 Participants n=8 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	2 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=21 Participants	1 Participants n=8 Participants	3 Participants n=8 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	12 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=7 Participants	1 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=4 Participants	5 Participants n=21 Participants	1 Participants n=8 Participants	21 Participants n=8 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=21 Participants	0 Participants n=8 Participants	0 Participants n=8 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=21 Participants	0 Participants n=8 Participants	0 Participants n=8 Participants
Region of Enrollment United States	12 participants n=5 Participants	1 participants n=7 Participants	1 participants n=5 Participants	3 participants n=4 Participants	5 participants n=21 Participants	2 participants n=8 Participants	24 participants n=8 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Pre activity

Population: Only 2 (of 3) participants from the Citizen Science group completed the UCLA scale.

Loneliness was measured by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale, a 3-item scale that captures feelings of loneliness. Scores range from 3 to 9 with higher scores indicating higher levels of perceived loneliness

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Citizen Science + Walking + Planting n=12 Participants Participants who completed all three interventions. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take placece in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Walking n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science + Walking Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Planting n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science and Planting. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science n=2 Participants Participants completed Citizen Science only. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Green space: Green space in which activities take place.	Walking n=5 Participants Participants Complete Walking Only Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Planting n=2 Participants Participants completed Planting only. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place
Loneliness (Time 1)	4.08 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.084	5 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	3 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	3 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	3.6 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0.894	3 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Post activity (20 minutes after pre-activity measure)

Loneliness was measured by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale, a 3-item scale that captures feelings of loneliness. Scores range from 3 to 9 with higher scores indicating higher levels of perceived loneliness

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Citizen Science + Walking + Planting n=12 Participants Participants who completed all three interventions. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take placece in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Walking n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science + Walking Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Planting n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science and Planting. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science n=3 Participants Participants completed Citizen Science only. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Green space: Green space in which activities take place.	Walking n=5 Participants Participants Complete Walking Only Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Planting n=2 Participants Participants completed Planting only. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place
Loneliness (Time 2)	4.25 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.357	5 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	3 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	4.33 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.309	3.4 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0.894	3 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Pre activity

Population: Only 2 (of 3) participants from the Citizen Science group completed the GBS.

Social Isolation was measured by the General Belonging Scale (GBS), a 12-item scale capturing social acceptance/inclusion and social rejection/exclusion. Scores will range from 12 to 84, with higher scores indicating higher levels of perceived belonging.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Citizen Science + Walking + Planting n=12 Participants Participants who completed all three interventions. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take placece in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Walking n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science + Walking Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Planting n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science and Planting. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science n=2 Participants Participants completed Citizen Science only. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Green space: Green space in which activities take place.	Walking n=5 Participants Participants Complete Walking Only Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Planting n=2 Participants Participants completed Planting only. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place
Social Isolation (Time 1)	71.42 units on a scale Standard Deviation 12.894	56 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	83 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	74 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.828	70.4 units on a scale Standard Deviation 13.24	79 units on a scale Standard Deviation 7.071

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Post activity (20 minutes after pre-activity measure)

Population: Only 4 (of 5) participants from the Walking group completed the GBS measure.

Social Isolation was measured by the General Belonging Scale (GBS), a 12-item scale capturing social acceptance/inclusion and social rejection/exclusion. Scores will range from 12 to 84, with higher scores indicating higher levels of perceived belonging.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Citizen Science + Walking + Planting n=12 Participants Participants who completed all three interventions. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take placece in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Walking n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science + Walking Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Planting n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science and Planting. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science n=3 Participants Participants completed Citizen Science only. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Green space: Green space in which activities take place.	Walking n=4 Participants Participants Complete Walking Only Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Planting n=2 Participants Participants completed Planting only. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place
Social Isolation (Time 2)	72.18 units on a scale Standard Deviation 13.121	51 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	84 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	65 units on a scale Standard Deviation 4.583	67.75 units on a scale Standard Deviation 17.481	79.5 units on a scale Standard Deviation 6.364

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Pre activity

Population: For the Citizen Science group, only 2 (of 3) participants completed the measure

Pre measures of mood (hedonic tone) was taken using the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology (UWIST) Mood Adjective Checklist (MACL), an average measure of hedonic tone. The subscale will range from 4 to 16, with higher scores indicating higher valence.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Citizen Science + Walking + Planting n=12 Participants Participants who completed all three interventions. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take placece in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Walking n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science + Walking Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Planting n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science and Planting. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science n=2 Participants Participants completed Citizen Science only. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Green space: Green space in which activities take place.	Walking n=5 Participants Participants Complete Walking Only Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Planting n=2 Participants Participants completed Planting only. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place
Mood_hedonic Tone (Time 1)	14.92 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.975	14 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	16 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	12.5 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0.707	13.6 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.191	14 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.828

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Post activity (20 minutes after pre-activity measure)

Population: For the CS+Walking+Planting group, only 11 (of 12) participants completed the measure. For the Citizen Science group, only 2 (of 3) participants completed the measure.

