Trial Outcomes & Findings for Impact of Vaping Prevention Advertisements (NCT NCT04836455)

NCT ID: NCT04836455

Last Updated: 2024-04-24

Results Overview

The 3-item Susceptibility to Vaping Scale assesses the extent to which adolescents are open to vaping, using a 1 to 4 response option scale. Here, 1 indicates the lowest susceptibility to vaping, and 4 represents the highest, with higher values indicating a greater susceptibility to vaping - essentially, a worse outcome. The overall scale score is determined by averaging the scores of the three items, summing these scores and dividing by 3. This method results in a score range from a minimum of 1 to a maximum of 4.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

1565 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Week 3

Results posted on

2024-04-24

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Health Effects Theme
The FDA's The REal Cost vaping prevention ads - Health harms theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about the health harms of vaping will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Addiction Theme
The FDA's The Real Cost vaping prevention ads - Addiction theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about vaping addiction will be shown to participants at week 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Neutral Vaping Ads
Neutral vaping ads: Three neutral (i.e., purely informational and without graphics) vaping video ads developed by the Investigators will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Pilot Trial Group
This group consists of participants who took part in the pilot phase of the trial prior to its full launch. The purpose of this phase was to pilot test the clinical trial processes and procedures. Participants were recruited separately and not a part of the actual clinical trial.
Overall Study
STARTED
504
506
504
51
Overall Study
COMPLETED
445
451
450
51
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
59
55
54
0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

The following data do not include participants who identified themselves as a gender identity other than male or female.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Health Effects Theme
n=504 Participants
The FDA's The REal Cost vaping prevention ads - Health harms theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about the health harms of vaping will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Addiction Theme
n=506 Participants
The FDA's The Real Cost vaping prevention ads - Addiction theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about vaping addiction will be shown to participants at week 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Neutral Vaping Ads
n=504 Participants
Neutral vaping ads: Three neutral (i.e., purely informational and without graphics) vaping video ads developed by the Investigators will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Pilot Trial Group
n=51 Participants
This group consists of participants who took part in the pilot phase of the trial prior to its full launch. The purpose of this phase was to pilot test the clinical trial processes and procedures. Participants were recruited separately and not a part of the actual clinical trial.
Total
n=1565 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
15.21 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.17 • n=504 Participants
15.18 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.19 • n=506 Participants
15.28 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.18 • n=504 Participants
15.55 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.30 • n=51 Participants
15.22 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.18 • n=1565 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
126 Participants
n=498 Participants • The following data do not include participants who identified themselves as a gender identity other than male or female.
122 Participants
n=497 Participants • The following data do not include participants who identified themselves as a gender identity other than male or female.
110 Participants
n=503 Participants • The following data do not include participants who identified themselves as a gender identity other than male or female.
22 Participants
n=51 Participants • The following data do not include participants who identified themselves as a gender identity other than male or female.
380 Participants
n=1549 Participants • The following data do not include participants who identified themselves as a gender identity other than male or female.
Sex: Female, Male
Male
372 Participants
n=498 Participants • The following data do not include participants who identified themselves as a gender identity other than male or female.
375 Participants
n=497 Participants • The following data do not include participants who identified themselves as a gender identity other than male or female.
393 Participants
n=503 Participants • The following data do not include participants who identified themselves as a gender identity other than male or female.
29 Participants
n=51 Participants • The following data do not include participants who identified themselves as a gender identity other than male or female.
1169 Participants
n=1549 Participants • The following data do not include participants who identified themselves as a gender identity other than male or female.
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
1 Participants
n=504 Participants
0 Participants
n=506 Participants
0 Participants
n=504 Participants
0 Participants
n=51 Participants
1 Participants
n=1565 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
5 Participants
n=504 Participants
3 Participants
n=506 Participants
6 Participants
n=504 Participants
0 Participants
n=51 Participants
14 Participants
n=1565 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
2 Participants
n=504 Participants
2 Participants
n=506 Participants
0 Participants
n=504 Participants
0 Participants
n=51 Participants
4 Participants
n=1565 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
137 Participants
n=504 Participants
116 Participants
n=506 Participants
118 Participants
n=504 Participants
13 Participants
n=51 Participants
384 Participants
n=1565 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
345 Participants
n=504 Participants
367 Participants
n=506 Participants
369 Participants
n=504 Participants
38 Participants
n=51 Participants
1119 Participants
n=1565 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
12 Participants
n=504 Participants
13 Participants
n=506 Participants
8 Participants
n=504 Participants
0 Participants
n=51 Participants
33 Participants
n=1565 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
2 Participants
n=504 Participants
5 Participants
n=506 Participants
3 Participants
n=504 Participants
0 Participants
n=51 Participants
10 Participants
n=1565 Participants
Susceptibility to vaping
2.31 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .98 • n=504 Participants
2.45 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .94 • n=506 Participants
2.75 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .94 • n=504 Participants
2.16 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .97 • n=51 Participants
2.50 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .97 • n=1565 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Week 3

