Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
2152 participants
OBSERVATIONAL
2019-12-15
2023-07-15
Brief Summary
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A recent Swedish, prospective, population-based study, published in the Lancet Oncology, developed a unique multivariable biopsy outcome prediction model within a Nordic population of nearly 60,000 men. This model, the Stockholm3, which incorporated plasma protein markers, germline DNA SNPs as well as clinical variables, was shown to be capable of reducing the number of biopsies by 44% compared to PSA while maintaining adequate sensitivity for detection of PCa.
It is unknown whether an approach developed in Sweden that incorporates protein markers, genetics, clinical variables, and genetic ancestry would be beneficial in a racially diverse cohort.
Hypothesis: The investigators hypothesize that, a prospectively studied multiethnic cohort of men with the Stockholm3 test will identify unique and common risk factors that improve prostate cancer detection.
Aim: To assess the performance of the Stockholm3 test as compared to PSA and to identify unique features associated with PCa in Black/African American (n=500), Asian (n=500), White/Caucasian Hispanic (n=500), and White/Caucasian Non-Hispanic (n=500) men.
Methods: The investigators propose a prospectively identified cohort with participating institutions which have screened positive to undergo a prostate biopsy to have a retrospective analysis the Stockholm3 test and ancestry markers. Within this cohort the investigators will examine several predetermined risk factors to investigate their relationship to prostate cancer.
This blood sample will be tested for quantitative levels of serum protein markers and DNA will be extracted and will be tested for germline mutations as defined by the Stockholm3 test and other ancestry informative markers. Results from the study will be presented in such a way that no individual information will be disclosed.
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Detailed Description
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The research coordinator will explain the information contained within the consent. Additionally, patient's blood will be drawn prior to their biopsy.
Prior to the biopsy, blood will be collected in x2 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) 4 ml tubes after obtaining consent from the subjects. One tube will be immediately centrifuged (10 minutes at 2000G) and plasma decanted to a tube without additives (this typically produces 1.5 ml of plasma). The decanted tube (with plasma) and the remaining EDTA tube (with whole blood) is then frozen and stored at the designated participating institutional site. It will be stored at -20 Celsius until being shipped. The SEPTA specific blood collection is followed by the following collaborators: Uropartners, University of Illinois at Chicago, University of Chicago, Rush Medical Center, Montefiore, University of Texas Health Science Center of San Antonio, Urology Clinics of North Texas, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles County Hospital, Stanford University.
Additional samples from University Health Network (Toronto), Northwestern Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, and Cook County Health System (Chicago) will be included from biobanked sources which were prospective collected meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Patient data will be stored in a REDCap database, hosted on Sweden's secure server. Data will be stored for the duration of the study, and 5 years afterwards for data analysis purposes.
Consented patients will be tracked by patient logs by each participating institution. The medical record number will be collected to keep a consistent identifier for data collection by key site personnel. Once all the patient data is recorded the data will be exported from REDCap with the MRN removed. There will be no patient identifiers used at the Karolinska Institute or A3P lab. The following PHI and non-PHI information will be logged of the patient:
PHI:
Medical record number (MRN)
Non-PHI Demographic data
* Stockholm3 Identification number
* Race
* Zip code
Clinical data
* Total PSA
* Age on sampling date \[years\]
* Family history of prostate cancer
* Use of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors
* Earlier biopsy conducted
* Prostate volume \[Prostate volume as measure with US\]
* Digital rectal exam status \[Benign/normal, Nodule/induration felt, Asymmetry, Not performed\]
AND
Outcome data - Results from biopsy performed immediately after blood venipuncture, i.e.:
Results will be separated into targeted biopsy cores and systematic biopsy cores
* Gleason Score 1
* Gleason Score 2
* Gleason Sum
* Cancer length (mm) (total and highest grade)
* Number of cores
* Number of positive cores
* Time to perform biopsy after blood draw \[days\]
* Results from MRI, i.e. Prostate Imaging Reporting \& Data System (PIRADS) (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
Permitted use:
To run the Stockholm3 test defined by Gronberg et al AND Ancestry informative genetic markers
Samples will be shipped to the Uppsala based laboratory (A23 Laboratory) in Sweden for analysis. Each patient will have two blood samples (plasma and whole blood) and will be frozen at -20 Celsius. The blood samples will then be tested for quantitative levels of serum protein levels and DNA will be extracted from white blood cells and will be tested for gene and small nucleotide polymorphic (SNPs) germline mutations and variants .
