Trial Outcomes & Findings for Suubi4Stigma: Addressing HIV-Associated Stigma Among Adolescents (NCT NCT04528732)

Last Updated: 2023-12-11

Results Overview

Child HIV Stigma was measured by the HIV Stigma Scale (HSS). The 40-item scale measures stigma and psychosocial aspects of having HIV. Responses were rated on a 4-point scale with 1= strongly agree, 2= agree, 3=disagree and 4=strongly disagree. Items in the inverse direction were reverse coded to create summated scores, with higher scores indicating high levels of HIV-related stigma. Min/max values: 40-160. Scores at 6-months are reported.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

Target enrollment

89 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

6 months

Results posted on

2023-12-11

Participant Flow

The study recruited children and their caregivers (dyads). A total of 89 dyads (N=178) were recruited from 9 health clinics. Dyads were randomized (at the clinic level) to three study groups: Usual care (n=29 dyads), MFG-FS (n=34 dyads) and G-CBT (n=26 dyads).

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Usual Care Usual care consists of the traditional clinic intervention that focuses on testing services, ART treatment, and information about disease management.	Group-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT) Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT): G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms.	Multiple Family Group (MFG) Multiple Family Group (MFG): MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support.
Overall Study STARTED	29	26	34
Overall Study COMPLETED	28	25	31
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	1	1	3

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure	Usual Care Usual care consists of the traditional clinic intervention that focuses on testing services, ART treatment, and information about disease management.	Group-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT) Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT): G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms.	Multiple Family Group (MFG) Multiple Family Group (MFG): MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support.
Overall Study Death	1	0	1
Overall Study Lost to Follow-up	0	1	2

Baseline Characteristics

Age was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: Only child reports were analyzed.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Usual Care n=28 Participants Usual care consists of the traditional clinic intervention that focuses on testing services, ART treatment, and information about disease management.	Group-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT) n=25 Participants G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms. Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT): G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms.	Multiple Family Group (MFG) n=31 Participants MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support. Multiple Family Group (MFG): MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support.
HIV Stigma (Child Reports)	75.07 score on a scale Standard Deviation 15.35	73.0 score on a scale Standard Deviation 16.90	75.29 score on a scale Standard Deviation 18.77

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: Only child reports were analyzed.

Child HIV Shame was measured by the Shame Questionnaire. The 8-item scale is used to assess child's feelings of shame on a 3-point scale, with 0 =not true, 1 = somewhat true and 2 =very true. Summated scores were created with higher scores representing high levels of HIV-associated shame. Min/max values: 0-16. Scores at 6-months are reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Usual Care n=28 Participants Usual care consists of the traditional clinic intervention that focuses on testing services, ART treatment, and information about disease management.	Group-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT) n=25 Participants G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms. Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT): G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms.	Multiple Family Group (MFG) n=31 Participants MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support. Multiple Family Group (MFG): MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support.
HIV Shame (Child Reports)	0.72 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.44	0.48 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.12	0.82 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.15

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: Only child reports were analyzed.

Stigma by association (Child reports) was measured using 10-items from the Brief Stigma-by Association Scale. The scale measures experiences and consequences of associated stigma, on a 3-point scale with 0= Not at all, 1= Sometimes and 2= All the time. Summated scores were created with higher scores indicating high levels of stigma-by association. Min/max values: 0-20. Scores at 6-months are reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Usual Care n=28 Participants Usual care consists of the traditional clinic intervention that focuses on testing services, ART treatment, and information about disease management.	Group-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT) n=25 Participants G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms. Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT): G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms.	Multiple Family Group (MFG) n=31 Participants MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support. Multiple Family Group (MFG): MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support.
Stigma by Association (Child Reports)	0.43 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.74	1.44 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.99	1.74 score on a scale Standard Deviation 3.04

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: Only caregiver reports were analyzed.

