Trial Outcomes & Findings for Delivering Health: Addressing Diabetes and Food Insecurity (NCT NCT04831216)

NCT ID: NCT04831216

Last Updated: 2026-01-16

Results Overview

A Siemens analyzer was utilized to measure HbA1c (%) via finger stick blood collection.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

101 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Baseline; immediate post-intervention (approx. 20 weeks)

Results posted on

2026-01-16

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education
All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials. Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education: All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials.
Overall Study
STARTED
101
Overall Study
COMPLETED
69
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
32

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education
All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials. Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education: All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials.
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
32

Baseline Characteristics

Delivering Health: Addressing Diabetes and Food Insecurity

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education
n=101 Participants
All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials. Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education: All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials.
Age, Continuous
57.1 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.6 • n=9 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
68 Participants
n=9 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
33 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Hispanic/Latino
35 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Marshallese
33 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
White
26 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Other
7 Participants
n=9 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
101 participants
n=9 Participants
Hemoglobin A1c (%)
9.87 percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.25 • n=9 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline; immediate post-intervention (approx. 20 weeks)

Population: Analysis used all available data from participants.

A Siemens analyzer was utilized to measure HbA1c (%) via finger stick blood collection.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education
n=101 Participants
All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials. Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education: All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials.
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), %
Baseline
9.87 percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin
Standard Deviation 2.25
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), %
Post-intervention
9.12 percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin
Standard Deviation 2.04

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline; immediate post-intervention (approx. 20 weeks)

Population: Analysis used all available data from participants.

Total skin carotenoid level was measured using a Veggie Meter optical skin scanner using Raman Spectroscopy. The Veggie Meter produces a score from 0 to 800, with higher scores indicating greater skin carotenoid levels, which suggest a greater intake of fruits and vegetables.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education
n=100 Participants
All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials. Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education: All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials.
Diet Quality
Baseline
258.47 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 105.69
Diet Quality
Post-intervention
261.65 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 107.03

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline; immediate post-intervention (approx. 20 weeks)

Population: Analysis used all available data from participants.

24 hour dietary recalls was collected using the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR). NDSR was used to calculate Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI) scores. HEI is a metric used to assess the quality of a person's diet by comparing their food intake to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, with a higher score indicating a diet that more closely aligns with recommended nutritional guidelines. HEI scores range from 0 to 100, where a higher score is better.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education
n=81 Participants
All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials. Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education: All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials.
Diet Quality (2)
Baseline
59.98 HEI score
Standard Deviation 16.26
Diet Quality (2)
Post-intervention
58.61 HEI score
Standard Deviation 13.14

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline; immediate post-intervention (approx. 20 weeks)

Population: Analysis used all available data from participants.

Weight and height was used to compute a continuous measure of BMI (kilograms per square meter).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education
n=101 Participants
All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials. Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education: All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials.
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Baseline
33.42 kilograms per square meter
Standard Deviation 7.15
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Post-intervention
32.90 kilograms per square meter
Standard Deviation 5.76

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline; immediate post-intervention (approx. 20 weeks)

Population: There was a high degree of missingness on these items at baseline and post-intervention.

Self-report items from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey assessed lifetime prevalence of chronic diseases.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education
n=83 Participants
All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials. Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education: All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials.
Chronic Diseases
Baseline · Reported one or more chronic diseases
71 Participants
Chronic Diseases
Baseline · Did not report a chronic disease
12 Participants
Chronic Diseases
Post-intervention · Reported one or more chronic diseases
51 Participants
Chronic Diseases
Post-intervention · Did not report a chronic disease
8 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline; immediate post-intervention (approx. 20 weeks)

Population: Analysis used all available data from participants.

Self-efficacy for self-management of type 2 diabetes was assessed using the eight item Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale (DSES). The DSES assesses confidence in a person's perceived capability to perform necessary type 2 diabetes self-care activities including, maintaining healthy diet, engaging in exercise, and performing blood sugar monitoring (0, Not at all confident to 10, Totally confident). The score for the scale is the mean of the eight items, producing a range of scores of 0-10, with higher scores indicating higher levels of confidence to perform diabetes self-management activities.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education
n=101 Participants
All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials. Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education: All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials.
Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Self-Efficacy
Baseline
6.88 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.22
Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Self-Efficacy
Post-intervention
6.89 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.23

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline; immediate post-intervention (approx. 20 weeks)

Population: Analysis used all available data from participants.