The 3-item Susceptibility to Vaping Scale assesses the extent to which adolescents are open to vaping, using a 1 to 4 response option scale. Here, 1 indicates the lowest susceptibility to vaping, and 4 represents the highest, with higher values indicating a greater susceptibility to vaping - essentially, a worse outcome. The overall scale score is determined by averaging the scores of the three items, summing these scores and dividing by 3. This method results in a score range from a minimum of 1 to a maximum of 4.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Health Effects Theme
n=504 Participants
The FDA's The REal Cost vaping prevention ads - Health harms theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about the health harms of vaping will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Addiction Theme
n=506 Participants
The FDA's The Real Cost vaping prevention ads - Addiction theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about vaping addiction will be shown to participants at week 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Neutral Vaping Ads
n=504 Participants
Neutral vaping ads: Three neutral (i.e., purely informational and without graphics) vaping video ads developed by the Investigators will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Mean Susceptibility to Vaping Score
2.16 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.04
2.21 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.01
2.36 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.07

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Week 2

The 1-item mean attention measure assesses the extent to which a participant reports that an advertisement captures their attention. Response options range from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger attention, which is considered a better outcome.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Health Effects Theme
n=504 Participants
The FDA's The REal Cost vaping prevention ads - Health harms theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about the health harms of vaping will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Addiction Theme
n=506 Participants
The FDA's The Real Cost vaping prevention ads - Addiction theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about vaping addiction will be shown to participants at week 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Neutral Vaping Ads
n=504 Participants
Neutral vaping ads: Three neutral (i.e., purely informational and without graphics) vaping video ads developed by the Investigators will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Mean Attention Score
4.49 score on a scale
Standard Deviation .79
4.49 score on a scale
Standard Deviation .77
4.10 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.11

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Week 2

The 3-item Negative Affect Scale assesses the extent to which an advertisement elicits negative emotions from the participant, such as fear or disgust. Response options range from 1 to 5. The overall scale score is calculated by averaging the scores of the three items, resulting in a minimum possible score of 1 and a maximum of 5. Higher scores indicate stronger negative emotions. In the context of this assessment, higher negative emotions are considered a more effective (better) outcome.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Health Effects Theme
n=504 Participants
The FDA's The REal Cost vaping prevention ads - Health harms theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about the health harms of vaping will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Addiction Theme
n=506 Participants
The FDA's The Real Cost vaping prevention ads - Addiction theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about vaping addiction will be shown to participants at week 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Neutral Vaping Ads
n=504 Participants
Neutral vaping ads: Three neutral (i.e., purely informational and without graphics) vaping video ads developed by the Investigators will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Mean Negative Affect Score
3.42 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.13
3.19 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.19
2.68 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.33

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Week 3

The 3-item Mean Cognitive Elaboration Scale assesses the extent to which participants have thought about the addictiveness or harmfulness of vaping over the past 7 days. Response options range from 1 to 5. The overall scale score is calculated by averaging the three items, with scores ranging from a minimum of 1 to a maximum of 5. Higher scores indicate greater cognitive elaboration, suggesting a more effective engagement with the content (a better outcome).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Health Effects Theme
n=504 Participants
The FDA's The REal Cost vaping prevention ads - Health harms theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about the health harms of vaping will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Addiction Theme
n=506 Participants
The FDA's The Real Cost vaping prevention ads - Addiction theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about vaping addiction will be shown to participants at week 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Neutral Vaping Ads
n=504 Participants
Neutral vaping ads: Three neutral (i.e., purely informational and without graphics) vaping video ads developed by the Investigators will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Mean Cognitive Elaboration Score
3.59 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.20
3.57 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.21
3.43 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.28