The HIV/AIDS Stigma and Discrimination Scale was used. The 22-item scale assessed respondents about what they think about people living with HIV/AIDS. Responses were rated on a 4-point scale with 1= strongly agree, 2= agree, 3=disagree and 4=strongly disagree. Min/max values: 22- 88, with higher scores indicating higher levels of perceived HIV-related stigma and discriminatory attitudes among caregivers. Scores at 6-months are reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Usual Care n=28 Participants Usual care consists of the traditional clinic intervention that focuses on testing services, ART treatment, and information about disease management.	Group-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT) n=25 Participants G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms. Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT): G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms.	Multiple Family Group (MFG) n=31 Participants MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support. Multiple Family Group (MFG): MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support.
HIV/AIDS Stigma and Discrimination (Caregiver Reports)	37.36 score on a scale Standard Deviation 10.80	30.68 score on a scale Standard Deviation 8.88	33.52 score on a scale Standard Deviation 8.90

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: Only caregiver reports were analyzed.

Stigma by association was measured using 10-items from the Brief Stigma-by-Association Scale. The scale measures experiences and consequences of associated stigma, on a 3-point scale, with 0= Not at all, 1= Sometimes and 2= All the time. Min/max values: 0-20. Summated scores were created with higher scores indicating higher levels of stigma by association experienced by caregivers. Scores at 6-months are reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Usual Care n=28 Participants Usual care consists of the traditional clinic intervention that focuses on testing services, ART treatment, and information about disease management.	Group-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT) n=25 Participants G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms. Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT): G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms.	Multiple Family Group (MFG) n=31 Participants MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support. Multiple Family Group (MFG): MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support.
Stigma by Association (Caregiver Reports)	3.43 score on a scale Standard Deviation 4.50	3.20 score on a scale Standard Deviation 4.34	2.58 score on a scale Standard Deviation 3.80

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: Only child reports were analyzed.

The Child Depression Inventory (CDI) was used to measure children's depressive symptoms. Respondents were asked to mark a statement that best described their feelings during the past 2 weeks. Each of the 14-items on the CDI has three response options that correspond to varying levels of symptomology for clinical depression. Min/max: 0-28, with higher scores representing high levels of depressive symptoms. Scores at 6-months are reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Usual Care n=28 Participants Usual care consists of the traditional clinic intervention that focuses on testing services, ART treatment, and information about disease management.	Group-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT) n=25 Participants G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms. Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT): G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms.	Multiple Family Group (MFG) n=31 Participants MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support. Multiple Family Group (MFG): MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support.
Child Depressive Symptoms (Child Reports)	3.28 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.07	3.10 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.57	4.18 score on a scale Standard Deviation 3.33

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: Only child reports were analyzed.

Self-concept was measured using the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS). The 20-item scale measures children's perception of identity, self-satisfaction and other behaviors. Each item was rated on a 5-point scale: 1= always false, 2=usually false, 3=sometimes true/sometimes false, 4=usually true and 5= always true. Min/max values: 20-100. Ten items in the inverse direction were reverse coded to create summated scores, with higher scores indicating higher levels of child self-concept. Scores at 6-months are reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Usual Care n=28 Participants Usual care consists of the traditional clinic intervention that focuses on testing services, ART treatment, and information about disease management.	Group-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT) n=25 Participants G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms. Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT): G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms.	Multiple Family Group (MFG) n=31 Participants MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support. Multiple Family Group (MFG): MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support.
Self-Concept (Child Reports)	38.28 score on a scale Standard Deviation 4.96	34.61 score on a scale Standard Deviation 7.04	37.39 score on a scale Standard Deviation 6.18

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: Only child reports were analyzed.

Hopelessness was measured using the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). The 20-item scale measures children's hopelessness and pessimistic attitudes toward the future. Items have a "true" or "false" response coded as "1" or "0" respectively. Nine items with positive wording were reverse coded to create a summated score for the entire scale. Min/max values: 0-20, with higher scores indicating higher levels of hopelessness. Scores at 6-months are reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Usual Care n=28 Participants Usual care consists of the traditional clinic intervention that focuses on testing services, ART treatment, and information about disease management.	Group-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT) n=25 Participants G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms. Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT): G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms.	Multiple Family Group (MFG) n=31 Participants MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support. Multiple Family Group (MFG): MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support.
Hopelessness (Child Reports)	4.14 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.90	4.55 score on a scale Standard Deviation 3.30	5.00 score on a scale Standard Deviation 3.87

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: Only child reports were analyzed.

