Trial Outcomes & Findings for PRescribing INterventions for Chronic Pain Via the Electronic Health Record Study - Primary Care Providers (NCT NCT04601506)

NCT ID: NCT04601506

Last Updated: 2024-06-27

Results Overview

Outcome is reported as the mean number of times an individual Primary Care Provider checks the Prescription Drug Monitoring Program per month.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

472 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

12 months

Results posted on

2024-06-27

Participant Flow

The original study protocol included a potential second randomization period after six months into the trial. This secondary randomization did not occur, per the recommendation of the Data Monitoring Committee

Unit of analysis: clinics

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Care as Usual
Clinics assigned to this arm will continue to care for the patients as usual in regards to opioid prescribing.
Choice Architecture Nudge
Clinics in this arm will receive the choice architecture nudge intervention. Choice Architecture Nudge: Primary Care Providers (PCPs) will be sent alerts in the Electronic Health Record system when they initiate an opioid order for a patient who has not had an opioid prescription within the past six months. The alert provides guidance language about opioid prescribing and prompts the PCP to open the "SmartSet" to order non-opioid treatment alternatives. When the SmartSet is opened, PCPs can choose to click on a variety of treatment order options, including both non-opioid pharmacological options and non-pharmacological options. PCPs will also be sent alerts when they initiate an opioid order for a patient will a current opioid prescription. The alerts prompt PCPs to consider tapering the patient's opioid. The alert also displays the MME of the patient's current opioid prescription and automatically calculates what a 10% reduction in MME relative to the current prescription would be. The alert contains options to either cancel the refill order, or to continue with the order.
PMP Integration & Nudge
Clinics in this arm will receive the Prescription Drug Monitoring (PMP) Integration \& Nudge intervention. PMP Integration \& Nudge: During the Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PMP) integration \& nudge intervention, Primary Care Providers (PCPs) will have integrated access to the PMP embedded within the EHR. All clinicians can already access the PMP to look up a patient's prior opioid prescriptions and prescription fills. However, this process involves signing in to the separate PMP website and can be complicated and time-consuming within typical clinical workflow. The integrated PMP tool makes it much easier and faster for a PCP to access the PMP information for a given patient.
Choice Architecture Nudge + PMP Integration & Nudge
Clinics in this arm will receive both the choice architecture nudge and prescription drug monitoring (PMP) integration \& nudge interventions. Choice Architecture Nudge: Primary Care Providers (PCPs) will be sent alerts in the Electronic Health Record system when they initiate an opioid order for a patient who has not had an opioid prescription within the past six months. The alert provides guidance and prompts open the "SmartSet" to order non-opioid treatment alternatives. PCPs will also be sent alerts when they initiate an opioid order for a patient will a current opioid prescription. The alerts prompt PCPs to consider tapering the patient's opioid. The alert also displays the MME of the patient's current opioid prescription and automatically calculates what a 10% reduction in MME relative to the current prescription would be. PMP Integration \& Nudge: During the Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PMP) integration \& nudge intervention, Primary Care Providers (PCPs) will have integrated access to the PMP embedded within the EHR. All clinicians can already access the PMP to look up a patient's prior opioid prescriptions and prescription fills. However, this process involves signing in to the separate PMP website and can be complicated and time-consuming within typical clinical workflow. The integrated PMP tool makes it much easier and faster for a PCP to access the PMP information for a given patient.
Overall Study
STARTED
79 11
69 11
74 10
87 11
Overall Study
COMPLETED
79 11
69 11
74 10
87 11
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Age information not collected