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Week 3

The 3-item Mean Social Interactions Scale assesses the extent to which a participant has discussed the addictiveness or harmfulness of vaping with others in the past 7 days. Response options range from 1 (0 times) to 6 (11 or more times). The overall scale score is calculated by averaging the three items, resulting in a score range from a minimum of 1 to a maximum of 6. Higher scores indicate more frequent social interactions, which are considered a better outcome.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Health Effects Theme
n=504 Participants
The FDA's The REal Cost vaping prevention ads - Health harms theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about the health harms of vaping will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Addiction Theme
n=506 Participants
The FDA's The Real Cost vaping prevention ads - Addiction theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about vaping addiction will be shown to participants at week 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Neutral Vaping Ads
n=504 Participants
Neutral vaping ads: Three neutral (i.e., purely informational and without graphics) vaping video ads developed by the Investigators will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Mean Social Interactions Score
3.33 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.39
3.20 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.36
3.19 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.45

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Week 3

The 3-item Vaping Health Harm Risk Beliefs Scale assesses the extent to which participants believe that vaping will lead to health harms. Response options range from 1 to 5. The overall scale score is calculated by averaging the three items, with possible scores ranging from a minimum of 1 to a maximum of 5. Higher scores indicate stronger beliefs in the health risks associated with vaping, which is considered a better outcome.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Health Effects Theme
n=504 Participants
The FDA's The REal Cost vaping prevention ads - Health harms theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about the health harms of vaping will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Addiction Theme
n=506 Participants
The FDA's The Real Cost vaping prevention ads - Addiction theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about vaping addiction will be shown to participants at week 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Neutral Vaping Ads
n=504 Participants
Neutral vaping ads: Three neutral (i.e., purely informational and without graphics) vaping video ads developed by the Investigators will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Mean Vaping Health Harm Risk Beliefs Score
4.09 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.08
4.09 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.03
3.85 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.18

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Week 3

The 3-item Vaping Addiction Risk Beliefs Scale assesses the extent to which participants believe that vaping will lead to addiction. Response options range from 1 to 5. The overall scale score is calculated by averaging the three items, with a score range from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate stronger beliefs in the risk of addiction due to vaping, which is considered a better outcome.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Health Effects Theme
n=504 Participants
The FDA's The REal Cost vaping prevention ads - Health harms theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about the health harms of vaping will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Addiction Theme
n=506 Participants
The FDA's The Real Cost vaping prevention ads - Addiction theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about vaping addiction will be shown to participants at week 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Neutral Vaping Ads
n=504 Participants
Neutral vaping ads: Three neutral (i.e., purely informational and without graphics) vaping video ads developed by the Investigators will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Mean Vaping Addiction Risk Beliefs Score
3.77 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.18
3.78 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.13
3.58 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.28

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Week 3

The 3-item Vaping Attitudes Scale assesses a participant's attitude towards vaping (e.g., good/bad). Response options range from 1 to 5. The overall scale score is calculated by averaging the three items, with scores ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate a more positive attitude toward vaping, which is considered a less desirable outcome (i.e., worse outcome).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Health Effects Theme
n=504 Participants
The FDA's The REal Cost vaping prevention ads - Health harms theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about the health harms of vaping will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Addiction Theme
n=506 Participants
The FDA's The Real Cost vaping prevention ads - Addiction theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about vaping addiction will be shown to participants at week 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Neutral Vaping Ads
n=504 Participants
Neutral vaping ads: Three neutral (i.e., purely informational and without graphics) vaping video ads developed by the Investigators will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Mean Vaping Attitudes Score
2.35 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.29
2.37 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.25
2.60 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.33