Genotyping will be performed using custom genotyping assays. Plasma will be used for protein analysis. Plasma protein analysis will be performed using a custom protein assays including total and free PSA, human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2), microseminoprotein-beta (MSMB), and Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC-1). PSA will be tested with a commercial assay.
Based on the results from the plasma protein analysis, the genetic analysis and clinical data, the Stockholm3 Risk Score will be calculated. The participants' samples will be treated in accordance with the regulations of Sweden at the laboratory based in Uppsala, Sweden.
Results of the tests will not be shared with the patient, nor will the results change or impact medical decisions.
Expected Risks/Benefits
Anticipated Risks:
As this is retrospective analysis of deidentified patient information as well as deidentified biospecimens, there are few anticipated risks. A confidentiality breach as well as loss of privacy are possible, however every effort will be made to minimize this risk.
Anticipated Benefits:
Participants will advance scientific and clinical knowledge. Participants will also receive a small payment for the time and involvement in the study.
Data Collection and Management Procedures
This study will utilize REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture), a software toolset and workflow methodology for electronic collection and management of clinical and research data, to collect and store data. The Karolinska Institute Information Technology (KI-IT) Department will be used as a central location for data processing and management. REDCap is hosted by KI-IT in the Biomedicum (Solnavägen 9, Solna, Sweden 17165)
Data Analysis
Data analysis will be performed by the PI, co-investigators and/or key research personnel.
Quality Control and Quality Assurance
Key research personnel will be responsible for ensuring all data collected adheres to the protocol.
Data and Safety Monitoring
This study is minimal risk and all efforts will be made to ensure there are no confidentiality breaches as well as no loss of privacy.
Statistical Considerations
Power analysis This study is being conducted among several sites and thus pooled analysis will be performed. Based on the framework developed a two-sided alpha of 0.05, 250 men in each ethnicity gives 80% power to detect 10 percentage points differences in sensitivity and/or specificity of the Stockholm3 test across different ethnicities. Pooled data from several sites will allow for comparison between non-Hispanic White, Africa/Black, Asian, and Hispanic White men. Within each ethnicity group of 250 men, the same sample size gives a 90% power for detecting differences in area under curve (AUC) between Stockholm3 and PSA for detection of PC that are at least 10 percentage points (primary aim).
Goal accruement is 500 men within each race/ethnicity, interim analysis will be performed when 250 men in each race/ethnicity is enrolled.
Data Analysis Descriptive univariate statistics will be used to compare groups. Binary endpoints will be assessed with a logistic regression model. Statistical analysis will involve logistic regression modeling, AUC calculation, calibration analyses and calculation of basic performance characteristics (sensitivity, specificity and predictive values).
Regulatory Requirements
Informed Consent The participants indicate their consent to participate in the study by signing informed consents for accessing medical records, conducting genetic research and undergoing venipuncture for blood samples.
Subject Confidentiality Data used for this study will be stored in REDCaps and all data transferred between institutions will remain deidentified throughout the study.
Unanticipated Problems Any unanticipated problems will be immediately reported to the Site-specific ethical review board by designated research personnel.
Conditions
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Study Design
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COHORT
PROSPECTIVE
Study Groups
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Non-Hispanic/Latino White/Caucasian men
Self-identified as White Non-Hispanic men, with age range (45.0 - 75.0 years), without prior evidence of prostate cancer
The Stockholm3 test
Venipuncture: Prior to the biopsy the blood will be collected in 2 EDTA (lavender top) x 4 ml tubes will be removed after obtaining consent from the subjects.
African/Black men
Self-identified as African or Black men, with age range (45.0 - 75.0 years), without prior evidence of prostate cancer
The Stockholm3 test
Venipuncture: Prior to the biopsy the blood will be collected in 2 EDTA (lavender top) x 4 ml tubes will be removed after obtaining consent from the subjects.
Hispanic/Latino White/Caucasian men
Self-identified as White Hispanic men, with age range (45.0 - 75.0 years), without prior evidence of prostate cancer
The Stockholm3 test
Venipuncture: Prior to the biopsy the blood will be collected in 2 EDTA (lavender top) x 4 ml tubes will be removed after obtaining consent from the subjects.
