Trial Outcomes & Findings for Pharmacy Delivery to Expand the Reach of PrEP in Kenya (NCT NCT04558554)

NCT ID: NCT04558554

Last Updated: 2024-03-15

Results Overview

Cumulative number of participants who initiated PrEP at pilot pharmacies (during Study 1a and Study 2) among those eligible for pharmacy PrEP services.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

1216 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Over 13-month duration of Study 1a and 6-month duration of Study 2

Results posted on

2024-03-15

Participant Flow

Pharmacists recruited participants by hanging up promotional posters encouraging clients to ask about PrEP (or PEP, in Study 2 only) for HIV prevention. They also offered to screen clients who were purchasing products indicative of sexual activity and potential HIV exposure (e.g., emergency contraception, pregnancy testing, STI treatment). Participants in Study 1a \& b were recruited from Nov.2020-Dec. 2021 and in Study 2 from Jan.-Jul. 2022.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Study 1a: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery Pilot (13 Months)
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) at 4 retail pharmacies.
Study 1b: Pharmacy-based PrEP Refill (12 Months)
Participants in this study (happening concurrently with Study 1a) will have the option to refill PrEP at 4 retail pharmacies after having initiated PrEP at one of 2 public clinics.
Study 2: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery Pilot Extension (6 Months)
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or initiate PEP at 12 retail pharmacies. Additionally, at a subset of 4 pharmacies, participants will have the option to undergo STI testing.
Overall Study
STARTED
287
106
823
Overall Study
COMPLETED
287
106
823
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
0
0
0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Study 1a: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery Pilot (13 Months)
n=287 Participants
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) at 4 retail pharmacies in Kenya.
Study 1b: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery Refill (12 Months)
n=106 Participants
Participants in this study (happening concurrently with Study 1a) will have the option to refill PrEP at 4 retail pharmacies after having initiated PrEP at one of 2 public clinics in Kenya.
Study 2: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery Pilot Extension (6 Months)
n=823 Participants
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or initiate PEP at 12 retail pharmacies in Kenya. Additionally, at a subset of 4 pharmacies, participants will have the option to undergo STI testing.
Total
n=1216 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
0 Participants
n=287 Participants
0 Participants
n=106 Participants
0 Participants
n=823 Participants
0 Participants
n=1216 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
287 Participants
n=287 Participants
106 Participants
n=106 Participants
823 Participants
n=823 Participants
1216 Participants
n=1216 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
0 Participants
n=287 Participants
0 Participants
n=106 Participants
0 Participants
n=823 Participants
0 Participants
n=1216 Participants
Age, Continuous
26 years
n=287 Participants
31 years
n=106 Participants
25 years
n=823 Participants
26 years
n=1216 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
124 Participants
n=287 Participants
63 Participants
n=106 Participants
429 Participants
n=823 Participants
616 Participants
n=1216 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
163 Participants
n=287 Participants
43 Participants
n=106 Participants
394 Participants
n=823 Participants
600 Participants
n=1216 Participants
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected
0 Participants
Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.
Region of Enrollment
Kenya
287 participants
n=287 Participants
106 participants
n=106 Participants
823 participants
n=823 Participants
1216 participants
n=1216 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Over 13-month duration of Study 1a and 6-month duration of Study 2

Population: Participants eligible for pharmacy PrEP among those screened. PLEASE NOTE: Prospective study participants were screened for preliminary eligibility for PrEP before they were enrolled in the study. Across Study 1a and 2, 1603 clients were screened and found eligible for PrEP; however, not all of these clients decided to enroll in the study. That is why this number exceeds the number who started the study (n=1216) reported in other sections of this record.