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Week 3

Participants will be asked to report the number of days they vaped over the past 21 days. We chose to retain the continuous measure of the number of days spent vaping rather than dichotomizing this outcome, due to the substantial variability observed in the number of days e-cigarettes were used. A higher value indicates more days that participants vaped, which is considered a less desirable outcome (i.e., worse outcome).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Health Effects Theme
n=504 Participants
The FDA's The REal Cost vaping prevention ads - Health harms theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about the health harms of vaping will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Addiction Theme
n=506 Participants
The FDA's The Real Cost vaping prevention ads - Addiction theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about vaping addiction will be shown to participants at week 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Neutral Vaping Ads
n=504 Participants
Neutral vaping ads: Three neutral (i.e., purely informational and without graphics) vaping video ads developed by the Investigators will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Number of Days Participants Vape (E-cigarette Use)
1.86 days
Standard Deviation 2.08
1.98 days
Standard Deviation 2.19
2.14 days
Standard Deviation 2.11

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Week 3

The 1-item Mean Smoking Health Harm Risk Belief Measure assesses the extent to which a participant believes that smoking will lead to health harms. Response options range from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger beliefs in the health risks associated with smoking, which is considered a desirable outcome (i.e., better outcome).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Health Effects Theme
n=504 Participants
The FDA's The REal Cost vaping prevention ads - Health harms theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about the health harms of vaping will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Addiction Theme
n=506 Participants
The FDA's The Real Cost vaping prevention ads - Addiction theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about vaping addiction will be shown to participants at week 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Neutral Vaping Ads
n=504 Participants
Neutral vaping ads: Three neutral (i.e., purely informational and without graphics) vaping video ads developed by the Investigators will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Mean Smoking Health Harm Risk Belief Score
4.02 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.22
3.98 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.28
3.83 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.29

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Week 3

The 1-item mean smoking health harm risk belief measure assesses the extent to which a participant believes that smoking will lead to health harms. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale, with higher scores representing a stronger health harm beliefs about smoking, which is a desirable outcome (i.e., better outcome).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Health Effects Theme
n=504 Participants
The FDA's The REal Cost vaping prevention ads - Health harms theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about the health harms of vaping will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Addiction Theme
n=506 Participants
The FDA's The Real Cost vaping prevention ads - Addiction theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about vaping addiction will be shown to participants at week 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Neutral Vaping Ads
n=504 Participants
Neutral vaping ads: Three neutral (i.e., purely informational and without graphics) vaping video ads developed by the Investigators will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Mean Smoking Addiction Risk Belief Score
3.79 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.33
3.82 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.33
3.76 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.37

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Week 3

The 1-item mean smoking attitude measure assesses a participant's attitude toward smoking (i.e., good/bad). Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale, with higher scores representing a more positive attitude toward smoking, which is considered as less desirable outcome (i.e., worse outcome).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Health Effects Theme
n=504 Participants
The FDA's The REal Cost vaping prevention ads - Health harms theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about the health harms of vaping will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Addiction Theme
n=506 Participants
The FDA's The Real Cost vaping prevention ads - Addiction theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about vaping addiction will be shown to participants at week 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Neutral Vaping Ads
n=504 Participants
Neutral vaping ads: Three neutral (i.e., purely informational and without graphics) vaping video ads developed by the Investigators will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Mean Smoking Attitude Score
2.13 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.38
2.16 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.42
2.35 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.46

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Week 3

The 3-item Mean Susceptibility to Smoking Cigarettes Scale assesses a participant's susceptibility to smoking cigarettes. Response options range from 1 to 5. The overall scale score is calculated by averaging the three items, with possible scores ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate a stronger susceptibility to smoking, which is considered a less desirable outcome (i.e., worse outcome).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Health Effects Theme
n=504 Participants
The FDA's The REal Cost vaping prevention ads - Health harms theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about the health harms of vaping will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Addiction Theme
n=506 Participants
The FDA's The Real Cost vaping prevention ads - Addiction theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about vaping addiction will be shown to participants at week 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Neutral Vaping Ads
n=504 Participants
Neutral vaping ads: Three neutral (i.e., purely informational and without graphics) vaping video ads developed by the Investigators will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Mean Susceptibility to Smoking Cigarettes
2.02 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.02
2.05 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.02
2.21 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.05