Asian men
Self-identified as Asian men, with age range (45.0 - 75.0 years), without prior evidence of prostate cancer
The Stockholm3 test
Venipuncture: Prior to the biopsy the blood will be collected in 2 EDTA (lavender top) x 4 ml tubes will be removed after obtaining consent from the subjects.
Interventions
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The Stockholm3 test
Venipuncture: Prior to the biopsy the blood will be collected in 2 EDTA (lavender top) x 4 ml tubes will be removed after obtaining consent from the subjects.
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* No prior diagnosis of prostate cancer
Exclusion Criteria
* Men who were subjected to DRE or prostate manipulation within five (5) days (120 hours) prior to blood sampling
45 Years
75 Years
MALE
No
Sponsors
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University of Illinois at Chicago
OTHER
UroPartners
UNKNOWN
University of Chicago
OTHER
Rush University Medical Center
OTHER
Montefiore Medical Center
OTHER
The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
OTHER
Cook County Health & Hospitals System
OTHER
Cook County Health
OTHER_GOV
Stanford University
OTHER
Northwestern Medicine
OTHER
University of Southern California
OTHER
University Health Network, Toronto
OTHER
Urology Clinics of North Texas
NETWORK
LAC+USC Medical Center
OTHER
Karolinska Institutet
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Henrik Grönberg
Professor
Principal Investigators
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Henrik Grönberg, MD, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Karolinska Institutet
Locations
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Los Angeles County
Los Angeles, California, United States
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, California, United States
Stanford University
Palo Alto, California, United States
Northwestern Medicine
Chicago, Illinois, United States
John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County
Chicago, Illinois, United States
Rush University Medical Center
Chicago, Illinois, United States
University of Illinois at Chicago
Chicago, Illinois, United States
Cook County Health System
Chicago, Illinois, United States
University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois, United States
Uropartners
Westchester, Illinois, United States
Montefiore Medical Center
The Bronx, New York, United States
Urology Clinics of North Texas
Dallas, Texas, United States
University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio
San Antonio, Texas, United States
University Health Network
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Countries
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References
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Kasivisvanathan V, Rannikko AS, Borghi M, Panebianco V, Mynderse LA, Vaarala MH, Briganti A, Budaus L, Hellawell G, Hindley RG, Roobol MJ, Eggener S, Ghei M, Villers A, Bladou F, Villeirs GM, Virdi J, Boxler S, Robert G, Singh PB, Venderink W, Hadaschik BA, Ruffion A, Hu JC, Margolis D, Crouzet S, Klotz L, Taneja SS, Pinto P, Gill I, Allen C, Giganti F, Freeman A, Morris S, Punwani S, Williams NR, Brew-Graves C, Deeks J, Takwoingi Y, Emberton M, Moore CM; PRECISION Study Group Collaborators. MRI-Targeted or Standard Biopsy for Prostate-Cancer Diagnosis. N Engl J Med. 2018 May 10;378(19):1767-1777. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1801993. Epub 2018 Mar 18.
Gronberg H, Adolfsson J, Aly M, Nordstrom T, Wiklund P, Brandberg Y, Thompson J, Wiklund F, Lindberg J, Clements M, Egevad L, Eklund M. Prostate cancer screening in men aged 50-69 years (STHLM3): a prospective population-based diagnostic study. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Dec;16(16):1667-76. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00361-7. Epub 2015 Nov 10.
Strom P, Nordstrom T, Aly M, Egevad L, Gronberg H, Eklund M. The Stockholm-3 Model for Prostate Cancer Detection: Algorithm Update, Biomarker Contribution, and Reflex Test Potential. Eur Urol. 2018 Aug;74(2):204-210. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2017.12.028. Epub 2018 Jan 10.
Moller A, Olsson H, Gronberg H, Eklund M, Aly M, Nordstrom T. The Stockholm3 blood-test predicts clinically-significant cancer on biopsy: independent validation in a multi-center community cohort. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2019 Mar;22(1):137-142. doi: 10.1038/s41391-018-0082-5. Epub 2018 Aug 31.
Vigneswaran HT, Discacciati A, Gann PH, Gronberg H, Eklund M, Abern MR. Ethnic variation in prostate cancer detection: a feasibility study for use of the Stockholm3 test in a multiethnic U.S. cohort. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2021 Mar;24(1):120-127. doi: 10.1038/s41391-020-0250-2. Epub 2020 Jul 8.
Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018 Jan;68(1):7-30. doi: 10.3322/caac.21442. Epub 2018 Jan 4.
