Trial Outcomes & Findings for Brief Video Interventions for Depression (NCT NCT04643964)

Last Updated: 2024-05-20

Results Overview

The Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms-Self Report is a 16-item self-report scale that measures depressive symptom severity. Scores range from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating greater depressive symptoms.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

Target enrollment

655 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Baseline, 1-2 weeks after baseline

Results posted on

2024-05-20

Participant Flow

951 participants were eligible. 272 participants discontinued before randomization, 6 participants did not provide sufficient identification to invite them to Time 2 of the study, and 18 participants attempted to complete Time 1 multiple times.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Entrée: Cognitive Skills Entrée: Cognitive skills: In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering cognitive emotion regulation skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice identifying and evaluating their own thoughts using an intervention worksheet. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to use the intervention skills.	Entrée: Behavioral Skills Entrée: Behavioral skills: In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering behavioral emotion regulation skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice scheduling activities that might give them a sense of pleasure or accomplishment using an intervention worksheet. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to schedule and engage in behaviors in line with the intervention skills.	Entrée: Interpersonal Skills Entrée: Interpersonal skills: In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering interpersonal emotion regulation skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice communicating effectively using an intervention worksheet. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to use the intervention skills.	Sampler Skills Sampler skills: In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering three emotion regulation skills: cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice using skills using intervention worksheets. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to use the intervention skills.	Control Participants are not given videos to watch until their involvement in the study ends.
Overall Study STARTED	86	90	89	258	132
Overall Study COMPLETED	30	23	33	115	73
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	56	67	56	143	59

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure	Entrée: Cognitive Skills Entrée: Cognitive skills: In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering cognitive emotion regulation skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice identifying and evaluating their own thoughts using an intervention worksheet. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to use the intervention skills.	Entrée: Behavioral Skills Entrée: Behavioral skills: In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering behavioral emotion regulation skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice scheduling activities that might give them a sense of pleasure or accomplishment using an intervention worksheet. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to schedule and engage in behaviors in line with the intervention skills.	Entrée: Interpersonal Skills Entrée: Interpersonal skills: In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering interpersonal emotion regulation skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice communicating effectively using an intervention worksheet. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to use the intervention skills.	Sampler Skills Sampler skills: In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering three emotion regulation skills: cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice using skills using intervention worksheets. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to use the intervention skills.	Control Participants are not given videos to watch until their involvement in the study ends.
Overall Study Lost to Follow-up	55	59	54	129	48
Overall Study Failed attention check	1	8	2	14	11

Baseline Characteristics

Number differs because some participants did not enter their age.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	Entrée: Cognitive Skills n=86 Participants Entrée: Cognitive skills: In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering cognitive emotion regulation skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice identifying and evaluating their own thoughts using an intervention worksheet. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to use the intervention skills.	Entrée: Behavioral Skills n=90 Participants Entrée: Behavioral skills: In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering behavioral emotion regulation skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice scheduling activities that might give them a sense of pleasure or accomplishment using an intervention worksheet. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to schedule and engage in behaviors in line with the intervention skills.	Entrée: Interpersonal Skills n=89 Participants Entrée: Interpersonal skills: In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering interpersonal emotion regulation skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice communicating effectively using an intervention worksheet. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to use the intervention skills.	Sampler Skills n=258 Participants Sampler skills: In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering three emotion regulation skills: cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice using skills using intervention worksheets. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to use the intervention skills.	Control n=132 Participants Participants are not given videos to watch until their involvement in the study ends.	Total n=655 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous	36.15 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.29 • n=86 Participants • Number differs because some participants did not enter their age.	34.95 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.67 • n=88 Participants • Number differs because some participants did not enter their age.	37.07 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.40 • n=89 Participants • Number differs because some participants did not enter their age.	35.50 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.63 • n=257 Participants • Number differs because some participants did not enter their age.	36.48 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.63 • n=132 Participants • Number differs because some participants did not enter their age.	35.93 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.77 • n=652 Participants • Number differs because some participants did not enter their age.
Sex/Gender, Customized Female	49 Participants n=86 Participants	49 Participants n=90 Participants	50 Participants n=89 Participants	140 Participants n=258 Participants	75 Participants n=132 Participants	363 Participants n=655 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized Male	35 Participants n=86 Participants	37 Participants n=90 Participants	36 Participants n=89 Participants	110 Participants n=258 Participants	49 Participants n=132 Participants	267 Participants n=655 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized Another gender	2 Participants n=86 Participants	4 Participants n=90 Participants	3 Participants n=89 Participants	8 Participants n=258 Participants	7 Participants n=132 Participants	24 Participants n=655 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized Did not give	0 Participants n=86 Participants	0 Participants n=90 Participants	0 Participants n=89 Participants	0 Participants n=258 Participants	1 Participants n=132 Participants	1 Participants n=655 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized American Indian/Alaska Native	0 Participants n=86 Participants	1 Participants n=90 Participants	1 Participants n=89 Participants	2 Participants n=258 Participants	0 Participants n=132 Participants	4 Participants n=655 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Asian	6 Participants n=86 Participants	7 Participants n=90 Participants	4 Participants n=89 Participants	21 Participants n=258 Participants	6 Participants n=132 Participants	44 Participants n=655 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Black	13 Participants n=86 Participants	19 Participants n=90 Participants	16 Participants n=89 Participants	30 Participants n=258 Participants	17 Participants n=132 Participants	95 Participants n=655 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Hispanic/Latino	5 Participants n=86 Participants	8 Participants n=90 Participants	7 Participants n=89 Participants	15 Participants n=258 Participants	6 Participants n=132 Participants	41 Participants n=655 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Middle Eastern/North African	1 Participants n=86 Participants	0 Participants n=90 Participants	0 Participants n=89 Participants	1 Participants n=258 Participants	0 Participants n=132 Participants	2 Participants n=655 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	1 Participants n=86 Participants	0 Participants n=90 Participants	0 Participants n=89 Participants	1 Participants n=258 Participants	1 Participants n=132 Participants	3 Participants n=655 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized White	50 Participants n=86 Participants	48 Participants n=90 Participants	56 Participants n=89 Participants	172 Participants n=258 Participants	100 Participants n=132 Participants	426 Participants n=655 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Other/multi-racial	10 Participants n=86 Participants	7 Participants n=90 Participants	5 Participants n=89 Participants	16 Participants n=258 Participants	2 Participants n=132 Participants	40 Participants n=655 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 1-2 weeks after baseline

