Post-operative Course of Dexamethasone to Reduce Tonsillectomy Morbidity

NCT ID: NCT04879823

Last Updated: 2024-09-05

Study Results

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

TERMINATED

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

222 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2021-08-05

Study Completion Date

2023-07-11

Brief Summary

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The goal of this study is determine if an oral systemic course of steroids is a safe and effective option in lowering pain and complications following adenotonsillectomy in various pediatric age groups. A double blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of steroids (dexamethasone) versus placebo postoperatively will be performed. Investigators will determine if there is a difference in post-operative pain and complications between groups.

Detailed Description

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Purpose: To determine if post-operative dexamethasone is a safe and effective option in the reduction of post-operative pain and morbidity following adenotonsillectomy in various pediatric age groups.

Methods: The subject population will be patients between the ages of 3 and 17 who will undergo adenotonsillectomy. The study will consist of two double-blinded arms - patients receiving a course of oral dexamethasone (doses on post-operative days 2, 4, and 6; 0.5 mg/kg; max dose: 20 mg) in addition to standard pain control regimen and patients receiving an oral placebo course in addition to standard pain control regimen. In the diary they will receive, patients or caregivers will record when specific pain medications were taken each day, a symptoms survey, and pain ratings measured by the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. Patients are able to return their diary at a post-operative appointment at CHP Main, through email by scanning the diary or taking pictures with their phone, or through mailing in the survey in a pre-stamped envelope. Demographic information such as age, race, gender, and household income will be extracted from the diary and the electronic medical record. Information such as surgical technique, concurrent operations, post-operative pain prescription (types, weight based dosage, and total days prescribed) will be extracted from the electronic medical record and recorded as well. Outcomes measured will include pain scale rating and rates of complications between the two groups.

Significance: If it can be demonstrated that dexamethasone after adenotonsillectomy can reduce pain, complications, or need for opioid analgesics without appreciable side effects, a strong argument can be made for the addition of this inexpensive medication to routine post-operative adenotonsillectomy care. This would help with limiting the burden of clinical course of tonsillectomy.

The primary and secondary outcome measures were refined prior to analysis. Originally, the primary outcome measure was "average pain burden" defined as "average pain over 14 post-operative days before and after medications." However, study medication was not administered until day 2, and the power analysis was based on a study by Palme et al (2000) that compared mean pain ratings on postoperative days 2-8. Therefore, the primary outcome was revised to "average pain over 2-8 post-operative days before medications." Average pain over 2-8 post-operative after medications was added as a secondary outcome. The original primary outcome combined analysis of pain before and after medication into one measure. However, pain scores were more commonly reported prior to medication than after. Due to missing post-medication scores, it was determined that the analysis would be more appropriately conducted separately for pain scores before and after medication.

Conditions

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Adenotonsillectomy Analgesia Surgery

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Double blind placebo controlled randomized clinical trial
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

QUADRUPLE

Participants Caregivers Investigators Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Dexamethasone

IV Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate will be prescribed orally at a dose of 0.5mg/kg with a max dose of 20mg to be taken the morning of days 2, 4, and 6 post-operatively. The Dexamethasone will be mixed by the parents with 5mL of pre-packaged cherry syrup.

Patients will also receive acetaminophen and ibuprofen. Acetaminophen will be prescribed at 15mg/kg to be taken every 4 hours for the first three days, except when sleeping. Ibuprofen will be prescribed at 10 mg/kg to be taken every 6 hours for the first three post-operative days.

Patients and parents/caregivers will be asked to complete a pain diary which will be used to determine the level of pain control achieved with this regimen. Families will also be asked daily to check symptoms that were experienced by the child and their child's current comfortable diet. The diary will be completed by post-operative day 14. The diary will be returned via email, mail, or a post-operative appointment at the main hospital.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Dexamethasone

Intervention Type DRUG

IV Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate will be prescribed orally at a dose of 0.5mg/kg with a max dose of 20mg to be taken the morning of days 2, 4, and 6 post-operatively. The Dexamethasone will be mixed by the parents with 5mL of pre-packaged cherry syrup

Ibuprofen

Intervention Type DRUG

Ibuprofen will be prescribed at 10 mg/kg to be taken every 6 hours for the first three post-operative days. After the first three days, the subject should take the ibuprofen every 6 hours as needed for pain control. The daily dose of ibuprofen is not to exceed 1200mg or more than 4 individual doses. It will be prescribed in liquid suspension form for ease of use in pediatric populations. Subjects or parents will purchase this medication and dosage will be given to subjects in easy-to-understand language.

