Trial Outcomes & Findings for cTBS/fMRI Study of Hierarchical Control in the PFC (NCT NCT04464473)
NCT ID: NCT04464473
Last Updated: 2025-06-04
Results Overview
effective connectivity among areas of the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortex in the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) \[note, this measure has no units, but effective connectivity is a rate measure, so is expressed in Hertz\]
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
53 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
baseline, pre-intervention and immediately after intervention (5 minutes to 1 hour post-TMS)
Results posted on
2025-06-04
Participant Flow
After enrollment, participants complete 1) a baseline functional MRI scan to determine targets for transcranial magnetic stimulation, and 2) motor thresholding to determine intensity of transcranial magnetic stimulation. Participants are not assigned to arms if they cannot perform the task inside the MRI scanner (e.g. due to claustrophobia) or if they cannot tolerate transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Participant milestones
| Measure |
FPl-TMS Then MFG-TMS Then S1-TMS
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the lateral frontal pole first followed by middle frontal gyrus followed by primary somatosensory cortex. Each visit consists of 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold to one target.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
FPl-TMS Then S1-TMS Then MFG-TMS
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the lateral frontal pole first followed by primary somatosensory cortex followed by middle frontal gyrus. Each visit consists of 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold to one target.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
MFG-TMS Then FPl-TMS Then S1-TMS
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the middle frontal gyrus then lateral frontal pole then primary somatosensory cortex. Each visit consists of 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold to one target.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
MFG-TMS Then S1-TMS Then FPl-TMS
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the middle frontal gyrus then primary somatosensory cortex then lateral frontal pole. Each visit consists of 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold to one target.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
S1-TMS Then FPl-TMS Then MFG-TMS
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to primary somatosensory cortex then lateral frontal pole then middle frontal gyrus. Each visit consisted of600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold to one target.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
S1-TMS Then MFG-TMS Then FPl-TMS
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to primary somatosensory cortex then middle frontal gyrus then lateral frontal pole. Each visit consisted of600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold to one target.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
6
|
6
|
6
|
9
|
7
|
5
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
6
|
6
|
6
|
6
|
7
|
5
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
Reasons for withdrawal
| Measure |
FPl-TMS Then MFG-TMS Then S1-TMS
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the lateral frontal pole first followed by middle frontal gyrus followed by primary somatosensory cortex. Each visit consists of 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold to one target.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
FPl-TMS Then S1-TMS Then MFG-TMS
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the lateral frontal pole first followed by primary somatosensory cortex followed by middle frontal gyrus. Each visit consists of 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold to one target.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
MFG-TMS Then FPl-TMS Then S1-TMS
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the middle frontal gyrus then lateral frontal pole then primary somatosensory cortex. Each visit consists of 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold to one target.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
MFG-TMS Then S1-TMS Then FPl-TMS
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the middle frontal gyrus then primary somatosensory cortex then lateral frontal pole. Each visit consists of 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold to one target.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
S1-TMS Then FPl-TMS Then MFG-TMS
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to primary somatosensory cortex then lateral frontal pole then middle frontal gyrus. Each visit consisted of600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold to one target.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
S1-TMS Then MFG-TMS Then FPl-TMS
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to primary somatosensory cortex then middle frontal gyrus then lateral frontal pole. Each visit consisted of600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold to one target.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
New piercing could not be removed for scanning
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
Overall Study
Adverse Event
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
Baseline Characteristics
cTBS/fMRI Study of Hierarchical Control in the PFC
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
FPl-TMS Then MFG-TMS Then S1-TMS
n=6 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the lateral frontal pole first followed by middle frontal gyrus followed by primary somatosensory cortex. Each visit consists of 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold to one target.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
FPl-TMS Then S1-TMS Then MFG-TMS
n=6 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the lateral frontal pole first followed by primary somatosensory cortex followed by middle frontal gyrus. Each visit consists of 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold to one target.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
MFG-TMS Then FPl-TMS Then S1-TMS
n=6 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the middle frontal gyrus first followed by lateral frontal pole followed by primary somatosensory cortex. Each visit consists of 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold to one target.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
MFG-TMS Then S1-TMS Then FPl-TMS
n=9 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the middle frontal gyrus first followed by primary somatosensory cortex followed by lateral frontal pole. Each visit consists of 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold to one target.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
S1-TMS Then FPl-TMS Then MFG-TMS
n=7 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to primary somatosensory cortex first followed by lateral frontal pole followed by middle frontal gyrus. Each visit consists of 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold to one target.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
S1-TMS Then MFG-TMS Then FPl-TMS
n=5 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to primary somatosensory cortex first followed by middle frontal gyrus followed by lateral frontal pole. Each visit consists of 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold to one target.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