Population: Number differs because: (1) some participants did not enter information in to complete the measure, and (2) some participants did not move on to Time 2.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Entrée: Cognitive Skills n=86 Participants Entrée: Cognitive skills: In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering cognitive emotion regulation skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice identifying and evaluating their own thoughts using an intervention worksheet. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to use the intervention skills.	Entrée: Behavioral Skills n=90 Participants Entrée: Behavioral skills: In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering behavioral emotion regulation skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice scheduling activities that might give them a sense of pleasure or accomplishment using an intervention worksheet. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to schedule and engage in behaviors in line with the intervention skills.	Entrée: Interpersonal Skills n=89 Participants Entrée: Interpersonal skills: In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering interpersonal emotion regulation skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice communicating effectively using an intervention worksheet. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to use the intervention skills.	Sampler Skills n=258 Participants Sampler skills: In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering three emotion regulation skills: cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice using skills using intervention worksheets. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to use the intervention skills.	Control n=132 Participants Participants are not given videos to watch until their involvement in the study ends.
Change in the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms-Self Report (QIDS-SR) Time 1, Baseline	13.67 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.90	14.09 units on a scale Standard Deviation 4.67	14.29 units on a scale Standard Deviation 4.15	13.79 units on a scale Standard Deviation 4.38	14.03 units on a scale Standard Deviation 4.38
Change in the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms-Self Report (QIDS-SR) Time 2, 1-2 weeks after baseline	13.00 units on a scale Standard Deviation 4.32	11.91 units on a scale Standard Deviation 5.61	12.94 units on a scale Standard Deviation 4.44	11.47 units on a scale Standard Deviation 4.72	12.60 units on a scale Standard Deviation 5.36

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 1-2 weeks after baseline

Population: Number differs because: (1) some participants did not enter information in to complete the measure, (2) some participants did not move on to Time 2, and (3) some participants entered in data that was not possible to code (e.g., "N/A").

The Ways of Responding Questionnaire is a measure of compensatory skills taught in CBT for depression. Participants respond to 6 hypothetical stressful situations in which their initial thoughts regarding the event are given. Quality scores range from 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating greater CBT skills.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Entrée: Cognitive Skills n=86 Participants Entrée: Cognitive skills: In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering cognitive emotion regulation skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice identifying and evaluating their own thoughts using an intervention worksheet. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to use the intervention skills.	Entrée: Behavioral Skills n=90 Participants Entrée: Behavioral skills: In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering behavioral emotion regulation skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice scheduling activities that might give them a sense of pleasure or accomplishment using an intervention worksheet. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to schedule and engage in behaviors in line with the intervention skills.	Entrée: Interpersonal Skills n=89 Participants Entrée: Interpersonal skills: In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering interpersonal emotion regulation skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice communicating effectively using an intervention worksheet. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to use the intervention skills.	Sampler Skills n=258 Participants Sampler skills: In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering three emotion regulation skills: cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice using skills using intervention worksheets. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to use the intervention skills.	Control n=132 Participants Participants are not given videos to watch until their involvement in the study ends.
Change in the Ways of Responding Questionnaire (WOR) Time 1, Baseline	3.58 units on a scale Standard Deviation .92	3.70 units on a scale Standard Deviation .95	3.71 units on a scale Standard Deviation .75	3.70 units on a scale Standard Deviation .87	3.7 units on a scale Standard Deviation .88
Change in the Ways of Responding Questionnaire (WOR) Time 2, 1-2 weeks after baseline	3.88 units on a scale Standard Deviation .97	4.08 units on a scale Standard Deviation .94	3.87 units on a scale Standard Deviation .75	4.02 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.01	3.96 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.02