Child PTSD was measured using 31 items from the abbreviated Childhood post-traumatic Stress Reaction Index (CPTS-RI). Participants were asked about reactions people sometimes have after very bad things happen and how this was applicable to them in the past month. Responses were rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with 0= None, 1= Little (1-2 days a week), 2 = some (2-3 days a week), 3 =Much (2 days a month) and 4 =most (Almost every day). Min/max values: 0-124. Summated scores were created with higher scores indicating higher levels of child PTSD symptoms. Scores at 6-months are reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Usual Care n=28 Participants Usual care consists of the traditional clinic intervention that focuses on testing services, ART treatment, and information about disease management.	Group-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT) n=25 Participants G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms. Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT): G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms.	Multiple Family Group (MFG) n=31 Participants MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support. Multiple Family Group (MFG): MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms (Child Reports)	12.21 score on a scale Standard Deviation 12.47	9.24 score on a scale Standard Deviation 10.91	13.06 score on a scale Standard Deviation 12.84

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: Only child reports were analyzed.

Child self-reported adherence was assessed using three items: 1) "In the last 30 days, on how many days did you miss at least one dose of your HIV medications (range: 0-30 days)?" 2) "In the last 30 days, how often did you take your HIV medicine in the way you were supposed to (never to always)?" and 3) "In the last 30 days, how good a job did you do at taking your HIV medicine in the way you were supposed to (very poor - excellent)"? Responses were linearized into a continuous scale ranging from 0-100, with low scores representing poor adherence and 100 representing perfect adherence. Scores at 6-months are reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Usual Care n=28 Participants Usual care consists of the traditional clinic intervention that focuses on testing services, ART treatment, and information about disease management.	Group-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT) n=25 Participants G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms. Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT): G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms.	Multiple Family Group (MFG) n=31 Participants MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support. Multiple Family Group (MFG): MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support.
Self-Reported Medication Adherence (Child Reports)	93.14 score on a scale Standard Deviation 9.24	88.41 score on a scale Standard Deviation 15.30	91.37 score on a scale Standard Deviation 9.59

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: Only child reports were analyzed.

Engagement in sexual risk behaviors was measured by asking a respondent whether they had engaged in unprotected sex, coded as "yes" or "no". Number of participants who responded "yes" at 6-months are reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Usual Care n=28 Participants Usual care consists of the traditional clinic intervention that focuses on testing services, ART treatment, and information about disease management.	Group-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT) n=25 Participants G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms. Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT): G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms.	Multiple Family Group (MFG) n=31 Participants MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support. Multiple Family Group (MFG): MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support.
Engagement in Sexual Risk Behaviors (Child Reports)	0 Participants	0 Participants	0 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: Only child reports were analyzed.

Intentions to engage in sexual risk behaviors were assessed by asking respondents to rate how 5 sexual activity-related statements applied to them. Items were rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with 1=never, 2=sometimes, 3=about half of the time, 4=most of the time and 5=always. Min/max values: 5-25, with higher scores indicating high intentions to engage in sexual risk-taking behaviors. Scores at 6-months are reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Usual Care n=28 Participants Usual care consists of the traditional clinic intervention that focuses on testing services, ART treatment, and information about disease management.	Group-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT) n=25 Participants G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms. Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT): G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms.	Multiple Family Group (MFG) n=31 Participants MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support. Multiple Family Group (MFG): MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support.
Intentions to Engage in Sexual Risk Behaviors (Child Reports)	5.43 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.92	5.84 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.84	5.52 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.55

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: Only child reports were analyzed.

Child-caregiver support was measured using 17 items from the Social Support Behaviors Scale (SS-BS) scale. Respondents were asked to rate the adults they live with, on a 5-point Likert scale, with 1= never, 2 = sometimes, 3=about half of the time, 4=most of the time, and 5= always. Min/max values: 17-85. Summated scores were created with high scores indicating high levels of perceived support from caregivers. Scores at 6-months are reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Usual Care n=28 Participants Usual care consists of the traditional clinic intervention that focuses on testing services, ART treatment, and information about disease management.	Group-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT) n=25 Participants G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms. Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT): G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms.	Multiple Family Group (MFG) n=31 Participants MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support. Multiple Family Group (MFG): MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support.
Child-Caregiver Support (Child Reports)	57.93 score on a scale Standard Deviation 5.91	54.82 score on a scale Standard Deviation 6.89	59.77 score on a scale Standard Deviation 5.32

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: Only child reports were analyzed.