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Care as Usual
n=79 Participants
Clinics assigned to this arm will continue to care for the patients as usual in regards to opioid prescribing.
Choice Architecture Nudge
n=69 Participants
Clinics in this arm will receive the choice architecture nudge intervention. Choice Architecture Nudge: Primary Care Providers (PCPs) will be sent alerts in the Electronic Health Record system when they initiate an opioid order for a patient who has not had an opioid prescription within the past six months. The alert provides guidance language about opioid prescribing and prompts the PCP to open the "SmartSet" to order non-opioid treatment alternatives. When the SmartSet is opened, PCPs can choose to click on a variety of treatment order options, including both non-opioid pharmacological options and non-pharmacological options. PCPs will also be sent alerts when they initiate an opioid order for a patient will a current opioid prescription. The alerts prompt PCPs to consider tapering the patient's opioid. The alert also displays the MME of the patient's current opioid prescription and automatically calculates what a 10% reduction in MME relative to the current prescription would be. The alert contains options to either cancel the refill order, or to continue with the order.
PMP Integration & Nudge
n=74 Participants
Clinics in this arm will receive the Prescription Drug Monitoring (PMP) Integration \& Nudge intervention. PMP Integration \& Nudge: During the Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PMP) integration \& nudge intervention, Primary Care Providers (PCPs) will have integrated access to the PMP embedded within the EHR. All clinicians can already access the PMP to look up a patient's prior opioid prescriptions and prescription fills. However, this process involves signing in to the separate PMP website and can be complicated and time-consuming within typical clinical workflow. The integrated PMP tool makes it much easier and faster for a PCP to access the PMP information for a given patient.
Choice Architecture Nudge + PMP Integration & Nudge
n=87 Participants
Clinics in this arm will receive both the choice architecture nudge and prescription drug monitoring (PMP) integration \& nudge interventions. Choice Architecture Nudge: Primary Care Providers (PCPs) will be sent alerts in the Electronic Health Record system when they initiate an opioid order for a patient who has not had an opioid prescription within the past six months. The alert provides guidance and prompts open the "SmartSet" to order non-opioid treatment alternatives. PCPs will also be sent alerts when they initiate an opioid order for a patient will a current opioid prescription. The alerts prompt PCPs to consider tapering the patient's opioid. The alert also displays the MME of the patient's current opioid prescription and automatically calculates what a 10% reduction in MME relative to the current prescription would be. PMP Integration \& Nudge: During the Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PMP) integration \& nudge intervention, Primary Care Providers (PCPs) will have integrated access to the PMP embedded within the EHR. All clinicians can already access the PMP to look up a patient's prior opioid prescriptions and prescription fills. However, this process involves signing in to the separate PMP website and can be complicated and time-consuming within typical clinical workflow. The integrated PMP tool makes it much easier and faster for a PCP to access the PMP information for a given patient.
Total
n=309 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Sex/Gender, Customized
Female
39 Participants
n=79 Participants
42 Participants
n=69 Participants
40 Participants
n=74 Participants
59 Participants
n=87 Participants
180 Participants
n=309 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized
Male
36 Participants
n=79 Participants
25 Participants
n=69 Participants
32 Participants
n=74 Participants
27 Participants
n=87 Participants
120 Participants
n=309 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized
Unknown
4 Participants
n=79 Participants
2 Participants
n=69 Participants
2 Participants
n=74 Participants
1 Participants
n=87 Participants
9 Participants
n=309 Participants
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected
0 Participants
Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months