Acetaminophen

Intervention Type DRUG

Acetaminophen will be prescribed at 15mg/kg to be taken every 4 hours for the first three days, except when sleeping. After the first three days, the subject should take the acetaminophen every 4 hours as needed for pain control. The daily dose of acetaminophen is not to exceed 5 doses in 24 hours. It will be prescribed in liquid suspension form for ease of use in pediatric populations. Subjects or parents will purchase this medication and dosage will be given to subjects in easy-to-understand language.

Placebo

An equal volume of water will be prescribed to patients (0.5mg/kg) with a max dose of 20mg to be taken the morning of days 2, 4, and 6 post-operatively. The placebo (water) will be mixed by the parents with 5mL of pre-packaged cherry syrup.

Patients will also receive acetaminophen and ibuprofen. Acetaminophen will be prescribed at 15mg/kg to be taken every 4 hours for the first three days, except when sleeping. Ibuprofen will be prescribed at 10 mg/kg to be taken every 6 hours for the first three post-operative days.

Patients and parents/caregivers will be asked to complete a pain diary which will be used to determine the level of pain control achieved with this regimen. Families will also be asked daily to check symptoms that were experienced by the child and their child's current comfortable diet. The diary will be completed by post-operative day 14. The diary will be returned via email, mail, or a post-operative appointment at the main hospital.

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Ibuprofen

Intervention Type DRUG

Ibuprofen will be prescribed at 10 mg/kg to be taken every 6 hours for the first three post-operative days. After the first three days, the subject should take the ibuprofen every 6 hours as needed for pain control. The daily dose of ibuprofen is not to exceed 1200mg or more than 4 individual doses. It will be prescribed in liquid suspension form for ease of use in pediatric populations. Subjects or parents will purchase this medication and dosage will be given to subjects in easy-to-understand language.

Acetaminophen

Intervention Type DRUG

Acetaminophen will be prescribed at 15mg/kg to be taken every 4 hours for the first three days, except when sleeping. After the first three days, the subject should take the acetaminophen every 4 hours as needed for pain control. The daily dose of acetaminophen is not to exceed 5 doses in 24 hours. It will be prescribed in liquid suspension form for ease of use in pediatric populations. Subjects or parents will purchase this medication and dosage will be given to subjects in easy-to-understand language.

Placebo

Intervention Type DRUG

An equal volume of water will be prescribed to patients (0.5mg/kg) with a max dose of 20mg to be taken the morning of days 2, 4, and 6 post-operatively. The placebo (water) will be mixed by the parents with 5mL of pre-packaged cherry syrup.

Interventions

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Dexamethasone

IV Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate will be prescribed orally at a dose of 0.5mg/kg with a max dose of 20mg to be taken the morning of days 2, 4, and 6 post-operatively. The Dexamethasone will be mixed by the parents with 5mL of pre-packaged cherry syrup

Intervention Type DRUG

Ibuprofen

Ibuprofen will be prescribed at 10 mg/kg to be taken every 6 hours for the first three post-operative days. After the first three days, the subject should take the ibuprofen every 6 hours as needed for pain control. The daily dose of ibuprofen is not to exceed 1200mg or more than 4 individual doses. It will be prescribed in liquid suspension form for ease of use in pediatric populations. Subjects or parents will purchase this medication and dosage will be given to subjects in easy-to-understand language.

Intervention Type DRUG

Acetaminophen

Acetaminophen will be prescribed at 15mg/kg to be taken every 4 hours for the first three days, except when sleeping. After the first three days, the subject should take the acetaminophen every 4 hours as needed for pain control. The daily dose of acetaminophen is not to exceed 5 doses in 24 hours. It will be prescribed in liquid suspension form for ease of use in pediatric populations. Subjects or parents will purchase this medication and dosage will be given to subjects in easy-to-understand language.

Intervention Type DRUG

Placebo

An equal volume of water will be prescribed to patients (0.5mg/kg) with a max dose of 20mg to be taken the morning of days 2, 4, and 6 post-operatively. The placebo (water) will be mixed by the parents with 5mL of pre-packaged cherry syrup.