Child's quality of friendships was measured using 21-items from the Friendship Qualities Scale. This multidimensional measurement scale assesses the quality of children's relationships with their best friends via several aspects, including closeness, help, safety and closeness. Respondents were asked to rate how each statement applied to them. Responses were rated on a 5- point Likert scale, with 1=never, 2=sometimes, 3=about half of the time, 4=most of the time, and 5= always. Min/max values: 21-105, with high scores indicating high quality friendship levels. Scores at 6-months are reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Usual Care n=28 Participants Usual care consists of the traditional clinic intervention that focuses on testing services, ART treatment, and information about disease management.	Group-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT) n=25 Participants G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms. Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT): G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms.	Multiple Family Group (MFG) n=31 Participants MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support. Multiple Family Group (MFG): MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support.
Friendship Quality (Child Reports)	78.21 score on a scale Standard Deviation 12.31	83.45 score on a scale Standard Deviation 15.02	80.50 score on a scale Standard Deviation 15.07

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 moths

Population: Only child reports were analyzed.

Child loneliness was assessed using the UCLA Loneliness Scale. The 20-item scale measures one's subjective feelings of loneliness as well as feelings of social isolation. Responses were rated on 4-point Likert scale with 3= I often feel this way, 2= I sometimes feel this way, 1 = I rarely feel this way, and 0=I never feel this way. Min/max values: 0-60, with high scores indicating higher levels of social isolation. Scores at 6-months are reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Usual Care n=28 Participants Usual care consists of the traditional clinic intervention that focuses on testing services, ART treatment, and information about disease management.	Group-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT) n=25 Participants G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms. Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT): G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms.	Multiple Family Group (MFG) n=31 Participants MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support. Multiple Family Group (MFG): MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support.
Loneliness (Child Reports)	27.50 score on a scale Standard Deviation 6.08	28.24 score on a scale Standard Deviation 9.18	30.52 score on a scale Standard Deviation 9.93

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: Only caregiver reports were analyzed.

Caregiver mental health functioning was assessed using 34-items from the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). The scale measures symptoms of anxiety, somatization and depression. Respondents were asked to rate how they felt emotionally, on a 5-point Likert scale, with 1=Never true, 2=rarely true, 3= true sometimes, 4= true most of the time and 5=always true. Min/max values: 34-170, with higher scores representing higher levels of caregiver mental distress. Scores at 6-months are reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Usual Care n=28 Participants Usual care consists of the traditional clinic intervention that focuses on testing services, ART treatment, and information about disease management.	Group-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT) n=25 Participants G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms. Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT): G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms.	Multiple Family Group (MFG) n=31 Participants MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support. Multiple Family Group (MFG): MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support.
Caregiver Mental Health (Caregiver Reports)	69.53 score on a scale Standard Deviation 26.71	65.88 score on a scale Standard Deviation 18.05	69.32 score on a scale Standard Deviation 19.81

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: Only caregiver reports were analyzed.

Parenting stress was measured by 33 items from the Parenting Stress Index (PSI). The 33-item scale assesses symptoms related to parental distress, difficult child, and caregiver-child dysfunctional relationships. Respondents were asked to rate their parenting stress, on a 4-point Likert scale, with 1=strongly disagree, 2=somewhat disagree, 3=somewhat agree and 4=strongly agree. The theoretical range for this scale is 33-132, with high scores indicating high levels of parenting stress. Score at 6-months are reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Usual Care n=28 Participants Usual care consists of the traditional clinic intervention that focuses on testing services, ART treatment, and information about disease management.	Group-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT) n=25 Participants G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms. Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT): G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms.	Multiple Family Group (MFG) n=31 Participants MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support. Multiple Family Group (MFG): MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support.
Caregiver Parenting Stress (Caregiver Reports)	61.96 score on a scale Standard Deviation 12.99	62.52 score on a scale Standard Deviation 15.98	62.00 score on a scale Standard Deviation 13.44

Adverse Events

Usual Care: Children

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Group-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT): Children

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Multiple Family Group (MFG): Children

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 1 deaths

Usual Care: Caregivers

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 1 deaths

Group-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT): Caregivers

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Multiple Family Group (MFG): Caregivers

