Prevalence of Periodontal Diseases Among Obese Egyptian Patients

NCT ID: NCT04618068

Last Updated: 2020-11-05

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Total Enrollment

314 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2020-10-28

Study Completion Date

2021-10-31

Brief Summary

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The study is a cross-sectional survey investigating the Prevalence of Different Stages of Periodontal Diseases among a sample of Young Adult Obese Egyptian patients attending the oral diagnosis clinic at faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University.

Detailed Description

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In recent years, research has focused on the relationship between periodontitis and systemic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases and obesity. Obesity is the result of many disorders arising from several different causes, including complex interactions among genetic, biochemical, neural and psychological factors as well as environmental, social and economic factors. Moreover, obesity is considered itself a risk factor for several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, tumors and potentially for periodontal disease.

Obesity has a significant association with periodontitis in terms of body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip circumference ratio, body fat, and maximum oxygen consumption. The BMI has always been considered a simple method for analysis of the nutritional status by world health organization. In 2014, the world health organization (WHO) estimated that around 600 million obese adults worldwide were obese and a further increase is expected in the future due to increased consumption of high-calorie diets and a sedentary lifestyle.

A bidirectional relationship links metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes or obesity and periodontitis The common soil between these chronic conditions is likely to be systemic, low-grade inflammation: dental plaque releases bioactive products, which in turn stimulate host responses at the gingival and systemic level, promoting the release of inflammatory cytokines. These mediators are implicated in insulin resistance, impaired β-cell function, endothelial dysfunction, driving diabetes onset and the accelerating atherosclerosis marking it.

The association between obesity and periodontitis is one of the most recent fields of research in periodontal medicine and the possible underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. Since then, the hypothesis that obesity is a risk factor for periodontitis has been evidenced by several epidemiological studies. The visceral adipose tissue has been shown to act as an organ that secretes important bioactive substances termed adipocytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, which may affect periodontal disease pathogenesis

A recent study has shown that in a population young adults, tumor necrosis factor levels in gingival crevicular fluid correlate with individuals with BMI greater than forty. The authors suggested that obesity is type of low grade systemic inflammatory disease affecting periodontal disease progression. The systemic inflammation associated with obesity may increase susceptibility to chronic infectious diseases, which may explain how obesity would affect the development of periodontal diseases. However, whether obesity and overweight are associated with periodontitis is still under debate.

Many clinical studies have shown that overweight status, obesity, weight gain, and increased waist circumference are risk factors for the development of periodontitis or the worsening of periodontal status. Patients presenting moderate and severe periodontal disease have been found to produce higher systemic levels of inflammatory and immune markers. Treatment of periodontal disease can reduce these markers. Since the first report suggesting in a rat models existence of a possible relation between obesity and periodontal disease in 1977, only 21 years later, the first human study on the Japanese population, revealing that obese subjects showed a probability of suffering from periodontitis 8.6 times greater than non-obese ones.

Conditions

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Periodontal Diseases

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

ECOLOGIC_OR_COMMUNITY

Study Time Perspective

CROSS_SECTIONAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Patients whose age is between 18-39 years old as the strength and physical performance reach their peak from 18-39 years
2. Body mass index more than 30.
3. Patient consulting in the outpatient clinic.
4. Provide informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Patients who have a systemic disease or were on medication for any systemic disease/conditions.
2. Patients who received periodontal treatment or antibiotics for at least 3 months.
3. Completely edentulous or having removable prosthetic appliance.
4. Pregnant women or lactating mothers.
5. Patients having problem in opening their mouth or undergoing intermaxillary fixation where oral examination will not be possible.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

39 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Yasmine Abbas Elsayed

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Yasmine Abbas Elsayed

master postgraduate student

Responsibility Role SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Noha Ayman Ghallab, Professor

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Cairo University

Locations

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Faculty of dentistry , Cairo Univeristy

Cairo, , Egypt

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Egypt

Central Contacts

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Noha Ayman Ghallab, Professor

Role: CONTACT

Phone: +201005263365

Email: [email protected]

References

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Abbas Y, Elsaadany B, Ghallab N. Prevalence of different stages of periodontal diseases among a sample of young adult obese Egyptian patients: a hospital based Cross-sectional study over 1 year. BMC Oral Health. 2023 Aug 16;23(1):573. doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-03278-3.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 37582775 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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21252462

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id