Cumulative number of participants who initiated PrEP at pilot pharmacies (during Study 1a and Study 2) among those eligible for pharmacy PrEP services.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Study 1a: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery (13 Months)
n=575 Participants
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) at 4 retail pharmacies in Kenya.
Study 2: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery Pilot Extension (6 Months)
n=1028 Participants
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or initiate PEP at 12 retail pharmacies. Additionally, at a subset of 4 pharmacies, participants will have the option to undergo STI testing.
Study 2: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery Pilot Extension (6 Months)
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or initiate PEP at 12 retail pharmacies in Kenya. Additionally, at a subset of 4 pharmacies, participants will have the option to undergo STI testing.
PrEP Initiation
287 Participants
661 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Over 13-month duration of Study 1a, 12-month duration of Study 1b, and 6-month duration of Study 2

Population: For Study 1a and 2: Number of participants who initiated PrEP at a pilot pharmacy. Study 1b: Number of participants who initiated PrEP at a pilot clinic. PLEASE NOTE: This denominator (n=1054) exceeds the number of clients reported as having initiated PrEP for our primary outcome measure of "PrEP initiation" (n=948) because it includes 106 clients who, as part of Study 1b, had initiated PrEP at a pilot clinic.

For Study 1a and 2: Percentage of participants who refilled PrEP at a pilot pharmacy, among those who initiated PrEP at a pilot pharmacy. Study 1b: Percentage of participants who refilled PrEP either at a pilot pharmacy or at a pilot clinic, among those who initiated PrEP at a pilot clinic.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Study 1a: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery (13 Months)
n=287 Participants
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) at 4 retail pharmacies in Kenya.
Study 2: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery Pilot Extension (6 Months)
n=106 Participants
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or initiate PEP at 12 retail pharmacies. Additionally, at a subset of 4 pharmacies, participants will have the option to undergo STI testing.
Study 2: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery Pilot Extension (6 Months)
n=661 Participants
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or initiate PEP at 12 retail pharmacies in Kenya. Additionally, at a subset of 4 pharmacies, participants will have the option to undergo STI testing.
PrEP Retention
Any PrEP continuation
153 Participants
41 Participants
476 Participants
PrEP Retention
No PrEP continuation
134 Participants
65 Participants
185 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Over 6-month duration of Study 2

Population: Study 2: Number of participants who were screened and found preliminarily eligible for PEP.

Study 2: Number of participants who initiated PEP at a pilot pharmacy.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Study 1a: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery (13 Months)
n=192 Participants
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) at 4 retail pharmacies in Kenya.
Study 2: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery Pilot Extension (6 Months)
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or initiate PEP at 12 retail pharmacies. Additionally, at a subset of 4 pharmacies, participants will have the option to undergo STI testing.
Study 2: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery Pilot Extension (6 Months)
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or initiate PEP at 12 retail pharmacies in Kenya. Additionally, at a subset of 4 pharmacies, participants will have the option to undergo STI testing.
PEP Initiation
162 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 12-month duration of Study 1b

Population: Study 1b: Number of participants who initiated PrEP at a pilot clinic and were given the option to refill at a pilot pharmacy.

Study 1b: Percentage of participants who initiated PrEP at a clinic and subsequently opted to refill their PrEP prescription at a pilot pharmacy.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Study 1a: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery (13 Months)
n=106 Participants
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) at 4 retail pharmacies in Kenya.
Study 2: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery Pilot Extension (6 Months)
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or initiate PEP at 12 retail pharmacies. Additionally, at a subset of 4 pharmacies, participants will have the option to undergo STI testing.
Study 2: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery Pilot Extension (6 Months)
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or initiate PEP at 12 retail pharmacies in Kenya. Additionally, at a subset of 4 pharmacies, participants will have the option to undergo STI testing.
Selection of Pharmacy-based PrEP Refills
3 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Over 12-month duration of Study 1a and the 6-month duration of Study 2

Population: Study 1a and Study 2: Number of DBS samples randomly selected for drug concentration testing. Note: DBS samples were only collected from participants who had initiated PrEP at a pilot pharmacy.