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Dr. Proscovia Nabunya

Washington University in St. Louis

Phone: 3149359087

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place

Measure	Usual Care n=58 Participants Usual care consists of the traditional clinic intervention that focuses on testing services, ART treatment, and information about disease management.	Group-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT) n=52 Participants Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT): G-CBT consists of 10-session for HIV/AIDS-associated stigma, utilizing core components of CBT, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and skill-building to increase adaptive coping mechanisms.	Multiple Family Group (MFG) n=68 Participants Multiple Family Group (MFG): MFG consists of 10-sessions that strengthen family relationships intended to address HIV/AIDS-associated stigma at the individual level and within families. The core components of MFG are known as 4Rs and 2S's: rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress and social support.	Total n=178 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous Child age	12.45 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.35 • n=29 Participants • Age was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	12.69 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.09 • n=26 Participants • Age was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	11.65 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.52 • n=34 Participants • Age was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	12.21 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.41 • n=89 Participants • Age was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.
Age, Continuous Caregiver age	48.69 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.40 • n=29 Participants • Age was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	46.77 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.22 • n=26 Participants • Age was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	46.65 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 16.77 • n=34 Participants • Age was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	47.35 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.12 • n=89 Participants • Age was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.
Sex: Female, Male Child Sex · Female	17 Participants n=29 Participants • Sex was analysed separately for children and caregivers.	17 Participants n=26 Participants • Sex was analysed separately for children and caregivers.	22 Participants n=34 Participants • Sex was analysed separately for children and caregivers.	56 Participants n=89 Participants • Sex was analysed separately for children and caregivers.
Sex: Female, Male Child Sex · Male	12 Participants n=29 Participants • Sex was analysed separately for children and caregivers.	9 Participants n=26 Participants • Sex was analysed separately for children and caregivers.	12 Participants n=34 Participants • Sex was analysed separately for children and caregivers.	33 Participants n=89 Participants • Sex was analysed separately for children and caregivers.
Sex: Female, Male Caregiver sex · Female	22 Participants n=29 Participants • Sex was analysed separately for children and caregivers.	18 Participants n=26 Participants • Sex was analysed separately for children and caregivers.	29 Participants n=34 Participants • Sex was analysed separately for children and caregivers.	69 Participants n=89 Participants • Sex was analysed separately for children and caregivers.
Sex: Female, Male Caregiver sex · Male	7 Participants n=29 Participants • Sex was analysed separately for children and caregivers.	8 Participants n=26 Participants • Sex was analysed separately for children and caregivers.	5 Participants n=34 Participants • Sex was analysed separately for children and caregivers.	20 Participants n=89 Participants • Sex was analysed separately for children and caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB) Child Race · American Indian or Alaska Native	0 Participants n=29 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=26 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=34 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=89 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB) Child Race · Asian	0 Participants n=29 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=26 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=34 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=89 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB) Child Race · Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0 Participants n=29 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=26 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=34 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=89 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB) Child Race · Black or African American	29 Participants n=29 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	26 Participants n=26 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	34 Participants n=34 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	89 Participants n=89 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB) Child Race · White	0 Participants n=29 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=26 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=34 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=89 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB) Child Race · More than one race	0 Participants n=29 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=26 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=34 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=89 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB) Child Race · Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants n=29 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=26 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=34 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=89 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB) Caregiver Race · American Indian or Alaska Native	0 Participants n=29 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=26 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=34 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=89 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB) Caregiver Race · Asian	0 Participants n=29 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=26 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=34 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=89 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB) Caregiver Race · Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0 Participants n=29 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=26 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=34 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=89 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB) Caregiver Race · Black or African American	29 Participants n=29 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	26 Participants n=26 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	34 Participants n=34 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	89 Participants n=89 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB) Caregiver Race · White	0 Participants n=29 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=26 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=34 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=89 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB) Caregiver Race · More than one race	0 Participants n=29 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=26 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=34 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=89 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB) Caregiver Race · Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants n=29 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=26 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=34 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.	0 Participants n=89 Participants • Race was analyzed separately for children and caregivers.
Region of Enrollment Uganda · Children	29 Participants n=58 Participants	26 Participants n=52 Participants	34 Participants n=68 Participants	89 Participants n=178 Participants
Region of Enrollment Uganda · Caregivers	29 Participants n=58 Participants	26 Participants n=52 Participants	34 Participants n=68 Participants	89 Participants n=178 Participants