Post measures of (hedonic tone) was taken using the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology (UWIST) Mood Adjective Checklist (MACL), an average measure of hedonic tone. The subscale will range from 4 to 16, with higher scores indicating higher valence.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Citizen Science + Walking + Planting n=11 Participants Participants who completed all three interventions. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take placece in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Walking n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science + Walking Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Planting n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science and Planting. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science n=2 Participants Participants completed Citizen Science only. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Green space: Green space in which activities take place.	Walking n=5 Participants Participants Complete Walking Only Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Planting n=2 Participants Participants completed Planting only. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place
Mood_hedonic Tone (Time 2)	15.27 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.489	16 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	16 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	14.5 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.121	15.2 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.304	14.5 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.121

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Post activity (20 minutes after pre-activity measure). This measure is a post-condition measure only that measures restoration as a result of the condition. This cannot be done before exposure to the condition.

Population: For the CS+Walking+Planting group, only 11 (of 12) participants completed the measure.

Psychological restorative qualities of the setting was measured by the Perceived Restorativeness Scale, a three point scale determining the restorative quality of activity spaces. Scores range from 4 to 28, with higher scores indicating higher levels of perceived restoration.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Citizen Science + Walking + Planting n=11 Participants Participants who completed all three interventions. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take placece in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Walking n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science + Walking Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Planting n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science and Planting. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science n=3 Participants Participants completed Citizen Science only. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Green space: Green space in which activities take place.	Walking n=5 Participants Participants Complete Walking Only Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Planting n=2 Participants Participants completed Planting only. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place
Well Aging_ Using Perceived Restorativeness Scale	26.55 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.207	24 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	28 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	24.67 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.512	25.4 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.881	27 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Post activity (20 minutes after pre-activity measure). OMNIT is administered post-activity ONLY.

Population: For the CS+Walking+Planting group, only 11 (of 12) participants completed the measure.

In addition to the arousal measure of the MACL, the investigators used the 11 point scale (from 0 to 10) of the OMNIT Perceived Exertion scale (tiredness), to understand how physically tired the activities made them. Lower scores indicate the tasks are easy; higher scores indicate the tasks are hard.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Citizen Science + Walking + Planting n=11 Participants Participants who completed all three interventions. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take placece in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Walking n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science + Walking Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Planting n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science and Planting. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science n=3 Participants Participants completed Citizen Science only. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Green space: Green space in which activities take place.	Walking n=5 Participants Participants Complete Walking Only Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Planting n=2 Participants Participants completed Planting only. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place
Physical Activity_OMNIT	0.73 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0.786	5 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	0 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	0.67 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0.577	1.2 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.095	0.5 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0.707

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Post activity (20 minutes after pre-activity measure). OMNIH is administered post-activity ONLY.

Population: For the CS+Walking+Planting group, only 11 (of 12) participants completed the measure.

In addition to the arousal measure of the MACL, the investigators used the 11 point scale (from 0 to 10) of the OMNIH Perceived Exertion scale (exertion), to understand how much perceived physical effort participants put in. Lower scores indicate the tasks are easy; higher scores indicate the tasks are hard.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Citizen Science + Walking + Planting n=11 Participants Participants who completed all three interventions. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take placece in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Walking n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science + Walking Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Planting n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science and Planting. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science n=3 Participants Participants completed Citizen Science only. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Green space: Green space in which activities take place.	Walking n=5 Participants Participants Complete Walking Only Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Planting n=2 Participants Participants completed Planting only. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place
Physical Activity_OMNIH	0.91 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0.944	6 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	2 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	1 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	1.6 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.14	1.5 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0.707

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Pre activity

Population: For the Citizen Science group,, only 2 (of 3) participants completed the measure.