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Week 3

Participants will be asked to report the number of days they smoked cigarettes over the past 21 days. We chose to retain the continuous measure of the number of days smoking rather than dichotomizing this outcome, due to the substantial variability observed in the number of days cigarettes were used. A higher value indicates more days that participants smoked cigarettes, which is considered a less desirable outcome (i.e., worse outcome).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Health Effects Theme
n=504 Participants
The FDA's The REal Cost vaping prevention ads - Health harms theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about the health harms of vaping will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Addiction Theme
n=506 Participants
The FDA's The Real Cost vaping prevention ads - Addiction theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about vaping addiction will be shown to participants at week 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Neutral Vaping Ads
n=504 Participants
Neutral vaping ads: Three neutral (i.e., purely informational and without graphics) vaping video ads developed by the Investigators will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Number of Days That Participants Who Smoke Cigarettes
1.61 days
Standard Deviation 1.94
1.63 days
Standard Deviation 2
1.8 days
Standard Deviation 1.96

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Week 2

The 3-item UNC Youth Mean Perceived Message Effectiveness Scale assesses a participant's judgment of an advertisement's impact on their vaping beliefs and behaviors. Response options range from 1 to 5. The overall score is calculated by averaging the three items, with possible scores ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate that participants perceive the advertisements as more effective (i.e., better outcome).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Health Effects Theme
n=504 Participants
The FDA's The REal Cost vaping prevention ads - Health harms theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about the health harms of vaping will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Addiction Theme
n=506 Participants
The FDA's The Real Cost vaping prevention ads - Addiction theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about vaping addiction will be shown to participants at week 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Neutral Vaping Ads
n=504 Participants
Neutral vaping ads: Three neutral (i.e., purely informational and without graphics) vaping video ads developed by the Investigators will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Mean Perceived Message Effectiveness Score (UNC Youth Scale)
4.18 score on a scale
Standard Deviation .82
4.14 score on a scale
Standard Deviation .86
3.32 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.36

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Week 2

The 6-item FDA Mean Perceived Message Effectiveness Scale evaluates a participant's overall impressions of an advertisement. Responses are provided on a scale from 1 to 5. The overall scale score is calculated by averaging these six items, resulting in a possible range of 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate that participants found the advertisements to be more informative (i.e., better outcome).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Health Effects Theme
n=504 Participants
The FDA's The REal Cost vaping prevention ads - Health harms theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about the health harms of vaping will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Addiction Theme
n=506 Participants
The FDA's The Real Cost vaping prevention ads - Addiction theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about vaping addiction will be shown to participants at week 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Neutral Vaping Ads
n=504 Participants
Neutral vaping ads: Three neutral (i.e., purely informational and without graphics) vaping video ads developed by the Investigators will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Mean Perceived Message Effectiveness Score (FDA Scale)
4.38 score on a scale
Standard Deviation .63
4.35 score on a scale
Standard Deviation .63
4.10 score on a scale
Standard Deviation .86

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Week 2

The 3-item Avoidance Scale measures the degree to which a participant wishes to avoid engaging with an advertisement. Responses are provided on a scale from 1 to 5. The overall score is calculated by summing the scores of the three items and then dividing by 3, resulting in a possible range of 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate greater avoidance, which is considered a less desirable outcome (i.e., worse outcome).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Health Effects Theme
n=504 Participants
The FDA's The REal Cost vaping prevention ads - Health harms theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about the health harms of vaping will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Addiction Theme
n=506 Participants
The FDA's The Real Cost vaping prevention ads - Addiction theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about vaping addiction will be shown to participants at week 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Neutral Vaping Ads
n=504 Participants
Neutral vaping ads: Three neutral (i.e., purely informational and without graphics) vaping video ads developed by the Investigators will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Mean Avoidance Score
2.74 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.31
2.57 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.30
2.58 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.30

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Week 2

The 1-item reactance measure evaluates the degree to which an ad annoys participants, using a response scale from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate greater reactance to the ad, representing a less favorable outcome.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Health Effects Theme
n=504 Participants
The FDA's The REal Cost vaping prevention ads - Health harms theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about the health harms of vaping will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Addiction Theme
n=506 Participants
The FDA's The Real Cost vaping prevention ads - Addiction theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about vaping addiction will be shown to participants at week 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Neutral Vaping Ads
n=504 Participants
Neutral vaping ads: Three neutral (i.e., purely informational and without graphics) vaping video ads developed by the Investigators will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Mean Reactance Score
2.39 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.53
2.28 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.48
2.25 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.46