Outcome is reported as the mean number of times an individual Primary Care Provider checks the Prescription Drug Monitoring Program per month.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Care as Usual
n=79 Participants
Clinics assigned to this arm will continue to care for the patients as usual in regards to opioid prescribing.
Choice Architecture Nudge
n=69 Participants
Clinics in this arm will receive the choice architecture nudge intervention. Choice Architecture Nudge: Primary Care Providers (PCPs) will be sent alerts in the Electronic Health Record system when they initiate an opioid order for a patient who has not had an opioid prescription within the past six months. The alert provides guidance language about opioid prescribing and prompts the PCP to open the "SmartSet" to order non-opioid treatment alternatives. When the SmartSet is opened, PCPs can choose to click on a variety of treatment order options, including both non-opioid pharmacological options and non-pharmacological options. PCPs will also be sent alerts when they initiate an opioid order for a patient will a current opioid prescription. The alerts prompt PCPs to consider tapering the patient's opioid. The alert also displays the MME of the patient's current opioid prescription and automatically calculates what a 10% reduction in MME relative to the current prescription would be. The alert contains options to either cancel the refill order, or to continue with the order.
PMP Integration & Nudge
n=74 Participants
Clinics in this arm will receive the Prescription Drug Monitoring (PMP) Integration \& Nudge intervention. PMP Integration \& Nudge: During the Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PMP) integration \& nudge intervention, Primary Care Providers (PCPs) will have integrated access to the PMP embedded within the EHR. All clinicians can already access the PMP to look up a patient's prior opioid prescriptions and prescription fills. However, this process involves signing in to the separate PMP website and can be complicated and time-consuming within typical clinical workflow. The integrated PMP tool makes it much easier and faster for a PCP to access the PMP information for a given patient.
Choice Architecture Nudge + PMP Integration & Nudge
n=87 Participants
Clinics in this arm will receive both the choice architecture nudge and prescription drug monitoring (PMP) integration \& nudge interventions. Choice Architecture Nudge: Primary Care Providers (PCPs) will be sent alerts in the Electronic Health Record system when they initiate an opioid order for a patient who has not had an opioid prescription within the past six months. The alert provides guidance and prompts open the "SmartSet" to order non-opioid treatment alternatives. PCPs will also be sent alerts when they initiate an opioid order for a patient will a current opioid prescription. The alerts prompt PCPs to consider tapering the patient's opioid. The alert also displays the MME of the patient's current opioid prescription and automatically calculates what a 10% reduction in MME relative to the current prescription would be. PMP Integration \& Nudge: During the Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PMP) integration \& nudge intervention, Primary Care Providers (PCPs) will have integrated access to the PMP embedded within the EHR. All clinicians can already access the PMP to look up a patient's prior opioid prescriptions and prescription fills. However, this process involves signing in to the separate PMP website and can be complicated and time-consuming within typical clinical workflow. The integrated PMP tool makes it much easier and faster for a PCP to access the PMP information for a given patient.
Frequency of PDMP Checks
19 PDMP queries per PCP per month
Standard Deviation 89.2
23 PDMP queries per PCP per month
Standard Deviation 28.2
31.9 PDMP queries per PCP per month
Standard Deviation 26.7
22.1 PDMP queries per PCP per month
Standard Deviation 32.3

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months

In order to assess satisfaction with the electronic health record-based decision support tools, Primary Care Providers (PCP) will be asked to answer the following question on a scale from 1 (very unsatisfied) to 5 (very satisfied): "How would you rate your overall satisfaction with the best practice (BPA) alerts (pop-ups) and clinical decision support you received in the EHR for opioid prescribing for patients with acute pain?"

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months

In order to assess satisfaction with the electronic health record-based decision support tools, Primary Care Providers (PCP) will be asked to answer the following question on a scale from 1 (very unsatisfied) to 5 (very satisfied): "How would you rate your overall satisfaction with the best practice (BPA) alerts (pop-ups) and clinical decision support you received in the EHR for opioid prescribing for patients with chronic pain?"

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months

In order to assess satisfaction with the electronic health record-based decision support tools, Primary Care Providers (PCP) will be asked to answer the following question on a scale from 1 (very unsatisfied) to 5 (very satisfied): "How would you rate your overall satisfaction with the PDMP when prescribing opioids for patients with acute pain?"

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months

In order to assess satisfaction with the electronic health record-based decision support tools, Primary Care Providers (PCP) will be asked to answer the following question on a scale from 1 (very unsatisfied) to 5 (very satisfied): "How would you rate your overall satisfaction with the PDMP when prescribing opioids for patients with chronic pain?"

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months

In order to assess satisfaction with the electronic health record-based decision support tools, Primary Care Providers (PCP) will be asked to answer the following question on a scale from 1 (very easy) to 5 (very difficult): "Over the past year, how easy or difficult was it to access information on prescription drug use for your own patients in the PDMP?"

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months

In order to assess satisfaction with the electronic health record-based decision support tools, Primary Care Providers (PCP) will be asked to answer the following question on a scale from 1 (not useful at all) to 5 (very useful): "Over the past year, how useful was the information that you accessed from the PDMP?"

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months

In order to assess satisfaction with the electronic health record-based decision support tools, Primary Care Providers (PCP) will be asked to answer the following question on a scale from 1 (a lot more) to 5 (a lot less): "Compared to 12 months ago, how frequently are you engaging patients in discussions about opioids?"

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

Adverse Events

Care as Usual

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Choice Architecture Nudge

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

PMP Integration & Nudge

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Choice Architecture Nudge + PMP Integration & Nudge

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Ezra Golberstein

University of Minnesota

Phone: 612-626-2572

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place