Total
n=39 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=115 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
|
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
9 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
39 Participants
n=115 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=115 Participants
|
|
Age, Continuous
|
19 Years
n=5 Participants
|
19 Years
n=7 Participants
|
19.83 Years
n=5 Participants
|
19 Years
n=4 Participants
|
19.86 Years
n=21 Participants
|
19.8 Years
n=10 Participants
|
19.38 Years
n=115 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
27 Participants
n=115 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
12 Participants
n=115 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
10 Participants
n=115 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
|
5 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
29 Participants
n=115 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=115 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=115 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
|
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=115 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=115 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=115 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
|
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
8 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
31 Participants
n=115 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=115 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=115 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United States
|
6 participants
n=5 Participants
|
6 participants
n=7 Participants
|
6 participants
n=5 Participants
|
9 participants
n=4 Participants
|
7 participants
n=21 Participants
|
5 participants
n=10 Participants
|
39 participants
n=115 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: baseline, pre-intervention and immediately after intervention (5 minutes to 1 hour post-TMS)Population: Participants were included in analysis if they (1) met an 85% overall accuracy on the behavioral task prior to the intervention, (2) completed all three study arms and (3) do not exceed a root mean squared framewise displacement of 0.25, a measure of movement during scans.
effective connectivity among areas of the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortex in the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) \[note, this measure has no units, but effective connectivity is a rate measure, so is expressed in Hertz\]
Outcome measures
| Measure |
FPl-TMS
n=30 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the lateral frontal pole. 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
MFG-TMS
n=30 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the middle frontal gyrus. 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold..
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
S1-TMS
n=30 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to primary somatosensory cortex. 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold..
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
PFC-PPC Effective Connectivity
MFG Efferent Connectivity to Temporal Control Areas Magnitude Change from Baseline
|
0.0442 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0393
|
0.0583 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0353
|
-0.0073 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0418
|
|
PFC-PPC Effective Connectivity
MFG Efferent Connectivity Overall Magnitude
|
0.3646 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0235
|
0.3756 Hertz
Standard Error 0.026
|
0.3425 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0237
|
|
PFC-PPC Effective Connectivity
MFG Efferent Connectivity to Temporal Control Areas Magnitude
|
0.4519 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0367
|
0.466 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0404
|
0.4004 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0341
|
|
PFC-PPC Effective Connectivity
MFG Efferent Connectivity to Contextual Control Areas Magnitude
|
0.2772 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0278
|
0.2853 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0345
|
0.2846 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0295
|
|
PFC-PPC Effective Connectivity
FPl Efferent Connectivity Overall Magnitude
|
0.2283 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0212
|
0.2352 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0232
|
0.2672 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0216
|
|
PFC-PPC Effective Connectivity
FPl Efferent Connectivity to Temporal Control Areas Magnitude
|
0.3363 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0446
|
0.3883 Hertz
Standard Error 0.054
|
0.4504 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0469
|
|
PFC-PPC Effective Connectivity
FPl Efferent Connectivity to Contextual Areas Magnitude
|
0.228 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0281
|
0.2184 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0287
|
0.2302 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0213
|
|
PFC-PPC Effective Connectivity
FPl Efferent Connectivity to Sensorimotor Control Areas Magnitude
|
0.1213 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0195
|
0.1325 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0266
|
0.1948 Hertz
Standard Error 0.034
|
|
PFC-PPC Effective Connectivity
MFG Efferent Connectivity Overall Magnitude Change from Baseline
|
0.0167 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0279
|
0.0277 Hertz
Standard Error 0.026
|
-0.0054 Hertz
Standard Error 0.025
|
|
PFC-PPC Effective Connectivity
MFG Efferent Connectivity to Contextual Control Areas Magnitude Change from Baseline
|
-0.011 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0299
|
-0.0029 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0341
|
-0.0036 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0247
|
|
PFC-PPC Effective Connectivity
FPl Efferent Connectivity Overall Magnitude Change from Baseline
|
0.0044 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0245
|
0.0113 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0303
|
0.0433 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0272
|
|
PFC-PPC Effective Connectivity
FPl Efferent Connectivity to Temporal Control Areas Magnitude Change from Baseline
|
0.035 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0512
|
0.087 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0613
|
0.1491 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0439
|
|
PFC-PPC Effective Connectivity
FPl Efferent Connectivity to Contextual Control Areas Magnitude Change from Baseline
|
0.0067 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0328
|
-0.0029 Hertz
Standard Error 0.039
|
0.0089 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0377
|
|
PFC-PPC Effective Connectivity
FPl Efferent Connectivity to Sensorimotor Control Areas Magnitude Change from Baseline
|
-0.033 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0262
|
-0.0218 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0362
|
0.0405 Hertz
Standard Error 0.0329
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: baseline, pre-intervention and immediately after intervention (5 minutes to 1 hour post-TMS)Population: Participants were included in analysis if they (1) met an 85% overall accuracy on the behavioral task prior to the intervention, (2) completed all three study arms and (3) did not exceed a root mean squared framewise displacement of 0.25, a measure of movement during scans.
blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal in areas of the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortex assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) \[note, this measure has no units\]
Outcome measures
| Measure |
FPl-TMS
n=31 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the lateral frontal pole. 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
MFG-TMS
n=31 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the middle frontal gyrus. 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold..
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
S1-TMS
n=31 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to primary somatosensory cortex. 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold..
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
PFC-PPC Activation
Overall BOLD
|
0.1132 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0313
|
0.1155 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0227
|
0.0992 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0274
|
|
PFC-PPC Activation
Overall BOLD in Temporal Control BOLD Subsystem
|
0.1519 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0425
|
0.1619 No Unit
Standard Error 0.031
|
0.162 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0357
|
|
PFC-PPC Activation
Overall BOLD in Contextual Control Subsystem
|
0.1499 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0393
|
0.1667 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0289
|
0.1253 No Unit
Standard Error 0.034
|
|
PFC-PPC Activation
Overall BOLD in Sensorimotor Control Subsystem
|
0.15 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0396
|
0.1143 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0322
|
0.0998 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0291
|
|
PFC-PPC Activation
Temporal Control BOLD in Temporal Control Subsystem
|
0.2269 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0361
|
0.305 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0337
|
0.2531 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0379
|
|
PFC-PPC Activation
Temporal Control BOLD in Contextual Control Subsystem
|
0.038 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0327
|
0.1167 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0319
|
0.0802 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0328
|
|
PFC-PPC Activation
Temporal Control BOLD in Sensorimotor Control Subsystem
|
-0.0086 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0323
|
0.0621 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0334
|
-0.0186 No Unit
Standard Error 0.031
|
|
PFC-PPC Activation
Contextual Control BOLD in Temporal Control Subsystem
|
0.1719 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0382
|
0.1542 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0387
|
0.1535 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0329
|
|
PFC-PPC Activation
Contextual Control BOLD in Contextual Control Subsystem
|
0.3773 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0342
|
0.331 No Unit
Standard Error 0.037
|
0.349 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0352
|
|
PFC-PPC Activation
Contextual Control BOLD in Sensorimotor Control Subsystem
|
0.3079 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0256
|
0.3133 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0315
|
0.3008 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0298
|
|
PFC-PPC Activation
Temporal x Contextual Control BOLD in Temporal Control Subsystem
|
-0.0717 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0366
|
-0.065 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0346
|
-0.0177 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0461
|
|
PFC-PPC Activation
Temporal x Contextual Control BOLD in Contextual Control Subsystem
|
0.2218 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0333
|
0.1645 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0357
|
0.2455 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0365
|
|
PFC-PPC Activation
Temporal x Contextual Control BOLD in Sensorimotor Control Subsystem
|
0.2713 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0379
|
0.2402 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0376
|
0.2666 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0283
|
|
PFC-PPC Activation
Overall BOLD Change from Baseline
|
0.0096 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0267
|
0.0120 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0239
|
-0.0044 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0272
|
|
PFC-PPC Activation
Overall BOLD in Temporal Control Subsystem Change from Baseline
|
-0.0336 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0344
|
-0.0236 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0317
|
-0.0235 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0333
|
|
PFC-PPC Activation
Overall BOLD in Contextual Control Subsystem Change from Baseline
|
0.0187 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0333
|
0.0355 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0289
|
-0.0059 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0308
|
|
PFC-PPC Activation
Overall BOLD in Sensorimotor Control Subsystem Change from Baseline
|
0.0777 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0348
|
0.042 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0302
|
0.0275 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0314
|
|
PFC-PPC Activation
Temporal Control BOLD in Temporal Control Subsystem Change from Baseline
|
-0.0783 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0352
|
-0.0002 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0343
|
-0.0521 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0391
