Trial Outcomes & Findings for Views on COVID-19 and Vaccination (NCT NCT04706403)

Last Updated: 2022-05-24

Results Overview

All participants were asked about their intent to be vaccinated against COVID-19 prior to exposure to one of the five physician messages (Response options: Yes, No, Not sure). After participants were randomly assigned to receive one of the five physician messages, reduction in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was assessed with the question: "Would you get vaccinated at this visit". Response options included yes, no, not sure. For participants whose initial vaccination intent was "not sure", a response of "yes" on re-assessment was defined as less hesitant. Response of "not sure" or "yes" were defined as less hesitant for participants whose initial vaccination intent was "no".

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

Target enrollment

756 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Through survey completion, an average of 12 minutes

Results posted on

2022-05-24

Participant Flow

Participants were recruited on Prolific.co from 01/12/21-02/01/21. Eligible panel members were \>= 18, English speaking, and U.S residents. Panel members were restricted to include White, Black, or Hispanic; Blacks and Hispanics were oversampled. Participants who responded "no" or "not sure" to "If you could get vaccinated for COVID-19 today, would you?" were classified as vaccine hesitant and randomized to receive 1 of 5 physician messages, after which their intent was reassessed.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Message 1 Participants were randomized to receive version #1 of 5 different versions of a message from a physician regarding the COVID-19 vaccination. All messages included a statement that the vaccine is very safe and very effective. In Message 1, this statement was followed by a participatory-style recommendation ("What do you think?")	Message 2 Participants were randomized to receive version #2 of 5 different versions of a message from a physician regarding vaccination. All messages included a statement that the vaccine is very safe and very effective. In Message 2, this statement was followed by a comparison of the COVID-19 vaccine to the flu shot and an explicit recommendation ("I recommend that you get it").	Message 3 Participants were randomized to receive version #3 of 5 different versions of a message from a physician regarding vaccination. All messages included a statement that the vaccine is very safe and very effective. In Message 3, this statement was followed by a statement that millions of people have already received the COVID-19 vaccine and an explicit recommendation ("I recommend that you get it").	Message 4 Participants were randomized to receive version #4 of 5 different versions of a message from a physician regarding vaccination. All messages included a statement that the vaccine is very safe and very effective. In Message 4, this statement was followed by an acknowledgment of concerns and reassurance that the physician personally reviewed the safety data and an explicit recommendation ("I recommend that you get it").	Message 5 Participants were randomized to receive version #5 of 5 different versions of a message from a physician regarding vaccination. All messages included a statement that the vaccine is very safe and very effective. In Message 5, this statement was followed by an emphasis on protecting others an explicit recommendation ("I recommend that you get it").
Overall Study STARTED	172	121	165	146	152
Overall Study COMPLETED	172	121	164	145	150
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	0	0	1	1	2

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure	Message 1 Participants were randomized to receive version #1 of 5 different versions of a message from a physician regarding the COVID-19 vaccination. All messages included a statement that the vaccine is very safe and very effective. In Message 1, this statement was followed by a participatory-style recommendation ("What do you think?")	Message 2 Participants were randomized to receive version #2 of 5 different versions of a message from a physician regarding vaccination. All messages included a statement that the vaccine is very safe and very effective. In Message 2, this statement was followed by a comparison of the COVID-19 vaccine to the flu shot and an explicit recommendation ("I recommend that you get it").	Message 3 Participants were randomized to receive version #3 of 5 different versions of a message from a physician regarding vaccination. All messages included a statement that the vaccine is very safe and very effective. In Message 3, this statement was followed by a statement that millions of people have already received the COVID-19 vaccine and an explicit recommendation ("I recommend that you get it").	Message 4 Participants were randomized to receive version #4 of 5 different versions of a message from a physician regarding vaccination. All messages included a statement that the vaccine is very safe and very effective. In Message 4, this statement was followed by an acknowledgment of concerns and reassurance that the physician personally reviewed the safety data and an explicit recommendation ("I recommend that you get it").	Message 5 Participants were randomized to receive version #5 of 5 different versions of a message from a physician regarding vaccination. All messages included a statement that the vaccine is very safe and very effective. In Message 5, this statement was followed by an emphasis on protecting others an explicit recommendation ("I recommend that you get it").
Overall Study Participants did not provide respond to the question re-assessing vaccination intent	0	0	1	1	2