Potts JM, Lutz M, Walker E, Modlin C, Klein E. Trends in PSA, age and prostate cancer detection among black and white men from 1990-2006 at a tertiary care center. Cancer. 2010 Aug 15;116(16):3910-5. doi: 10.1002/cncr.25124.
Moyer VA; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for prostate cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2012 Jul 17;157(2):120-34. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-157-2-201207170-00459.
Parekh DJ, Punnen S, Sjoberg DD, Asroff SW, Bailen JL, Cochran JS, Concepcion R, David RD, Deck KB, Dumbadze I, Gambla M, Grable MS, Henderson RJ, Karsh L, Krisch EB, Langford TD, Lin DW, McGee SM, Munoz JJ, Pieczonka CM, Rieger-Christ K, Saltzstein DR, Scott JW, Shore ND, Sieber PR, Waldmann TM, Wolk FN, Zappala SM. A multi-institutional prospective trial in the USA confirms that the 4Kscore accurately identifies men with high-grade prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2015 Sep;68(3):464-70. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2014.10.021. Epub 2014 Oct 27.
de la Calle C, Patil D, Wei JT, Scherr DS, Sokoll L, Chan DW, Siddiqui J, Mosquera JM, Rubin MA, Sanda MG. Multicenter Evaluation of the Prostate Health Index to Detect Aggressive Prostate Cancer in Biopsy Naive Men. J Urol. 2015 Jul;194(1):65-72. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.01.091. Epub 2015 Jan 28.
Roobol MJ, Verbeek JFM, van der Kwast T, Kummerlin IP, Kweldam CF, van Leenders GJLH. Improving the Rotterdam European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer Risk Calculator for Initial Prostate Biopsy by Incorporating the 2014 International Society of Urological Pathology Gleason Grading and Cribriform growth. Eur Urol. 2017 Jul;72(1):45-51. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2017.01.033. Epub 2017 Feb 2.
Ankerst DP, Straubinger J, Selig K, Guerrios L, De Hoedt A, Hernandez J, Liss MA, Leach RJ, Freedland SJ, Kattan MW, Nam R, Haese A, Montorsi F, Boorjian SA, Cooperberg MR, Poyet C, Vertosick E, Vickers AJ. A Contemporary Prostate Biopsy Risk Calculator Based on Multiple Heterogeneous Cohorts. Eur Urol. 2018 Aug;74(2):197-203. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2018.05.003. Epub 2018 May 16.
Ankerst DP, Hoefler J, Bock S, Goodman PJ, Vickers A, Hernandez J, Sokoll LJ, Sanda MG, Wei JT, Leach RJ, Thompson IM. Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial risk calculator 2.0 for the prediction of low- vs high-grade prostate cancer. Urology. 2014 Jun;83(6):1362-7. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.02.035.
Lichtenstein P, Holm NV, Verkasalo PK, Iliadou A, Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M, Pukkala E, Skytthe A, Hemminki K. Environmental and heritable factors in the causation of cancer--analyses of cohorts of twins from Sweden, Denmark, and Finland. N Engl J Med. 2000 Jul 13;343(2):78-85. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200007133430201.
Gronberg H, Eklund M, Picker W, Aly M, Jaderling F, Adolfsson J, Landquist M, Haug ES, Strom P, Carlsson S, Nordstrom T. Prostate Cancer Diagnostics Using a Combination of the Stockholm3 Blood Test and Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Eur Urol. 2018 Dec;74(6):722-728. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2018.06.022. Epub 2018 Jul 9.
Carroll PH, Mohler JL. NCCN Guidelines Updates: Prostate Cancer and Prostate Cancer Early Detection. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2018 May;16(5S):620-623. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2018.0036.
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Vigneswaran HT, Eklund M, Discacciati A, Nordstrom T, Hubbard RA, Perlis N, Abern MR, Moreira DM, Eggener S, Yonover P, Chow AK, Watts K, Liss MA, Thoreson GR, Abreu AL, Sonn GA, Palsdottir T, Plym A, Wiklund F, Gronberg H, Murphy AB; SEPTA STHLM3 Study Group. Stockholm3 in a Multiethnic Cohort for Prostate Cancer Detection (SEPTA): A Prospective Multicentered Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2024 Nov 10;42(32):3806-3816. doi: 10.1200/JCO.24.00152. Epub 2024 Jul 22.
Other Identifiers
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KarolinskaI3
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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