|
|
PFC-PPC Activation
Temporal Control BOLD in Contextual Control Subsystem Change from Baseline
|
0.0067 No Unit
Standard Error 0.027
|
0.0854 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0311
|
0.0489 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0398
|
|
PFC-PPC Activation
Temporal Control BOLD in Sensorimotor Control Subsystem Change from Baseline
|
0.06 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0303
|
0.1307 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0321
|
0.05 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0388
|
|
PFC-PPC Activation
Contextual Control BOLD in Temporal Control Subsystem Change from Baseline
|
0.028 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0405
|
0.0103 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0417
|
0.0096 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0398
|
|
PFC-PPC Activation
Contextual Control BOLD in Contextual Control Subsystem Change from Baseline
|
-0.0228 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0347
|
-0.0691 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0262
|
-0.0511 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0274
|
|
PFC-PPC Activation
Contextual Control BOLD in Sensorimotor Control Subsystem Change from Baseline
|
-0.0498 No Unit
Standard Error 0.033
|
-0.0444 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0257
|
-0.0569 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0265
|
|
PFC-PPC Activation
Temporal x Contextual Control BOLD in Temporal Control Subsystem Change from Baseline
|
0.0194 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0386
|
0.0261 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0369
|
0.0734 No Unit
Standard Error 0.041
|
|
PFC-PPC Activation
Temporal x Contextual Control BOLD in Contextual Control Subsystem Change from Baseline
|
0.0797 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0364
|
0.0224 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0388
|
0.1034 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0315
|
|
PFC-PPC Activation
Temporal x Contextual Control BOLD in Sensorimotor Control Subsystem Change from Baseline
|
0.0564 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0348
|
0.0253 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0446
|
0.0517 No Unit
Standard Error 0.0306
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: baseline, pre-intervention and immediately after intervention (5 minutes to 1 hour post-TMS)Population: Participants were included in analysis if they (1) met an 85% overall accuracy on the behavioral task prior to the intervention, and (2) completed all three study arms.
behavioral performance (error rate) on conditions involving temporal control in the comprehensive control task
Outcome measures
| Measure |
FPl-TMS
n=32 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the lateral frontal pole. 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
MFG-TMS
n=32 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the middle frontal gyrus. 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold..
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
S1-TMS
n=32 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to primary somatosensory cortex. 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold..
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Temporal Control Performance (Error Rate)
Difference between high and low temporal control trials error rate
|
4.541 Error Rate (%)
Standard Error 1.043
|
3.826 Error Rate (%)
Standard Error 0.999
|
4.329 Error Rate (%)
Standard Error 1.121
|
|
Temporal Control Performance (Error Rate)
Difference between high and low temporal control subtask trial error rate
|
-0.293 Error Rate (%)
Standard Error 0.490
|
-0.942 Error Rate (%)
Standard Error 0.683
|
0.358 Error Rate (%)
Standard Error 0.340
|
|
Temporal Control Performance (Error Rate)
Difference between high and low temporal control return trial error rate
|
9.375 Error Rate (%)
Standard Error 2.108
|
8.594 Error Rate (%)
Standard Error 2.011
|
8.301 Error Rate (%)
Standard Error 2.221
|
|
Temporal Control Performance (Error Rate)
Difference between high and low temporal control trials error rate relative to baseline
|
0.042 Error Rate (%)
Standard Error 1.454
|
-0.673 Error Rate (%)
Standard Error 1.450
|
-0.169 Error Rate (%)
Standard Error 1.415
|
|
Temporal Control Performance (Error Rate)
Difference between high and low temporal control subtask trial error rate relative to baseline
|
0.769 Error Rate (%)
Standard Error 0.697
|
0.119 Error Rate (%)
Standard Error 0.898
|
1.420 Error Rate (%)
Standard Error 0.512
|
|
Temporal Control Performance (Error Rate)
Difference between high and low temporal control return trial accuracy relative to error rate
|
-0.684 Error Rate (%)
Standard Error 3.075
|
-1.465 Error Rate (%)
Standard Error 2.620
|
-1.758 Error Rate (%)
Standard Error 2.717
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: baseline, pre-intervention and immediately after intervention (5 minutes to 1 hour post-TMS)Population: Participants were included in analysis if they (1) met an 85% overall accuracy on the behavioral task prior to the intervention, and (2) completed all three study arms.
behavioral performance (error rate) on conditions involving contextual control in the comprehensive control task
Outcome measures
| Measure |
FPl-TMS
n=32 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the lateral frontal pole. 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
MFG-TMS
n=32 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the middle frontal gyrus. 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold..