Baseline Characteristics

Views on COVID-19 and Vaccination

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	Message 1 n=172 Participants Participants were randomized to receive version #1 of 5 different versions of a message from a physician regarding the COVID-19 vaccination. All messages included a statement that the vaccine is very safe and very effective. In Message 1, this statement was followed by a participatory-style recommendation ("What do you think?")	Message 2 n=121 Participants Participants were randomized to receive version #2 of 5 different versions of a message from a physician regarding vaccination. All messages included a statement that the vaccine is very safe and very effective. In Message 2, this statement was followed by a comparison of the COVID-19 vaccine to the flu shot and an explicit recommendation ("I recommend that you get it").	Message 3 n=164 Participants Participants were randomized to receive version #3 of 5 different versions of a message from a physician regarding vaccination. All messages included a statement that the vaccine is very safe and very effective. In Message 3, this statement was followed by a statement that millions of people have already received the COVID-19 vaccine and an explicit recommendation ("I recommend that you get it").	Message 4 n=145 Participants Participants were randomized to receive version #4 of 5 different versions of a message from a physician regarding vaccination. All messages included a statement that the vaccine is very safe and very effective. In Message 4, this statement was followed by an acknowledgement of concerns and reassurance that the physician personally reviewed the safety data and an explicit recommendation ("I recommend that you get it").	Message 5 n=150 Participants Participants were randomized to receive version #5 of 5 different versions of a message from a physician regarding vaccination. All messages included a statement that the vaccine is very safe and very effective. In Message 5, this statement was followed by an emphasis on protecting others an explicit recommendation ("I recommend that you get it").	Total n=752 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Customized Age · Less than 24 years	43 Participants n=5 Participants	31 Participants n=7 Participants	37 Participants n=5 Participants	38 Participants n=4 Participants	41 Participants n=21 Participants	190 Participants n=10 Participants
Age, Customized Age · 25 - 34 years	40 Participants n=5 Participants	32 Participants n=7 Participants	42 Participants n=5 Participants	28 Participants n=4 Participants	42 Participants n=21 Participants	184 Participants n=10 Participants
Age, Customized Age · 35 - 44 years	50 Participants n=5 Participants	27 Participants n=7 Participants	31 Participants n=5 Participants	50 Participants n=4 Participants	33 Participants n=21 Participants	191 Participants n=10 Participants
Age, Customized Age · 45 - 54 years	22 Participants n=5 Participants	21 Participants n=7 Participants	27 Participants n=5 Participants	17 Participants n=4 Participants	20 Participants n=21 Participants	107 Participants n=10 Participants
Age, Customized Age · 55 - 64 years	13 Participants n=5 Participants	4 Participants n=7 Participants	20 Participants n=5 Participants	10 Participants n=4 Participants	11 Participants n=21 Participants	58 Participants n=10 Participants
Age, Customized Age · 65 years or older	3 Participants n=5 Participants	5 Participants n=7 Participants	3 Participants n=5 Participants	2 Participants n=4 Participants	2 Participants n=21 Participants	15 Participants n=10 Participants
Age, Customized Age · Missing	1 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=7 Participants	4 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	1 Participants n=21 Participants	7 Participants n=10 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized Gender · Male	62 Participants n=5 Participants	41 Participants n=7 Participants	71 Participants n=5 Participants	52 Participants n=4 Participants	65 Participants n=21 Participants	291 Participants n=10 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized Gender · Female	108 Participants n=5 Participants	78 Participants n=7 Participants	88 Participants n=5 Participants	93 Participants n=4 Participants	82 Participants n=21 Participants	449 Participants n=10 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized Gender · Other	0 Participants n=5 Participants	2 Participants n=7 Participants	4 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=21 Participants	6 Participants n=10 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized Gender · Prefer not to say	1 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=21 Participants	1 Participants n=10 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized Gender · Missing	1 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	1 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	3 Participants n=21 Participants	5 Participants n=10 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Hispanic/Latino	35 