Evaluating Overcoming Anxiety in Pregnancy and Postpartum as an Online Self-Directed Program

NCT ID: NCT04844138

Last Updated: 2022-07-07

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

95 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2021-04-30

Study Completion Date

2022-06-29

Brief Summary

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The pregnancy and postpartum periods can be joyous times in life; however, they can also be filled with challenging physical, emotional, and lifestyle changes. These changes may lead to feelings of stress, anxiety, and depression amongst new and expecting mothers, which can have negative effects on fetal and infant development (Beijers et al., 2010; Goodman et al., 2016). The impacts of increased worry about health and safety due to COVID-19 as well as future-related uncertainties, paired with social (physical) distancing, may be felt especially strongly in this population. Of concern, pregnant and postpartum women have low rates of mental health service use even prior to the pandemic (Fonseca et al., 2015). E-health (Internet) and m-health (mobile application) psychological interventions are accessible, available at reduced cost, and can be accessed within users' homes, a factor that is particularly important during the pandemic (Andrews \& Titov, 2010). In this study, the investigators will disseminate a free, online, self-directed Cognitive Behavioural Therapy program to women experiencing symptoms of anxiety during pregnancy and postpartum. This program has shown to be effective at improving symptoms of anxiety and depression when delivered in an in-person group format, and has high acceptability (Furer \& Reynolds, 2015). The investigators will transfer this program into an online format so that pregnant and postpartum users can navigate the sessions on their own, without the support of a clinician. This program contains six modules which include topics such as coping with negative thoughts, unpacking the myth of the supermom, and managing expectations during pregnancy and postpartum. Additionally, material related to COVID-19 has been added to the program to target any pandemic-related stress participants may be experiencing. The investigators will collect information about the program's feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness, which will inform future improvements to the program. This program is expected to reduce participants' feelings of stress, anxiety, and depression, in addition to improving maternal attachment. It is anticipated that these gains will be maintained when the investigators follow-up with participants one month after program completion. This program has the potential to provide accessible and affordable mental health services to pregnant and postpartum women struggling during the pandemic.

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Perinatal Anxiety Perinatal Depression

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Participants will be randomly assigned to either the online self-directed program condition or the waitlist condition. Throughout the study, participant outcomes for both conditions will be measured to evaluate the effects of our online program compared to treatment as usual.
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Investigators Outcome Assessors
The research team (principal investigator, co-investigators, research coordinator, and research assistants) will be blinded during the randomization process. To protect participants' identifying information throughout the study, a non-team member will generate a randomized list of unique participant IDs prior to starting recruitment. The non-team member will then randomly assign these IDs to the online self-directed program or waitlist conditions, and will black out this information to conceal it from the research team. The research coordinator will assign participants to a participant ID when they are enrolled in our study. After participants complete their second screening interview (clinical symptom interview), the research coordinator will access the blacked-out information and reveal the participant's condition. Once revealed, this information may be viewed by all members of the research team.

Study Groups

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Online Self-Directed Program

Participants in this condition will complete our six-week online self-directed program as soon as it's available.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Overcoming Anxiety in Pregnancy and Postpartum Online Self-Directed Program

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

The investigators will administer the Overcoming Anxiety in Pregnancy and Postpartum program in an online self-directed format. This program is grounded in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and will teach participants strategies to manage their anxiety. Participants will complete six modules that will be released to them on a bi-weekly basis.

Waitlist

Participants in this condition will receive treatment as usual for six weeks, after which point they will be invited to complete our online program.

Group Type OTHER

Overcoming Anxiety in Pregnancy and Postpartum Online Self-Directed Program

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

The investigators will administer the Overcoming Anxiety in Pregnancy and Postpartum program in an online self-directed format. This program is grounded in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and will teach participants strategies to manage their anxiety. Participants will complete six modules that will be released to them on a bi-weekly basis.

Interventions

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Overcoming Anxiety in Pregnancy and Postpartum Online Self-Directed Program

The investigators will administer the Overcoming Anxiety in Pregnancy and Postpartum program in an online self-directed format. This program is grounded in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and will teach participants strategies to manage their anxiety. Participants will complete six modules that will be released to them on a bi-weekly basis.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Currently pregnant or within 12 months postpartum
* Age 18 or older
* Experiencing symptoms of anxiety
* Have access to a computer, tablet, or smartphone
* Have access to the Internet
* Speak English
* Manitoba resident
* Willing to provide their name, email address, home address, and phone number

Exclusion Criteria

* Current substance use disorder
* Diagnoses of bipolar disorder or schizophrenia
* Current suicidality
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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University of Manitoba