Oral health was assessed by a single self-report item from the BRFSS, asking length of time since a dental cleaning ("Within the past year=1; Within the past 2 years=2; Within the past 5 years=3; 5 or more years ago=4; Never=5"). A lower score indicates a better outcome (more recent dental cleaning).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education
n=88 Participants
All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials. Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education: All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials.
Oral Health
Baseline · Within the past year
36 Participants
Oral Health
Post-intervention · Never
7 Participants
Oral Health
Baseline · Within the past 2 years
17 Participants
Oral Health
Baseline · Within the past 5 years
10 Participants
Oral Health
Baseline · 5 or more years ago
9 Participants
Oral Health
Baseline · Never
16 Participants
Oral Health
Post-intervention · Within the past year
32 Participants
Oral Health
Post-intervention · Within the past 2 years
8 Participants
Oral Health
Post-intervention · Within the past 5 years
8 Participants
Oral Health
Post-intervention · 5 or more years ago
7 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline; immediate post-intervention (approx. 20 weeks)

Population: Analysis used all available data from participants.

Psychological distress related to type 2 diabetes was assessed using the Problem Areas in Diabetes 5-item scale (PAID-5) scale. The PAID-5 is used to assess the emotional distress related to living with type 2 diabetes, consisting of five questions that focus on feelings like fear, depression, worry about future complications, feeling overwhelmed by diabetes management, and coping with diabetes complications; essentially measuring the psychological impact of managing diabetes on a person's daily life (0, Not a problem to 4, Serious problem). The sum of the items produces a total score that ranges from 0-20, with lower scores indicating less distress.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education
n=101 Participants
All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials. Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education: All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials.
Type 2 Diabetes-related Distress
Baseline
7.63 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.17
Type 2 Diabetes-related Distress
Post-intervention
4.28 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.62

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Population: Results are for baseline only. Food security was not assessed at post-intervention due to survey programming errors, therefore no outcome data can be reported for this measure.

Food security was assessed using the Hunger Vital Sign two-question screening tool. Food security was not assessed at post-intervention, therefore no data can be reported for this measure.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education
n=101 Participants
All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials. Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education: All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials.
Food Security
Baseline · Food insecure
100 Participants
Food Security
Baseline · Food secure
1 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline; immediate post-intervention (approx. 20 weeks)

Population: Analysis used all available data from participants.

Food pantry utilization was assessed through a single survey item adapted from Feeding America's Hunger in America survey. The item asked how many times the participant got food from a food pantry in the past 30 days.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education
n=101 Participants
All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials. Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education: All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials.
Food Pantry Utilization
Post-intervention
2.48 times visited food pantry, past 30 days
Standard Deviation 2.06
Food Pantry Utilization
Baseline
2.72 times visited food pantry, past 30 days
Standard Deviation 2.65

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline; immediate post-intervention (approx. 20 weeks)

Population: Analysis used all available data from participants.

Type 2 diabetes medication adherence was collected using responses to six items (0, No; 1, Yes) from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). The survey items assess how well individuals with diabetes adhered to their prescribed medication regimen, specifically by measuring whether they are taking medications correctly and refilling prescriptions as directed versus using non-adherence strategies to lower the cost of their medications (e.g., skipping doses, taking less medicine than prescribed, delaying filling prescriptions). Scores ranged from 0-6, with lower scores on the scale indicating a better outcome (e.g., better adherence to medication regimens).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education
n=101 Participants
All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials. Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education: All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials.
Medication Adherence
Baseline
3.70 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.10
Medication Adherence
Post-intervention
3.07 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.29

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Population: Cooking skills and knowledge were not assessed at post-intervention due to survey programming errors, therefore no outcome data can be reported for this measure.

Cooking skills and knowledge were assessed using two items. The first item asks "How confident do you feel being able to cook from raw or basic ingredients?" Response options include "Not confident at all; Somewhat confident; and Completely confident". Cooking skills and knowledge were not assessed at post-intervention, therefore no data can be reported for this measure.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education
n=101 Participants
All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials. Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education: All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials.
Cooking Skills and Knowledge (1)
Baseline · Not confident at all
0 Participants
Cooking Skills and Knowledge (1)
Baseline · Completely confident
92 Participants
Cooking Skills and Knowledge (1)
Baseline · Somewhat confident
9 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Population: Cooking skills and knowledge were not assessed at post-intervention due to survey programming errors, therefore no outcome data can be reported for this measure.

Cooking skills and knowledge were assessed using two items. The second item asks "How confident do you feel about following a simple recipe?" Response options include "Not confident at all; Somewhat confident; and Completely confident". Cooking skills and knowledge were not assessed at post-intervention, therefore no data can be reported for this measure.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education
n=101 Participants
All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials. Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education: All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials.
Cooking Skills and Knowledge (2)
Baseline · Completely confident
93 Participants
Cooking Skills and Knowledge (2)
Baseline · Somewhat confident
8 Participants
Cooking Skills and Knowledge (2)
Baseline · Not confident at all
0 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline; immediate post-intervention (approx. 20 weeks)

Population: Analysis used all available data from participants.

The Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) was used to assess self-management behaviors. The SDSCA is used to assess how well individuals with diabetes manage their condition by measuring the frequency (number of days) of their self-care practices like diet, exercise, blood glucose monitoring, and foot care over the past seven days. The General Diet subscale is 2 items assessing how many days participants adhered to a diet plan (0-7 days per week).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education
n=101 Participants
All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials. Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education: All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials.
Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors - General Diet
Baseline
2.32 days per week
Standard Deviation 2.52
Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors - General Diet
Post-intervention
4.34 days per week
Standard Deviation 2.17

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline; immediate post-intervention (approx. 20 weeks)

Population: Analysis used all available data from participants.

The Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) was used to assess self-management behaviors. The SDSCA is used to assess how well individuals with diabetes manage their condition by measuring the frequency (number of days) of their self-care practices like diet, exercise, blood glucose monitoring, and foot care over the past seven days. The Specific Diet subscale is 2 items assessing how many days participants ate certain types of foods (0-7 days per week).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education
n=101 Participants
All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials. Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education: All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials.
Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors - Specific Diet
Baseline
3.83 days per week
Standard Deviation 1.77
Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors - Specific Diet
Post-intervention
4.33 days per week
Standard Deviation 1.64

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline; immediate post-intervention (approx. 20 weeks)

Population: Analysis used all available data from participants.

The Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) was used to assess self-management behaviors. The SDSCA is used to assess how well individuals with diabetes manage their condition by measuring the frequency (number of days) of their self-care practices like diet, exercise, blood glucose monitoring, and foot care over the past seven days. The Exercise subscale is 2 items assessing how many days participants engaged in exercise (0-7 days per week).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education
n=101 Participants
All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials. Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education: All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials.
Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors - Exercise
Post-intervention
2.88 days per week
Standard Deviation 2.30
Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors - Exercise
Baseline
2.07 days per week
Standard Deviation 1.99

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline; immediate post-intervention (approx. 20 weeks)

Population: Analysis used all available data from participants.

The Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) was used to assess self-management behaviors. The SDSCA is used to assess how well individuals with diabetes manage their condition by measuring the frequency (number of days) of their self-care practices like diet, exercise, blood glucose monitoring, and foot care over the past seven days. The Blood Glucose Testing subscale is 2 items assessing how many days participants tested their blood sugar (0-7 days per week).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education
n=101 Participants
All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials. Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education: All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials.
Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors - Blood Glucose Testing
Post-intervention
4.39 days per week
Standard Deviation 2.68
Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors - Blood Glucose Testing
Baseline
3.39 days per week
Standard Deviation 2.93

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline; immediate post-intervention (approx. 20 weeks)

Population: Analysis used all available data from participants.

The Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) was used to assess self-management behaviors. The SDSCA is used to assess how well individuals with diabetes manage their condition by measuring the frequency (number of days) of their self-care practices like diet, exercise, blood glucose monitoring, and foot care over the past seven days. The Foot Care subscale is 2 items assessing how many days participants performed a foot check and inspected the inside of their shoes (0-7 days per week).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education
n=101 Participants
All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials. Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education: All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials.
Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors - Foot Care
Baseline
4.19 days per week
Standard Deviation 2.83
Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors - Foot Care
Post-intervention
4.72 days per week
Standard Deviation 2.61

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline; immediate post-intervention (approx. 20 weeks)

Population: Analysis used all available data from participants.

The Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) was used to assess self-management behaviors. The SDSCA is used to assess how well individuals with diabetes manage their condition by measuring the frequency (number of days) of their self-care practices like diet, exercise, blood glucose monitoring, and foot care over the past seven days. Smoking was assessed using a single yes/no item.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education
n=101 Participants
All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials. Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education: All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials.
Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors - Smoking
Baseline · Yes
16 Participants
Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors - Smoking
Baseline · No
85 Participants
Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors - Smoking
Post-intervention · Yes
11 Participants
Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors - Smoking
Post-intervention · No
58 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline; immediate post-intervention (approx. 20 weeks)

Population: Analysis used all available data from participants.

The Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) was used to assess self-management behaviors. The SDSCA is used to assess how well individuals with diabetes manage their condition by measuring the frequency (number of days) of their self-care practices like diet, exercise, blood glucose monitoring, and foot care over the past seven days. The Medication Adherence subscale is 2 items assessing how many days participants adhered to taking recommended diabetes medications (0-7 days per week).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education
n=101 Participants
All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials. Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education: All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials.
Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors - Medication Adherence
Baseline
2.43 days per week
Standard Deviation 3.23
Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors - Medication Adherence
Post-intervention
2.26 days per week
Standard Deviation 3.23

Adverse Events

Type 2 Diabetes Appropriate Food Boxes + Diabetes Education

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Krista Langston

University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

Phone: 479-713-8000

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place