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 1-2 weeks after baseline

The Styles of Emotion Response Questionnaire is a 36-item self-report scale that measures the extent to which respondents endorse four different domains of coping skills: cognitive, behavioral, interpersonal, and mindfulness. For each item, participants are asked how often they use the strategy and how much feeling upset negatively impacts the use of this strategy. Scores from the first three skills are secondary outcomes. Scores range from 72-360, with higher scores indicating greater coping skill use. For the purpose of this study, we used the Cognitive, Behavioral, and Interpersonal scales. Scores in each subscale range from 18-90, with higher scores indicating greater coping skill use in that domain.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Entrée: Cognitive Skills n=86 Participants Entrée: Cognitive skills: In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering cognitive emotion regulation skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice identifying and evaluating their own thoughts using an intervention worksheet. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to use the intervention skills.	Entrée: Behavioral Skills n=90 Participants Entrée: Behavioral skills: In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering behavioral emotion regulation skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice scheduling activities that might give them a sense of pleasure or accomplishment using an intervention worksheet. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to schedule and engage in behaviors in line with the intervention skills.	Entrée: Interpersonal Skills n=89 Participants Entrée: Interpersonal skills: In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering interpersonal emotion regulation skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice communicating effectively using an intervention worksheet. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to use the intervention skills.	Sampler Skills n=258 Participants Sampler skills: In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering three emotion regulation skills: cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice using skills using intervention worksheets. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to use the intervention skills.	Control n=132 Participants Participants are not given videos to watch until their involvement in the study ends.
Change in the Styles of Emotion Response Questionnaire (SERQ) Cognitive Subscale: Time 1, Baseline	33.45 units on a scale Standard Deviation 6.80	32.85 units on a scale Standard Deviation 6.50	33.31 units on a scale Standard Deviation 5.31	32.69 units on a scale Standard Deviation 7.56	32.57 units on a scale Standard Deviation 7.43
Change in the Styles of Emotion Response Questionnaire (SERQ) Cognitive Subscale: Time 2, 1-2 weeks after baseline	33.41 units on a scale Standard Deviation 6.96	32.61 units on a scale Standard Deviation 6.62	34.12 units on a scale Standard Deviation 5.99	34.04 units on a scale Standard Deviation 7.56	33.31 units on a scale Standard Deviation 7.53
Change in the Styles of Emotion Response Questionnaire (SERQ) Behavioral Subscale: Time 1, Baseline	33.31 units on a scale Standard Deviation 8.09	31.36 units on a scale Standard Deviation 7.86	32.44 units on a scale Standard Deviation 6.02	31.84 units on a scale Standard Deviation 8.35	31.32 units on a scale Standard Deviation 8.06
Change in the Styles of Emotion Response Questionnaire (SERQ) Behavioral Subscale: Time 2, 1-2 weeks after baseline	35.17 units on a scale Standard Deviation 6.85	34.13 units on a scale Standard Deviation 6.88	32.88 units on a scale Standard Deviation 6.91	33.22 units on a scale Standard Deviation 8.18	32.73 units on a scale Standard Deviation 8.14
Change in the Styles of Emotion Response Questionnaire (SERQ) Interpersonal Subscale: Time 1, Baseline	32.11 units on a scale Standard Deviation 7.50	30.38 units on a scale Standard Deviation 8.31	30.75 units on a scale Standard Deviation 6.73	30.53 units on a scale Standard Deviation 8.37	30.88 units on a scale Standard Deviation 8.43
Change in the Styles of Emotion Response Questionnaire (SERQ) Interpersonal Subscale: Time 2, 1-2 weeks after baseline	33.38 units on a scale Standard Deviation 6.75	31.43 units on a scale Standard Deviation 7.44	31.15 units on a scale Standard Deviation 6.49	31.16 units on a scale Standard Deviation 8.44	31.16 units on a scale Standard Deviation 8.34

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 1-2 weeks after baseline

The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale, Version 3 is a 20-item self-report scale that measures subjective feelings of loneliness and isolation. Scores range from 20-80, with higher scores indicating greater subjective experience of loneliness.