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
S1-TMS
n=32 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to primary somatosensory cortex. 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold..
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Contextual Control Performance (Error Rate)
Difference between high and low contextual control trials error rate
|
5.580 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 1.240
|
6.950 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 1.200
|
5.890 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 1.210
|
|
Contextual Control Performance (Error Rate)
Difference between high and low contextual control subtask trial error rate
|
1.990 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 0.360
|
2.960 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 0.580
|
2.700 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 0.510
|
|
Contextual Control Performance (Error Rate)
Difference between high and low contextual control return trial error rate
|
9.180 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 2.412
|
10.940 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 2.240
|
9.080 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 2.378
|
|
Contextual Control Performance (Error Rate)
Difference between high and low contextual control error rate relative to baseline
|
2.030 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 0.922
|
3.400 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 1.100
|
2.340 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 1.365
|
|
Contextual Control Performance (Error Rate)
Difference between high and low contextual control subtask trial error rate relative to baseline
|
0.270 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 0.410
|
1.240 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 0.577
|
0.980 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 0.596
|
|
Contextual Control Performance (Error Rate)
Difference between high and low contextual control return trial error rate relative to baseline
|
3.810 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 1.846
|
5.570 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 2.089
|
3.710 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 2.690
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: baseline, pre-intervention and immediately after intervention (5 minutes to 1 hour post-TMS)Population: Participants were included in analysis if they (1) met an 85% overall accuracy on the behavioral task prior to the intervention, and (2) completed all three study arms.
behavioral performance (error rate) of the interaction of temporal and contextual control in the comprehensive control task
Outcome measures
| Measure |
FPl-TMS
n=32 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the lateral frontal pole. 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
MFG-TMS
n=32 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the middle frontal gyrus. 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold..
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
S1-TMS
n=32 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to primary somatosensory cortex. 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold..
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Temporal x Contextual Control Performance (Error Rate)
Interaction contrast of temporal and contextual control on error rate
|
-1.810 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 1.098
|
0.082 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 1.151
|
-2.181 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 1.095
|
|
Temporal x Contextual Control Performance (Error Rate)
Interaction contrast of temporal and contextual control on error rate in sub-task trials
|
1.270 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 0.453
|
1.141 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 0.594
|
1.400 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 0.400
|
|
Temporal x Contextual Control Performance (Error Rate)
Interaction contrast of temporal and contextual control on error rate in return trials
|
-4.880 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 2.319
|
-0.977 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 2.199
|
-5.762 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 2.127
|
|
Temporal x Contextual Control Performance (Error Rate)
Interaction contrast of temporal and contextual control on error rate relative to baseline
|
2.210 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 1.052
|
4.102 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 1.430
|
1.839 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 1.093
|
|
Temporal x Contextual Control Performance (Error Rate)
Interaction contrast of temporal and contextual control on error rate in sub-task trials vs baseline
|
0.030 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 0.649
|
-0.099 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 0.708
|
0.160 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 0.488
|
|
Temporal x Contextual Control Performance (Error Rate)
Interaction contrast of temporal and contextual control on error rate in return trials vs baseline
|
4.400 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 2.043
|
8.303 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 2.608
|
3.518 Error rate (%)
Standard Error 2.057
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: baseline, pre-intervention and immediately after intervention (5 minutes to 1 hour post-TMS)Population: Participants were included in analysis if they (1) met an 85% overall accuracy on the behavioral task prior to the intervention, and (2) completed all three study arms.
behavioral performance (reaction time in milliseconds) on conditions involving temporal control in the comprehensive control task
Outcome measures
| Measure |
FPl-TMS
n=32 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the lateral frontal pole. 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
MFG-TMS
n=32 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the middle frontal gyrus. 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold..
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
S1-TMS
n=32 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to primary somatosensory cortex. 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold..