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Kristin Reynolds

Assistant Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Kristin Reynolds, Ph.D.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Manitoba

Locations

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University of Manitoba

Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Site Status

Countries

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Canada

References

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Andrews G, Titov N. Is internet treatment for depressive and anxiety disorders ready for prime time? Med J Aust. 2010 Jun 7;192(S11):S45-7. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03693.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20528709 (View on PubMed)

Beijers R, Jansen J, Riksen-Walraven M, de Weerth C. Maternal prenatal anxiety and stress predict infant illnesses and health complaints. Pediatrics. 2010 Aug;126(2):e401-9. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-3226. Epub 2010 Jul 19.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20643724 (View on PubMed)

Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983 Dec;24(4):385-96. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 6668417 (View on PubMed)

Condon JT. The assessment of antenatal emotional attachment: development of a questionnaire instrument. Br J Med Psychol. 1993 Jun;66(2):167-83. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8341.1993.tb01739.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8353110 (View on PubMed)

Condon JT, Corkindale CJ. The assessment of parent-to-infant attachment: Development of a self-report questionnaire instrument. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. 1998; 16(1): 57-76.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry. 1987 Jun;150:782-6. doi: 10.1192/bjp.150.6.782.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Fairbrother N, Janssen P, Antony MM, Tucker E, Young AH. Perinatal anxiety disorder prevalence and incidence. J Affect Disord. 2016 Aug;200:148-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.082. Epub 2016 Apr 14.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27131505 (View on PubMed)

Fonseca A, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Women׳s help-seeking behaviours for depressive symptoms during the perinatal period: Socio-demographic and clinical correlates and perceived barriers to seeking professional help. Midwifery. 2015 Dec;31(12):1177-85. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2015.09.002. Epub 2015 Sep 21.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26433622 (View on PubMed)

Furer P, Reynolds K. Overcoming anxiety in pregnancy and postpartum. Unpublished treatment manual. Winnipeg, MB: University of Manitoba; 2015.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Gavin NI, Gaynes BN, Lohr KN, Meltzer-Brody S, Gartlehner G, Swinson T. Perinatal depression: a systematic review of prevalence and incidence. Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Nov;106(5 Pt 1):1071-83. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000183597.31630.db.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16260528 (View on PubMed)

Goodman JH, Watson GR, Stubbs B. Anxiety disorders in postpartum women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2016 Oct;203:292-331. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.033. Epub 2016 Jun 1.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27317922 (View on PubMed)

Kessler RC, Andrews G, Colpe LJ, Hiripi E, Mroczek DK, Normand SL, Walters EE, Zaslavsky AM. Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychol Med. 2002 Aug;32(6):959-76. doi: 10.1017/s0033291702006074.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Milosevic I, Levy HC, Alcolado GM, Radomsky AS. The Treatment Acceptability/Adherence Scale: Moving Beyond the Assessment of Treatment Effectiveness. Cogn Behav Ther. 2015;44(6):456-69. doi: 10.1080/16506073.2015.1053407. Epub 2015 Jun 19.

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Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, Amorim P, Janavs J, Weiller E, Hergueta T, Baker R, Dunbar GC. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59 Suppl 20:22-33;quiz 34-57.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9881538 (View on PubMed)

Somerville S, Dedman K, Hagan R, Oxnam E, Wettinger M, Byrne S, Coo S, Doherty D, Page AC. The Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale: development and preliminary validation. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2014 Oct;17(5):443-54. doi: 10.1007/s00737-014-0425-8. Epub 2014 Apr 4.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24699796 (View on PubMed)

Taylor S, Landry CA, Paluszek MM, Fergus TA, McKay D, Asmundson GJG. Development and initial validation of the COVID Stress Scales. J Anxiety Disord. 2020 May;72:102232. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102232. Epub 2020 May 4.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32408047 (View on PubMed)

Teti DM, Gelfand DM. Behavioral competence among mothers of infants in the first year: the mediational role of maternal self-efficacy. Child Dev. 1991 Oct;62(5):918-29. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01580.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 1756667 (View on PubMed)

Uchechukwu L, Hardman MP, Hadley I, Gornik ME, Petty SK, Pryor TAM, Alcolado GM, Furer P, Reynolds KA. "I'm not alone": perinatal women's experiences in an online self-directed program for perinatal anxiety. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2025 Feb 21;25(1):190. doi: 10.1186/s12884-025-07270-3.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 39984893 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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53294

Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT

Identifier Source: secondary_id

P2020:104

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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