Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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UNKNOWN
NA
40 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2019-05-05
2021-09-09
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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To compare the effect of meals high in protein, fat and carbohydrate but equal in energy and volume on energy intake and perceived appetite in younger (\<40 years) and older adults (\>65 years).
To compare the effect of meals high in protein, fat and carbohydrate but equal in energy and volume on gastric emptying in younger (\<40 years) and older adults (\>65 years).
Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
CROSSOVER
OTHER
SINGLE
Study Groups
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High Carbohydrate Meal
A smoothie including maltodextrin and low-fat strawberry yoghurt - 289 kcal, 61g carbohydrate, 6.7g protein, 1.9g fat.
Smoothie
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High Fat Meal
A smoothie including double cream and low-fat strawberry yoghurt - 312 kcal, 13.3g carbohydrate, 7g protein, 25.5g fat.
Smoothie
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High Protein Meal
A smoothie including whey protein and low-fat strawberry yoghurt - 307 kcal, 13.6g carbohydrate, 57g protein, 2.7g fat.
Smoothie
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Interventions
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Smoothie
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* healthy
Exclusion Criteria
* having an allergy to any of the test foods;
* disliking or cannot eat any of the test foods;
* being pregnant or breastfeeding;
* being obese (BMI \> 30 kg/m2);
* being on a weight loss diet;
* smoking more than 10 cigarettes a day.
18 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Ministry of National Education, Turkey
OTHER_GOV
University of Reading
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Miriam Clegg
Lecturer
Locations
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University of Reading
Reading, , United Kingdom
Countries
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Central Contacts
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Facility Contacts
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Miriam Clegg, BSc, PhD
Role: primary
Lisa Methven, BSc, PhD
Role: backup
References
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Deutz NE, Bauer JM, Barazzoni R, Biolo G, Boirie Y, Bosy-Westphal A, Cederholm T, Cruz-Jentoft A, Krznaric Z, Nair KS, Singer P, Teta D, Tipton K, Calder PC. Protein intake and exercise for optimal muscle function with aging: recommendations from the ESPEN Expert Group. Clin Nutr. 2014 Dec;33(6):929-36. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.04.007. Epub 2014 Apr 24.
Clarkston WK, Pantano MM, Morley JE, Horowitz M, Littlefield JM, Burton FR. Evidence for the anorexia of aging: gastrointestinal transit and hunger in healthy elderly vs. young adults. Am J Physiol. 1997 Jan;272(1 Pt 2):R243-8. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.1997.272.1.R243.
Blundell JE, Burley VJ, Cotton JR, Lawton CL. Dietary fat and the control of energy intake: evaluating the effects of fat on meal size and postmeal satiety. Am J Clin Nutr. 1993 May;57(5 Suppl):772S-777S; discussion 777S-778S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/57.5.772S.
Rolls BJ, Kim-Harris S, Fischman MW, Foltin RW, Moran TH, Stoner SA. Satiety after preloads with different amounts of fat and carbohydrate: implications for obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994 Oct;60(4):476-87. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/60.4.476.
Clegg ME, Williams EA. Optimizing nutrition in older people. Maturitas. 2018 Jun;112:34-38. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.04.001. Epub 2018 Apr 4.
Giezenaar C, Trahair LG, Luscombe-Marsh ND, Hausken T, Standfield S, Jones KL, Lange K, Horowitz M, Chapman I, Soenen S. Effects of randomized whey-protein loads on energy intake, appetite, gastric emptying, and plasma gut-hormone concentrations in older men and women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Sep;106(3):865-877. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.117.154377. Epub 2017 Jul 26.
Appleton KM. Limited compensation at the following meal for protein and energy intake at a lunch meal in healthy free-living older adults. Clin Nutr. 2018 Jun;37(3):970-977. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.03.032. Epub 2017 Apr 7.
Beelen J, de Roos NM, de Groot LC. Protein Enrichment of Familiar Foods as an Innovative Strategy to Increase Protein Intake in Institutionalized Elderly. J Nutr Health Aging. 2017;21(2):173-179. doi: 10.1007/s12603-016-0733-y.
Other Identifiers
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UREC 19/25
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id