Pre measures of mood (stress) was taken using the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology (UWIST) Mood Adjective Checklist (MACL), an average measure of stress. The subscale will range from 4 to 16, with higher scores indicating higher stress.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Citizen Science + Walking + Planting n=12 Participants Participants who completed all three interventions. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take placece in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Walking n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science + Walking Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Planting n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science and Planting. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science n=2 Participants Participants completed Citizen Science only. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Green space: Green space in which activities take place.	Walking n=5 Participants Participants Complete Walking Only Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Planting n=2 Participants Participants completed Planting only. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place
Mood_Stress (Time 1)	5.42 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.065	11 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	4 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	4 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	7.6 units on a scale Standard Deviation 4.099	7 units on a scale Standard Deviation 4.243

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Post activity (20 minutes after pre-activity measure)

Population: For the CS+Walking+Planting group, only 11 (of 12) participants completed the measure. For the CS group, only 2 (of 3) participants completed the measure..

Post measures of mood (stress) was taken using the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology (UWIST) Mood Adjective Checklist (MACL), an average measure of stress. The subscale will range from 4 to 16, with higher scores indicating higher stress.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Citizen Science + Walking + Planting n=11 Participants Participants who completed all three interventions. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take placece in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Walking n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science + Walking Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Planting n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science and Planting. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science n=2 Participants Participants completed Citizen Science only. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Green space: Green space in which activities take place.	Walking n=5 Participants Participants Complete Walking Only Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Planting n=2 Participants Participants completed Planting only. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place
Mood_Stress (Time 2)	4.55 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.036	4 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	4 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	4 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	5.2 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.789	5.5 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.121

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Pre activity

Population: For the Citizen Science group, only 2 (of 3) participants completed the measure.

Pre measures of mood (arousal) was taken using the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology (UWIST) Mood Adjective Checklist (MACL), an average measure of arousal. The subscale will range from 4 to 16, with higher scores indicating higher arousal.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Citizen Science + Walking + Planting n=12 Participants Participants who completed all three interventions. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take placece in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Walking n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science + Walking Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Planting n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science and Planting. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science n=2 Participants Participants completed Citizen Science only. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Green space: Green space in which activities take place.	Walking n=5 Participants Participants Complete Walking Only Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Planting n=2 Participants Participants completed Planting only. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place
Mood_arousal (Time 1)	14.5 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.236	15 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	16 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	16 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	14 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.55	12.5 units on a scale Standard Deviation 4.95

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Post activity (20 minutes after pre-activity measure)

Population: For the CS+Walking+Planting group, only 11 (of 12) participants completed the measure. For the CS group, only 2 (of 3) participants completed the measure..

Post measures of mood (arousal) was taken using the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology (UWIST) Mood Adjective Checklist (MACL), an average measure of arousal. The subscale will range from 4 to 16, with higher scores indicating higher arousal.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Citizen Science + Walking + Planting n=11 Participants Participants who completed all three interventions. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take placece in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Walking n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science + Walking Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science + Planting n=1 Participants Participants who completed Citizen Science and Planting. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Citizen Science n=2 Participants Participants completed Citizen Science only. Citizen Science: This cerebral activity sees users engage with local green spaces, under the instruction of a citizen scientist, to learn about the intricacies of the space. This may include lichen counts (or similar) where the main outcome is learning based. Green space: Green space in which activities take place.	Walking n=5 Participants Participants Complete Walking Only Walking: This contemplative activity will see users taken to a local green space area near their center and encouraged to walk around the space. It is anticipated walks will last around 15-20 minutes. Green space: Green space in which activities take place	Planting n=2 Participants Participants completed Planting only. Planting: This physical activity will see users, lead by a local Master Gardener, engage with planting vegetables/fruit in raised beds. Not only will this allow users a chance to engage physically with nature, but it is anticipated that the grown produce will be used for center users. Green space: Green space in which activities take place
Mood_arousal (Time 2)	14.64 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.748	16 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	16 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0	15 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.414	14.6 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.673	13.5 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.536

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Throughout activity (measure taken for 20 minutes)

Population: Upon downloading the accelerometer data, we identified technical errors in the recording process. Several accelerometers failed to capture any data, while others recorded data inconsistently, with significant gaps. Due to the incomplete and unreliable nature of the recordings, we determined that the data could NOT be used for analysis. Providing the recorded data will be highly misleading.

Mobility Limitation was determined using accelerometers to measure participant movement throughout the activities to correlate with physical activity measures.

Outcome measures

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Jennifer Roe

University of Virginia

Phone: 434-982-4567

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place