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Week 3

The 3-item Mean Vaping Social Enhancement Beliefs Scale measures participants' perceptions of the social benefits of vaping, such as fitting in better with friends. Responses are on a 1 to 5 scale, with overall scores calculated by averaging the three items. Scores range from 1 to 5, where higher scores indicate a stronger belief in the social benefits of vaping, a less desirable outcome (i.e., worse outcome).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Health Effects Theme
n=504 Participants
The FDA's The REal Cost vaping prevention ads - Health harms theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about the health harms of vaping will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Addiction Theme
n=506 Participants
The FDA's The Real Cost vaping prevention ads - Addiction theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about vaping addiction will be shown to participants at week 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Neutral Vaping Ads
n=504 Participants
Neutral vaping ads: Three neutral (i.e., purely informational and without graphics) vaping video ads developed by the Investigators will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Mean Vaping Social Enhancement Beliefs Score
2.84 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.29
2.93 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.30
3.09 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.31

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Week 3

The 3-item Mean Vaping Affect Regulation Beliefs Scale evaluates participants' beliefs about the experiential benefits of vaping, such as feeling good. Responses are recorded on a 1 to 5 scale. The overall score, which also ranges from 1 to 5, is calculated by averaging the three items. Higher scores indicate that participants expect more significant emotional or affective benefits from vaping, which is considered a less desirable outcome (i.e., worse outcome).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Health Effects Theme
n=504 Participants
The FDA's The REal Cost vaping prevention ads - Health harms theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about the health harms of vaping will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Addiction Theme
n=506 Participants
The FDA's The Real Cost vaping prevention ads - Addiction theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about vaping addiction will be shown to participants at week 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Neutral Vaping Ads
n=504 Participants
Neutral vaping ads: Three neutral (i.e., purely informational and without graphics) vaping video ads developed by the Investigators will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Mean Vaping Affect Regulation Beliefs Score
3.24 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.28
3.28 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.30
3.46 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.27

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Week 3

The 3-item Mean Vaping Injunctive Norms Scale measures participants' perceptions of others' approval or disapproval of their vaping behavior, using a response scale from 1 to 5. Overall scores, which range from 1 to 5, are calculated by averaging the three items. Higher scores indicate stronger perceived disapproval of vaping, which is considered a desirable outcome (i.e., better outcome).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Health Effects Theme
n=504 Participants
The FDA's The REal Cost vaping prevention ads - Health harms theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about the health harms of vaping will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Addiction Theme
n=506 Participants
The FDA's The Real Cost vaping prevention ads - Addiction theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about vaping addiction will be shown to participants at week 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Neutral Vaping Ads
n=504 Participants
Neutral vaping ads: Three neutral (i.e., purely informational and without graphics) vaping video ads developed by the Investigators will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Mean Vaping Injunctive Norms Score
4.27 score on a scale
Standard Deviation .86
4.26 score on a scale
Standard Deviation .90
4.18 score on a scale
Standard Deviation .93

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Week 3

The 3-item Mean Vaping Refusal Self-Efficacy Scale measures a participant's confidence in their ability to refuse vaping in social situations, with response options ranging from 1 to 5. The overall score, also ranging from 1 to 5, is calculated by averaging the three items. Higher scores indicate stronger self-efficacy beliefs in refusing vaping, which is considered a desirable outcome (i.e., better outcome).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Health Effects Theme
n=504 Participants
The FDA's The REal Cost vaping prevention ads - Health harms theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about the health harms of vaping will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Addiction Theme
n=506 Participants
The FDA's The Real Cost vaping prevention ads - Addiction theme: Three vaping prevention video ads from the FDA's The Real Cost prevention campaign about vaping addiction will be shown to participants at week 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Neutral Vaping Ads
n=504 Participants
Neutral vaping ads: Three neutral (i.e., purely informational and without graphics) vaping video ads developed by the Investigators will be shown to participants at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Ads will be shown in a random order.
Mean Vaping Refusal Self-efficacy
3.50 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.06
3.53 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.02
3.51 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.12

Adverse Events

The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Health Effects Theme

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

The Real Cost Vaping Prevention Ads - Addiction Theme

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Neutral Vaping Ads

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Pilot Trial Group

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Dr. Seth M. Noar

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Phone: 9192607269

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place