Macronutrients and Satiety in Older and Younger Adults

NCT ID: NCT04623450

Last Updated: 2020-11-12

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

40 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-05-05

Study Completion Date

2021-09-09

Brief Summary

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This study aims to compare the effect of meals high in protein, fat and carbohydrate but equal in energy and volume on energy intake, perceived appetite and gastric emptying in younger (\<40 years) and older (\> 65 years) people living in the United Kingdom (UK).

Detailed Description

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To assess if increasing protein intake in older adults will have a compensatory decrease in energy intake due to protein's satiating effects.

To compare the effect of meals high in protein, fat and carbohydrate but equal in energy and volume on energy intake and perceived appetite in younger (\<40 years) and older adults (\>65 years).

To compare the effect of meals high in protein, fat and carbohydrate but equal in energy and volume on gastric emptying in younger (\<40 years) and older adults (\>65 years).

Conditions

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Appetitive Behavior Gastric Emptying

Keywords

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younger adults older adults appetite satiety macronutrients

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

Primary Study Purpose

OTHER

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Participants

Study Groups

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High Carbohydrate Meal

A smoothie including maltodextrin and low-fat strawberry yoghurt - 289 kcal, 61g carbohydrate, 6.7g protein, 1.9g fat.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Smoothie

Intervention Type OTHER

Preload smoothies that are matched for taste, smell, appearance, quantity and calorie but different caloric content.

High Fat Meal

A smoothie including double cream and low-fat strawberry yoghurt - 312 kcal, 13.3g carbohydrate, 7g protein, 25.5g fat.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Smoothie

Intervention Type OTHER

Preload smoothies that are matched for taste, smell, appearance, quantity and calorie but different caloric content.

High Protein Meal

A smoothie including whey protein and low-fat strawberry yoghurt - 307 kcal, 13.6g carbohydrate, 57g protein, 2.7g fat.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Smoothie

Intervention Type OTHER

Preload smoothies that are matched for taste, smell, appearance, quantity and calorie but different caloric content.

Interventions

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Smoothie

Preload smoothies that are matched for taste, smell, appearance, quantity and calorie but different caloric content.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* either aged \>65 years or \<40 years
* healthy

Exclusion Criteria

* having a disease and/or using a medication that can impact on appetite in the past three months;
* having an allergy to any of the test foods;
* disliking or cannot eat any of the test foods;
* being pregnant or breastfeeding;
* being obese (BMI \> 30 kg/m2);
* being on a weight loss diet;
* smoking more than 10 cigarettes a day.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Ministry of National Education, Turkey

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Reading

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Miriam Clegg

Lecturer

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

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University of Reading

Reading, , United Kingdom

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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United Kingdom

Central Contacts

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Miriam Clegg, BSc, PhD

Role: CONTACT

Phone: +44 (0)118 378 8723

Email: [email protected]

Lisa Methven, BSc, PhD

Role: CONTACT

Phone: +44 (0)118 378 8714

Email: [email protected]

Facility Contacts

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Miriam Clegg, BSc, PhD

Role: primary

Lisa Methven, BSc, PhD

Role: backup

References

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Deutz NE, Bauer JM, Barazzoni R, Biolo G, Boirie Y, Bosy-Westphal A, Cederholm T, Cruz-Jentoft A, Krznaric Z, Nair KS, Singer P, Teta D, Tipton K, Calder PC. Protein intake and exercise for optimal muscle function with aging: recommendations from the ESPEN Expert Group. Clin Nutr. 2014 Dec;33(6):929-36. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.04.007. Epub 2014 Apr 24.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24814383 (View on PubMed)

Clarkston WK, Pantano MM, Morley JE, Horowitz M, Littlefield JM, Burton FR. Evidence for the anorexia of aging: gastrointestinal transit and hunger in healthy elderly vs. young adults. Am J Physiol. 1997 Jan;272(1 Pt 2):R243-8. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.1997.272.1.R243.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9039015 (View on PubMed)

Blundell JE, Burley VJ, Cotton JR, Lawton CL. Dietary fat and the control of energy intake: evaluating the effects of fat on meal size and postmeal satiety. Am J Clin Nutr. 1993 May;57(5 Suppl):772S-777S; discussion 777S-778S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/57.5.772S.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8475895 (View on PubMed)

Rolls BJ, Kim-Harris S, Fischman MW, Foltin RW, Moran TH, Stoner SA. Satiety after preloads with different amounts of fat and carbohydrate: implications for obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994 Oct;60(4):476-87. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/60.4.476.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 7661908 (View on PubMed)

Clegg ME, Williams EA. Optimizing nutrition in older people. Maturitas. 2018 Jun;112:34-38. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.04.001. Epub 2018 Apr 4.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29704915 (View on PubMed)

Giezenaar C, Trahair LG, Luscombe-Marsh ND, Hausken T, Standfield S, Jones KL, Lange K, Horowitz M, Chapman I, Soenen S. Effects of randomized whey-protein loads on energy intake, appetite, gastric emptying, and plasma gut-hormone concentrations in older men and women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Sep;106(3):865-877. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.117.154377. Epub 2017 Jul 26.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28747330 (View on PubMed)

Appleton KM. Limited compensation at the following meal for protein and energy intake at a lunch meal in healthy free-living older adults. Clin Nutr. 2018 Jun;37(3):970-977. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.03.032. Epub 2017 Apr 7.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28431774 (View on PubMed)

Beelen J, de Roos NM, de Groot LC. Protein Enrichment of Familiar Foods as an Innovative Strategy to Increase Protein Intake in Institutionalized Elderly. J Nutr Health Aging. 2017;21(2):173-179. doi: 10.1007/s12603-016-0733-y.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28112772 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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UREC 19/25

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id