Intervention Type DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

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Exclusion Criteria

* Patients with Down syndrome
* Patients with a history of coagulopathy
* Patients with craniofacial abnormalities other than plagiocephaly or submucous cleft palate (SMCP)
* Caregivers who cannot speak, read, or write in English proficiently
* Patients who take systemic corticosteroids during the enrollment period
* Patients who take opioids during the enrollment period
* Patients who take chronic opioids
* Patients who are pregnant
* Patients with allergy to or contraindication for taking any of the study medications
* Patients who have the inability to communicate
* Patients who have the inability to localize pain
* Patients who have type 1 diabetes
* Patients who have type 2 diabetes
Minimum Eligible Age

3 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

17 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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David Chi, MD

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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David Chi, MD

Associate Professor

Responsibility Role SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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David H. Chi, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Clinical Director, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh

Locations

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UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Children's Hospital North Surgery Center

Sewickley, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Gerbershagen HJ, Aduckathil S, van Wijck AJ, Peelen LM, Kalkman CJ, Meissner W. Pain intensity on the first day after surgery: a prospective cohort study comparing 179 surgical procedures. Anesthesiology. 2013 Apr;118(4):934-44. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31828866b3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23392233 (View on PubMed)

Whelan RL, McCoy J, Mirson L, Chi DH. Opioid prescription and postoperative outcomes in pediatric patients. Laryngoscope. 2019 Jun;129(6):1477-1481. doi: 10.1002/lary.27614. Epub 2018 Dec 26.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30585626 (View on PubMed)

Borgstrom A, Nerfeldt P, Friberg D. Postoperative pain and bleeding after adenotonsillectomy versus adenotonsillotomy in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: an RCT. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2019 Nov;276(11):3231-3238. doi: 10.1007/s00405-019-05571-w. Epub 2019 Aug 3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31377901 (View on PubMed)

Titirungruang C, Seresirikachorn K, Kasemsuwan P, Hirunwiwatkul P. The use of steroids to reduce complications after tonsillectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2019 Feb;276(2):585-604. doi: 10.1007/s00405-018-5202-2. Epub 2018 Nov 17.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30448929 (View on PubMed)

Macassey E, Dawes P, Taylor B, Gray A. The effect of a postoperative course of oral prednisone on postoperative morbidity following childhood tonsillectomy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012 Sep;147(3):551-6. doi: 10.1177/0194599812447776. Epub 2012 May 14.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22585378 (View on PubMed)

Redmann AJ, Maksimoski M, Brumbaugh C, Ishman SL. The effect of postoperative steroids on post-tonsillectomy pain and need for postoperative physician contact. Laryngoscope. 2018 Sep;128(9):2187-2192. doi: 10.1002/lary.27167. Epub 2018 Mar 24.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29573428 (View on PubMed)

Greenwell AG, Isaiah A, Pereira KD. Recovery After Adenotonsillectomy-Do Steroids Help? Outcomes From a Randomized Controlled Trial. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021 Jul;165(1):83-88. doi: 10.1177/0194599820973250. Epub 2020 Nov 24.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 33228459 (View on PubMed)

Garra G, Singer AJ, Taira BR, Chohan J, Cardoz H, Chisena E, Thode HC Jr. Validation of the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale in pediatric emergency department patients. Acad Emerg Med. 2010 Jan;17(1):50-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2009.00620.x. Epub 2009 Dec 9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20003121 (View on PubMed)

Palme CE, Tomasevic P, Pohl DV. Evaluating the effects of oral prednisolone on recovery after tonsillectomy: a prospective, double-blind, randomized trial. Laryngoscope. 2000 Dec;110(12):2000-4. doi: 10.1097/00005537-200012000-00003.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11129008 (View on PubMed)

Feinberg AE, Chesney TR, Srikandarajah S, Acuna SA, McLeod RS; Best Practice in Surgery Group. Opioid Use After Discharge in Postoperative Patients: A Systematic Review. Ann Surg. 2018 Jun;267(6):1056-1062. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000002591.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29215370 (View on PubMed)

Monitto CL, Hsu A, Gao S, Vozzo PT, Park PS, Roter D, Yenokyan G, White ED, Kattail D, Edgeworth AE, Vasquenza KJ, Atwater SE, Shay JE, George JA, Vickers BA, Kost-Byerly S, Lee BH, Yaster M. Opioid Prescribing for the Treatment of Acute Pain in Children on Hospital Discharge. Anesth Analg. 2017 Dec;125(6):2113-2122. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002586.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29189368 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Other Identifiers

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STUDY20120036

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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