Ex-vivo Delivery of Rituximab to Prevent PTLD in EBV Mismatch Lung Transplant Recipients: A Pilot Trial

NCT ID: NCT04507477

Last Updated: 2022-08-02

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: UNKNOWN
• Clinical Phase: PHASE1/PHASE2
• Total Enrollment: 10 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2020-07-07
• Study Completion Date: 2023-02-07

Brief Summary

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) can present as a type of malignancy that limits patient and graft survival after solid organ transplantation. Many early PTLDs are driven by the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV).

Once acquired, EBV virus establishes latency in B-cells and can reactivate under immunosuppression. The highest risk transplant type to develop PTLD are lung transplants who have newly acquired EBV from their donors (D+/R-). There are no good modalities to prevent PTLD from developing after transplant. Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody that depletes B-cells thereby also reducing the burden of EBV. However, rituximab can have toxicities when given intravenously including infusion reactions and increased risk of reactions.

Furthermore, more than one dose is usually required. The Toronto Transplant program has developed a technology called ex vivo lung perfusion that repairs lungs outside of the body. Preliminary work has shown that rituximab given through the EVLP circuit can coat B-cells. We have also shown that there is no toxicity to the lung by giving rituximab. The current highly novel study proposes to treat donor lungs ex-vivo with rituximab in order to decrease the amount of B-cells and EBV in the graft. These lungs will then be transplanted into EBV negative patients with the hope that transmission of EBV would be reduced or prevented. Ten patients will be included in the current trial. Outcomes include safety, EBV viral load, and B-cell measurements in biopsies.

Detailed Description

Previous studies have shown that EBV D+/R- lung transplant patients have a high rate of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease up to 22%. Various methods have been proposed to decrease the risk of PTLD in EBV D+/R- organ transplants. These include a) antiviral prophylaxis with valganciclovir; b) EBV viral load monitoring and reduction of immunosuppression; c) avoidance of polyclonal antibody induction; d) treatment of EBV viremia with ganciclovir +/- intravenous immunoglobulin; e) pre-emptive systemic rituximab for EBV viremia. Antiviral strategies which include (val)ganciclovir in particular do not have proven efficacy in this setting. In addition, current antivirals do NOT target latent virus which would be the predominant form of virus in the allograft, and is also the predominant viral state that drives B-cell proliferation. Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that targets CD20+ B-cells. It has been used clinically for many years to treat a variety of diseases and is used in transplantation for induction. Rituximab has been used successfully as a prophylactic and therapeutic drug for the reduction of EBV viremia and PTLD in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Ex-Vivo Lung Perfusion (EVLP) is a novel method of donor lung preservation and treatment developed in Toronto which allows donor lungs to be treated for up to 12h or more under protective physiological conditions. This essentially creates a critical time window in which donor lungs can be optimally repaired prior to transplant. An advantage of ex-vivo delivery of rituximab includes the ability to deliver high-doses locally to the graft while potentially avoiding serious adverse effects in the recipient. Pre-clinical studies have shown that adding rituximab to the perfusate allows for safe delivery of the drug directly to the lungs and adjacent lymph nodes and is non-toxic. EBV D+/R- lung transplant patients have a high rate of PTLD. There are no proven prevention measures. Rituximab is a commonly used medication in transplant patients as well as for other indications. Rituximab depletes B cells in lung tissues and may reduce the transmission of EBV, thereby preventing PTLD. Giving Rituximab directly to the lungs will avoid systemic toxicity in the patient. The investigators hypothesize that donor lungs treated with Rituximab during ex vivo lung perfusion will result in B-cell depletion and therefore be less likely to transmit EBV, thereby reducing the risk of PTLD in the lung recipient. As noted above the advantages of delivering rituximab ex vivo include prevention of adverse effects of rituximab including systemic depletion of B-cells, reduced systemic immunosuppression, and infusion-related toxicities, and ability to deliver a high-dose locally to the allograft.

Conditions

Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

Study Design

• Allocation Method: NA
• Intervention Model: SINGLE_GROUP
• Primary Study Purpose: PREVENTION
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

Rituximab + Ex-vivo lung perfusion

Donor lungs deemed suitable for such patients will undergo ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) as per standard practice. In clinical practice almost all adult donor lungs are EBV seropositive. If in the rare case the donor lung is EBV seronegative, then the lung transplant candidate/recipient will no longer need to be part of the study. Therefore, for EBV seropositive lungs meant for an EBV seronegative recipient, one dose of rituximab (500mg) will be added to the EVLP perfusate and be allowed to circulate for 3-4 hours. Lungs will then be transplanted as per standard procedure.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Rituximab

Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL

For EBV seropositive lungs meant for an EBV seronegative recipient, one dose of rituximab (500mg) will be added to the EVLP perfusate and be allowed to circulate for 3-4 hours.

Interventions

Rituximab

For EBV seropositive lungs meant for an EBV seronegative recipient, one dose of rituximab (500mg) will be added to the EVLP perfusate and be allowed to circulate for 3-4 hours.

Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL

Other Intervention Names

Rituxan

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Age >=18 years
• Listed for single or double lung transplantation
• EBV (EBNA IgG and/or VCA IgG) seronegative (tested within the last 12 months)

Exclusion Criteria

• EBV seropositivity at any time prior to transplant
• History of Cancer (eg, lymphoma)
• History of receiving rituximab or allergy to rituximab
• Underlying immunodeficiency (eg, common variable immune deficiency)
• Unable or unwilling to comply with study procedures

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

University Health Network, Toronto

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Deepali Kumar

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University Health Network, Toronto

Locations

University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Multi-Organ Transplant

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Site Status: RECRUITING

Countries

Canada

Central Contacts

Natalia Pinzon

Role: CONTACT

natalia.pinzon@uhn.ca

416-340-4241

Facility Contacts

Deepali Kumar, MD

Role: primary

deepali.kumar@uhn.ca

+1 416 340 4800 ext. 4241

Other Identifiers

19-6260

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id