Study 1a and Study 2: Percentage of randomly selected DBS samples with drug concentrations indicating PrEP adherence

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Study 1a: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery (13 Months)
n=61 Participants
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) at 4 retail pharmacies in Kenya.
Study 2: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery Pilot Extension (6 Months)
n=48 Participants
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or initiate PEP at 12 retail pharmacies. Additionally, at a subset of 4 pharmacies, participants will have the option to undergo STI testing.
Study 2: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery Pilot Extension (6 Months)
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or initiate PEP at 12 retail pharmacies in Kenya. Additionally, at a subset of 4 pharmacies, participants will have the option to undergo STI testing.
PrEP Adherence
16 Participants
16 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Over 6-month duration of Study 2

Population: Study 2: Number of participants who were screened and found potentially eligible for STI testing (providing a urine sample for lab-based testing) at pilot pharmacies. NOTE: STI testing was only offered at a sub-section of study pharmacies (n=4)

Study 2: Number of participants who opt to undergo STI testing (provide a urine sample for lab-based testing) at pilot pharmacies

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Study 1a: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery (13 Months)
n=64 Participants
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) at 4 retail pharmacies in Kenya.
Study 2: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery Pilot Extension (6 Months)
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or initiate PEP at 12 retail pharmacies. Additionally, at a subset of 4 pharmacies, participants will have the option to undergo STI testing.
Study 2: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery Pilot Extension (6 Months)
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or initiate PEP at 12 retail pharmacies in Kenya. Additionally, at a subset of 4 pharmacies, participants will have the option to undergo STI testing.
STI Testing Uptake
53 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Over 6-month duration of Study 2

Population: Study 2: Number of participants who initiated and completed PEP regimen at a pilot pharmacy

Study 2: Percentage of participants who completed the full PEP regimen and subsequently initiated PrEP at a pilot pharmacy, among those who initiated PEP at a pilot pharmacy,

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Study 1a: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery (13 Months)
n=162 Participants
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) at 4 retail pharmacies in Kenya.
Study 2: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery Pilot Extension (6 Months)
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or initiate PEP at 12 retail pharmacies. Additionally, at a subset of 4 pharmacies, participants will have the option to undergo STI testing.
Study 2: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery Pilot Extension (6 Months)
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or initiate PEP at 12 retail pharmacies in Kenya. Additionally, at a subset of 4 pharmacies, participants will have the option to undergo STI testing.
Transition From PEP to PrEP
30 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Over 6-month duration of Study 2

Population: Phase 2: Number of participants who underwent STI testing at a pilot pharmacy.

Study 2: Number of participants who come to a study pharmacy for STI testing, undergo STI testing, and initiate PrEP at the pilot pharmacy during the same study visit or a subsequent study visit

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Study 1a: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery (13 Months)
n=53 Participants
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) at 4 retail pharmacies in Kenya.
Study 2: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery Pilot Extension (6 Months)
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or initiate PEP at 12 retail pharmacies. Additionally, at a subset of 4 pharmacies, participants will have the option to undergo STI testing.
Study 2: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery Pilot Extension (6 Months)
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or initiate PEP at 12 retail pharmacies in Kenya. Additionally, at a subset of 4 pharmacies, participants will have the option to undergo STI testing.
PrEP Initiation Among STI Testing Clients
45 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Over 6-month duration of Study 2

Population: Phase 2: Number of participants who completed screening for PrEP/PEP eligibility.

Study 2: Number of participants who opt to self-administer the HIV Risk Assessment Screening Tool (as opposed to having the pharmacy provider administer it)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Study 1a: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery (13 Months)
n=823 Participants
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) at 4 retail pharmacies in Kenya.
Study 2: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery Pilot Extension (6 Months)
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or initiate PEP at 12 retail pharmacies. Additionally, at a subset of 4 pharmacies, participants will have the option to undergo STI testing.
Study 2: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery Pilot Extension (6 Months)
Participants in this study will have the option to initiate and/or refill pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or initiate PEP at 12 retail pharmacies in Kenya. Additionally, at a subset of 4 pharmacies, participants will have the option to undergo STI testing.
Selection of Option to Self-administer HIV Risk Assessment Screening Tool
151 Participants

Adverse Events

Study 1a: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery Pilot (13 Months)

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Study 1b: Pharmacy-based PrEP Refill (12 Months)

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Study 2: Pharmacy-based PrEP Delivery Pilot Extension (6 Months)

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Katrina Ortblad

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center

Phone: 206.667.7267

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place