Participants n=5 Participants	31 Participants n=7 Participants	41 Participants n=5 Participants	33 Participants n=4 Participants	37 Participants n=21 Participants	177 Participants n=10 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Black/African American	79 Participants n=5 Participants	52 Participants n=7 Participants	66 Participants n=5 Participants	64 Participants n=4 Participants	65 Participants n=21 Participants	326 Participants n=10 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized White	58 Participants n=5 Participants	37 Participants n=7 Participants	57 Participants n=5 Participants	48 Participants n=4 Participants	48 Participants n=21 Participants	248 Participants n=10 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Missing	0 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=21 Participants	1 Participants n=10 Participants
Region of Enrollment United States	172 participants n=5 Participants	121 participants n=7 Participants	164 participants n=5 Participants	145 participants n=4 Participants	150 participants n=21 Participants	752 participants n=10 Participants
Initial Vaccination Intent Initially "No"	103 Participants n=5 Participants	66 Participants n=7 Participants	83 Participants n=5 Participants	78 Participants n=4 Participants	81 Participants n=21 Participants	411 Participants n=10 Participants
Initial Vaccination Intent Initially "Not Sure"	69 Participants n=5 Participants	55 Participants n=7 Participants	81 Participants n=5 Participants	67 Participants n=4 Participants	69 Participants n=21 Participants	341 Participants n=10 Participants
Education High School or Less	44 Participants n=5 Participants	40 Participants n=7 Participants	53 Participants n=5 Participants	38 Participants n=4 Participants	49 Participants n=21 Participants	224 Participants n=10 Participants
Education Some college	86 Participants n=5 Participants	56 Participants n=7 Participants	85 Participants n=5 Participants	70 Participants n=4 Participants	68 Participants n=21 Participants	365 Participants n=10 Participants
Education 4-year college or more	42 Participants n=5 Participants	25 Participants n=7 Participants	25 Participants n=5 Participants	36 Participants n=4 Participants	32 Participants n=21 Participants	160 Participants n=10 Participants
Education Missing	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	1 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=4 Participants	1 Participants n=21 Participants	3 Participants n=10 Participants
Employment Employed	88 Participants n=5 Participants	64 Participants n=7 Participants	83 Participants n=5 Participants	83 Participants n=4 Participants	76 Participants n=21 Participants	394 Participants n=10 Participants
Employment Unemployed	30 Participants n=5 Participants	20 Participants n=7 Participants	29 Participants n=5 Participants	20 Participants n=4 Participants	30 Participants n=21 Participants	129 Participants n=10 Participants
Employment Student	25 Participants n=5 Participants	15 Participants n=7 Participants	15 Participants n=5 Participants	19 Participants n=4 Participants	18 Participants n=21 Participants	92 Participants n=10 Participants
Employment Homemaker	16 Participants n=5 Participants	12 Participants n=7 Participants	9 Participants n=5 Participants	14 Participants n=4 Participants	13 Participants n=21 Participants	64 Participants n=10 Participants
Employment Disabled	6 Participants n=5 Participants	3 Participants n=7 Participants	10 Participants n=5 Participants	4 Participants n=4 Participants	5 Participants n=21 Participants	28 Participants n=10 Participants
Employment Retired	3 Participants n=5 Participants	3 Participants n=7 Participants	7 Participants n=5 Participants	4 Participants n=4 Participants	4 Participants n=21 Participants	21 Participants n=10 Participants
Employment Other	4 Participants n=5 Participants	3 Participants n=7 Participants	10 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=4 Participants	4 Participants n=21 Participants	22 Participants n=10 Participants
Employment Missing	0 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=7 Participants	1 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=21 Participants	2 Participants n=10 Participants
Household Income Less than $30,000	47 Participants n=5 Participants	43 Participants n=7 Participants	55 Participants n=5 Participants	40 Participants n=4 Participants	57 Participants n=21 Participants	242 Participants n=10 Participants
Household Income $30,000 - $60,000	53 Participants n=5 Participants	41 Participants n=7 Participants	57 Participants n=5 Participants	51 Participants n=4 Participants	53 Participants n=21 Participants	255 Participants n=10 Participants
Household Income $60,000 - $100,000	44 Participants n=5 Participants	27 Participants n=7 Participants	35 Participants n=5 Participants	26 Participants n=4 Participants	27 Participants n=21 Participants	159 Participants n=10 Participants
Household Income More than $100,000	21 Participants n=5 Participants	7 Participants n=7 Participants	11 Participants n=5 Participants	19 Participants n=4 Participants	9 Participants n=21 Participants	67 Participants n=10 Participants
