Early Risk Assessment in Household Contacts (≥10 Years) of TB Patients by New Diagnostic Tests in 3 African Countries

NCT ID: NCT04781257

Last Updated: 2023-11-28

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Total Enrollment

2100 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2021-03-01

Study Completion Date

2024-04-30

Brief Summary

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The ERASE - TB study will be conducted in order to fill a critical unmet need for tuberculosis control. Persons who are in contact with an infectious TB case may become infected themselves. Among those who are infected, most will stay healthy but some will develop TB themselves.

These people would benefit from preventive treatment, which would also stop TB from being spread to other persons.

The problem currently is that it is impossible to determine with certainty who would require preventive treatment, and who will remain healthy. Out of 100 persons exposed to an infectious TB patient, only 2 will go on to have TB according to a study in Vietnam, but there are no good tests available to identify those with a risk for TB disease. Treating 100 persons to prevent 2 cases of TB is not effective, so preventive treatment is not used in adults and adolescents in Tanzania, Mozambique and Zimbabwe, where this study will be conducted, but also in many other settings.

The ERASE - TB project will evaluate a number of newly developed diagnostic tests, to see which of those will be able to predict TB in persons at risk, and therefore steer preventive treatment well.

For this, the investigators will invite 2,100 household contacts (HHC) of infectious TB patients, who are at least 10 years old, into the study. Everyone will be examined initially, and again in regular intervals, for 1.5 to 2 years; and whenever the participants will present with symptoms that could indicate that they develop TB.

At every visit, the investigators will perform an X-ray and take some blood and urine samples to perform new candidate tests. At the first/baseline visit, all household contacts without TB will undergo a spirometry to evaluate their pulmonary function.

If someone is unwell, the investigators will also examine sputum for the presence of TB bacilli. In the end, the investigators will then be able to say who of the persons in the study developed TB, and who remained healthy. From all samples taken at different timepoints, the investigators will then determine which test found TB early, and clearly distinguished between persons developing TB, and persons who would remain healthy .

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Tuberculosis

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

COHORT

Study Time Perspective

PROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

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Household contacts with co-prevalent/incipient TB

Household contacts diagnosed with active TB at baseline/during the study period

New test candidates

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

The following new diagnostic tests will be done after the completion of the study with the samples (blood, sputum, urine) and data (digital X-ray) obtained during the study period:

CAD4TB / qXR Xpert Ultra® FLOW-TB TAM-TB 4RISK and COR Cepheid 3-gene signature cartridge BioMérieux ISIT TB blood transcription signature assay Multiplex LSHTM in-house host biomarker assay TB Screen biosignature SeroSelect

Retrospective testing of participants' samples and data acquired during the study period, differentiated between participants with co-prevalent/incipient TB and participants staying health throughout the trial

Household contacts staying healthy

Household contacts without active TB who remain healthy throughout the study

New test candidates

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

The following new diagnostic tests will be done after the completion of the study with the samples (blood, sputum, urine) and data (digital X-ray) obtained during the study period:

CAD4TB / qXR Xpert Ultra® FLOW-TB TAM-TB 4RISK and COR Cepheid 3-gene signature cartridge BioMérieux ISIT TB blood transcription signature assay Multiplex LSHTM in-house host biomarker assay TB Screen biosignature SeroSelect

Retrospective testing of participants' samples and data acquired during the study period, differentiated between participants with co-prevalent/incipient TB and participants staying health throughout the trial

Interventions

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New test candidates

The following new diagnostic tests will be done after the completion of the study with the samples (blood, sputum, urine) and data (digital X-ray) obtained during the study period:

CAD4TB / qXR Xpert Ultra® FLOW-TB TAM-TB 4RISK and COR Cepheid 3-gene signature cartridge BioMérieux ISIT TB blood transcription signature assay Multiplex LSHTM in-house host biomarker assay TB Screen biosignature SeroSelect

Retrospective testing of participants' samples and data acquired during the study period, differentiated between participants with co-prevalent/incipient TB and participants staying health throughout the trial

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

TB index case:

* Aged at least 18 years
* Having at least one other person living in the household aged ≥10 years
* Written informed consent to conduct socio-economic and clinical questionnaire, to provide a sputum sample for culture and sequencing, and to approach the household members.
* Recently diagnosed with active pulmonary TB within the last 4 weeks
* Has taken less than 7 daily doses of anti-TB treatment since diagnosis; ensuring a positive culture can still be obtained
* Able to spontaneously produce sputum
* Sputum microscopy positive in Ziehl-Neelsen or Auramine-O staining of ideally 2+ or higher, but at least 1+ on the IUATLD/WHO scale, OR (in case no sputum microscopy done) GeneXpert positive, at least TB "medium"
* A firm home address, maintained unchanged for the last 6 months, that is accessible to visiting

Household Contact:

* Aged at least 10 years
* Written informed consent for study participation, including HIV testing, and home visits by the study team for follow-up (for minors \<18 yr.: consent of the parent/guardian, assent of the participant)
* Recent (in the last 4 weeks), substantial exposure to an infectious TB case in the household, defined as sleeping at least 3/7 nights in the same household
* If HIV negative: not on preventive therapy (preventive therapy is not an exclusion criterion for HIV positive persons)

Exclusion Criteria

Household Contact

* Circumstances that raise doubt on free, uncoerced informed consent (e.g. in a mentally handicapped person)
* Prisoners
* Recent treatment for active TB, completed within the last 30 days OR on current TB treatment for active TB.
Minimum Eligible Age

10 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP)

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role collaborator

Michael Hoelscher

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Michael Hoelscher

Professor Dr.

Responsibility Role SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Theodora Mbunda, MD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

National Institute of Medical Research - Mbeya Medical Research Centre

Denise F Banze, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS)

Junior Mutsvangwa, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Biomedical Research & Training Institute (BRTI)

Locations

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Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS) Centro de Investigação e Treino em Saúde da Polana Caniço

Maputo, , Mozambique

Site Status

NIMR - Mbeya Medical Research Centre

Mbeya, , Tanzania

Site Status

Biomedical Research & Training Institute (BRTI)

Harare, , Zimbabwe

Site Status

Countries

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Mozambique Tanzania Zimbabwe

References

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Drain PK, Bajema KL, Dowdy D, Dheda K, Naidoo K, Schumacher SG, Ma S, Meermeier E, Lewinsohn DM, Sherman DR. Incipient and Subclinical Tuberculosis: a Clinical Review of Early Stages and Progression of Infection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2018 Jul 18;31(4):e00021-18. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00021-18. Print 2018 Oct.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30021818 (View on PubMed)

Fox GJ, Nhung NV, Sy DN, Hoa NLP, Anh LTN, Anh NT, Hoa NB, Dung NH, Buu TN, Loi NT, Nhung LT, Hung NV, Lieu PT, Cuong NK, Cuong PD, Bestrashniy J, Britton WJ, Marks GB. Household-Contact Investigation for Detection of Tuberculosis in Vietnam. N Engl J Med. 2018 Jan 18;378(3):221-229. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1700209.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29342390 (View on PubMed)

Swindells S, Ramchandani R, Gupta A, Benson CA, Leon-Cruz J, Mwelase N, Jean Juste MA, Lama JR, Valencia J, Omoz-Oarhe A, Supparatpinyo K, Masheto G, Mohapi L, da Silva Escada RO, Mawlana S, Banda P, Severe P, Hakim J, Kanyama C, Langat D, Moran L, Andersen J, Fletcher CV, Nuermberger E, Chaisson RE; BRIEF TB/A5279 Study Team. One Month of Rifapentine plus Isoniazid to Prevent HIV-Related Tuberculosis. N Engl J Med. 2019 Mar 14;380(11):1001-1011. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1806808.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30865794 (View on PubMed)

Marambire ET, Banze D, Mfinanga A, Mutsvangwa J, Mbunda TD, Ntinginya NE, Celso K, Kallenius G, Calderwood CJ, Geldmacher C, Held K, Appalarowthu T, Riess F, Panzner U, Heinrich N, Kranzer K; ERASE-TB Consortium. Early risk assessment in paediatric and adult household contacts of confirmed tuberculosis cases by novel diagnostic tests (ERASE-TB): protocol for a prospective, non-interventional, longitudinal, multicountry cohort study. BMJ Open. 2022 Jul 19;12(7):e060985. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060985.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 36427173 (View on PubMed)

Related Links

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https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/259176

Consensus Meeting Report: Development of a Target Product Profile (TPP) and a framework for evaluation for a test for predicting progression from tuberculosis infection to active disease

Other Identifiers

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LMU-IMPH-AIDA-03

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id