HIV Stigma (Child Reports)	84.41 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 19.60 • n=29 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	79.15 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 19.25 • n=26 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	77.88 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 18.74 • n=34 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	80.38 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 19.17 • n=89 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.
HIV Shame (Child Reports)	3.28 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.78 • n=29 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	2.54 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.34 • n=26 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	2.59 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.87 • n=34 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	2.80 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.05 • n=89 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.
Stigma by Association (Child Reports)	4.38 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.76 • n=29 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	4.73 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.14 • n=26 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	2.88 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.78 • n=34 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	3.91 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.56 • n=89 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.
Depressive Symptoms (Child Reports)	4.90 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.48 • n=29 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	5.38 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.49 • n=26 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	4.85 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.82 • n=34 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	5.02 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.58 • n=89 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.
Self-Concept (Child Reports)	38.03 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.80 • n=29 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	39.92 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.53 • n=26 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	36.39 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.41 • n=34 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	38.01 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.01 • n=89 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.
Hopelessness (Child Reports)	6.00 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.22 • n=29 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	6.27 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.42 • n=26 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	5.50 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.03 • n=34 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	5.89 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.19 • n=89 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms (Child Reports)	19.76 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.25 • n=29 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	22.88 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.69 • n=26 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	20.56 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.94 • n=34 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	20.98 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.53 • n=89 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.
Self reported medication adherence (Child Reports)	90.15 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.17 • n=29 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	91.77 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.82 • n=26 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	92.55 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.31 • n=34 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	91.77 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.82 • n=89 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.
Engagement in sexual risk behavior (Child Reports)	1 Participants n=29 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	0 Participants n=26 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	0 Participants n=34 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	1 Participants n=89 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.
Intentions to engage in sexual risk behaviors (Child Reports)	6.52 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.46 • n=29 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	5.85 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.41 • n=26 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	5.91 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.01 • n=34 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	6.09 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.27 • n=89 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.
Child-Caregiver Support (Child Reports)	54.59 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.44 • n=29 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	54.08 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.89 • n=26 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	57.00 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.81 • n=34 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	55.30 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.89 • n=89 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.
Friendship Quality (Child Reports)	74.34 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.16 • n=29 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	79.08 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.40 • n=26 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	80.61 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 16.67 • n=34 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	78.03 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.30 • n=89 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.
Loneliness (Child Reports)	34 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.80 • n=29 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	32.23 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.67 • n=26 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	33.47 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.28 • n=34 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.	33.28 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.77 • n=89 Participants • Only child reports were analyzed.
Stigma by Association (Caregiver Reports)	4.90 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.17 • n=29 Participants • Only caregiver reports were analyzed.	4.23 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.85 • n=26 Participants • Only caregiver reports were analyzed.	5.00 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.52 • n=34 Participants • Only caregiver reports were analyzed.	4.74 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.17 • n=89 Participants • Only caregiver reports were analyzed.
HIV/AIDS Stigma and Discrimination (Caregiver Reports)	42.72 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.95 • n=29 Participants • Only caregiver reports were analyzed.	38.85 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.90 • n=26 Participants • Only caregiver reports were analyzed.	36.50 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.51 • n=34 Participants • Only caregiver reports were analyzed.	39.21 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.96 • n=89 Participants • Only caregiver reports were analyzed.
Caregiver Mental Health (Caregiver Reports)	76.28 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 24.36 • n=29 Participants • Only caregiver reports were analyzed.	75.54 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 23.76 • n=26 Participants • Only caregiver reports were analyzed.	72.29 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 20.00 • n=34 Participants • Only caregiver reports were analyzed.	74.54 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 22.42 • n=89 Participants • Only caregiver reports were analyzed.
Parenting Stress (Caregiver Reports)	71.17 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 17.32 • n=29 Participants • Only caregiver reports were analyzed.	75.65 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 19.93 • n=26 Participants • Only caregiver reports were analyzed.	70.26 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 17.53 • n=34 Participants • Only caregiver reports were analyzed.	72.13 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 18.14 • n=89 Participants • Only caregiver reports were analyzed.