Household Income Prefer not to answer	6 Participants n=5 Participants	2 Participants n=7 Participants	5 Participants n=5 Participants	9 Participants n=4 Participants	3 Participants n=21 Participants	25 Participants n=10 Participants
Household Income Missing	1 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=7 Participants	1 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	1 Participants n=21 Participants	4 Participants n=10 Participants
Geographic region South	90 Participants n=5 Participants	66 Participants n=7 Participants	80 Participants n=5 Participants	75 Participants n=4 Participants	80 Participants n=21 Participants	391 Participants n=10 Participants
Geographic region Midwest	28 Participants n=5 Participants	17 Participants n=7 Participants	34 Participants n=5 Participants	31 Participants n=4 Participants	21 Participants n=21 Participants	131 Participants n=10 Participants
Geographic region West	28 Participants n=5 Participants	21 Participants n=7 Participants	23 Participants n=5 Participants	15 Participants n=4 Participants	33 Participants n=21 Participants	120 Participants n=10 Participants
Geographic region Northeast	26 Participants n=5 Participants	17 Participants n=7 Participants	27 Participants n=5 Participants	24 Participants n=4 Participants	16 Participants n=21 Participants	110 Participants n=10 Participants
History of flu shot Ever, in the last 5 years	73 Participants n=5 Participants	40 Participants n=7 Participants	70 Participants n=5 Participants	78 Participants n=4 Participants	71 Participants n=21 Participants	332 Participants n=10 Participants
History of flu shot Not sure or no	99 Participants n=5 Participants	81 Participants n=7 Participants	93 Participants n=5 Participants	67 Participants n=4 Participants	79 Participants n=21 Participants	419 Participants n=10 Participants
History of flu shot Missing	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	1 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=21 Participants	1 Participants n=10 Participants
Self-rated overall health Excellent	22 Participants n=5 Participants	12 Participants n=7 Participants	13 Participants n=5 Participants	9 Participants n=4 Participants	13 Participants n=21 Participants	69 Participants n=10 Participants
Self-rated overall health Very good	44 Participants n=5 Participants	34 Participants n=7 Participants	48 Participants n=5 Participants	40 Participants n=4 Participants	39 Participants n=21 Participants	205 Participants n=10 Participants
Self-rated overall health Good	69 Participants n=5 Participants	51 Participants n=7 Participants	66 Participants n=5 Participants	58 Participants n=4 Participants	65 Participants n=21 Participants	309 Participants n=10 Participants
Self-rated overall health Fair	27 Participants n=5 Participants	19 Participants n=7 Participants	34 Participants n=5 Participants	33 Participants n=4 Participants	24 Participants n=21 Participants	137 Participants n=10 Participants
Self-rated overall health Poor	9 Participants n=5 Participants	5 Participants n=7 Participants	3 Participants n=5 Participants	5 Participants n=4 Participants	8 Participants n=21 Participants	30 Participants n=10 Participants
Self-rated overall health Missing	1 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	1 Participants n=21 Participants	2 Participants n=10 Participants
Self-rated overall mental health Excellent	22 Participants n=5 Participants	17 Participants n=7 Participants	22 Participants n=5 Participants	12 Participants n=4 Participants	18 Participants n=21 Participants	91 Participants n=10 Participants
Self-rated overall mental health Very good	43 Participants n=5 Participants	31 Participants n=7 Participants	37 Participants n=5 Participants	33 Participants n=4 Participants	30 Participants n=21 Participants	174 Participants n=10 Participants
Self-rated overall mental health Good	42 Participants n=5 Participants	38 Participants n=7 Participants	48 Participants n=5 Participants	47 Participants n=4 Participants	50 Participants n=21 Participants	225 Participants n=10 Participants
Self-rated overall mental health Fair	51 Participants n=5 Participants	20 Participants n=7 Participants	39 Participants n=5 Participants	35 Participants n=4 Participants	40 Participants n=21 Participants	185 Participants n=10 Participants
Self-rated overall mental health Poor	14 Participants n=5 Participants	15 Participants n=7 Participants	18 Participants n=5 Participants	17 Participants n=4 Participants	12 Participants n=21 Participants	76 Participants n=10 Participants
Self-rated overall mental health Missing	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=21 Participants	1 Participants n=10 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Through survey completion, an average of 12 minutes

Population: Four participants were excluded from the analyses because they did not respond to the question re-assessing vaccination intent following exposure to a physician recommendation.