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Temporal Control Performance (Reaction Time)
Difference between high and low temporal control trial reaction time
|
15.700 Milliseconds
Standard Error 10.162
|
11.987 Milliseconds
Standard Error 10.200
|
-2.244 Milliseconds
Standard Error 10.872
|
|
Temporal Control Performance (Reaction Time)
Difference between high and low temporal control subtask trial reaction time
|
-18.172 Milliseconds
Standard Error 7.985
|
-16.540 Milliseconds
Standard Error 7.435
|
-23.348 Milliseconds
Standard Error 9.823
|
|
Temporal Control Performance (Reaction Time)
Difference between high and low temporal control return trial reaction time
|
49.577 Milliseconds
Standard Error 18.654
|
40.514 Milliseconds
Standard Error 16.972
|
18.861 Milliseconds
Standard Error 17.568
|
|
Temporal Control Performance (Reaction Time)
Difference between high and low temporal control trial reaction time relative to baseline
|
37.631 Milliseconds
Standard Error 12.288
|
33.917 Milliseconds
Standard Error 14.750
|
19.687 Milliseconds
Standard Error 13.650
|
|
Temporal Control Performance (Reaction Time)
Difference between high and low temporal control subtask trial reaction time relative to baseline
|
43.256 Milliseconds
Standard Error 9.600
|
44.888 Milliseconds
Standard Error 13.390
|
38.080 Milliseconds
Standard Error 14.470
|
|
Temporal Control Performance (Reaction Time)
Difference between high and low temporal control return trial reaction time relative to baseline
|
32.010 Milliseconds
Standard Error 20.900
|
22.947 Milliseconds
Standard Error 26.980
|
1.294 Milliseconds
Standard Error 21.600
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: baseline, pre-intervention and immediately after intervention (5 minutes to 1 hour post-TMS)Population: Participants were included in analysis if they (1) met an 85% overall accuracy on the behavioral task prior to the intervention, and (2) completed all three study arms.
behavioral performance (reaction time in milliseconds) on conditions involving contextual control in the comprehensive control task
Outcome measures
| Measure |
FPl-TMS
n=32 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the lateral frontal pole. 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
MFG-TMS
n=32 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the middle frontal gyrus. 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold..
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
S1-TMS
n=32 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to primary somatosensory cortex. 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold..
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Contextual Control Performance (Reaction Time)
Difference between high and low contextual control trial reaction time
|
197.700 Milliseconds
Standard Error 16.600
|
185.443 Milliseconds
Standard Error 14.300
|
160.900 Milliseconds
Standard Error 10.600
|
|
Contextual Control Performance (Reaction Time)
Difference between high and low contextual control subtask trial reaction time
|
163.774 Milliseconds
Standard Error 16.500
|
146.982 Milliseconds
Standard Error 13.300
|
132.500 Milliseconds
Standard Error 9.877
|
|
Contextual Control Performance (Reaction Time)
Difference between high and low contextual control return trial reaction time
|
231.652 Milliseconds
Standard Error 20.400
|
223.900 Milliseconds
Standard Error 19.300
|
189.270 Milliseconds
Standard Error 18.278
|
|
Contextual Control Performance (Reaction Time)
Difference between high and low contextual control trial reaction time relative to baseline
|
-0.700 Milliseconds
Standard Error 17.500
|
-12.957 Milliseconds
Standard Error 12.200
|
-37.500 Milliseconds
Standard Error 13.400
|
|
Contextual Control Performance (Reaction Time)
Difference between high and low contextual control subtask trial reaction time relative to baseline
|
-13.982 Milliseconds
Standard Error 14.660
|
-30.773 Milliseconds
Standard Error 11.757
|
-45.256 Milliseconds
Standard Error 12.360
|
|
Contextual Control Performance (Reaction Time)
Difference between high and low contextual control return trial reaction time relative to baseline
|
12.610 Milliseconds
Standard Error 26.500
|
4.858 Milliseconds
Standard Error 21.700
|
-29.772 Milliseconds
Standard Error 23.500
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: baseline, pre-intervention and immediately after intervention (5 minutes to 1 hour post-TMS)Population: Participants were included in analysis if they (1) met an 85% overall accuracy on the behavioral task prior to the intervention, and (2) completed all three study arms.
behavioral performance (reaction time in milliseconds) on the interaction between temporal control and contextual control in the comprehensive control task
Outcome measures
| Measure |
FPl-TMS
n=32 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the lateral frontal pole. 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
MFG-TMS
n=32 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the middle frontal gyrus. 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold..
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
S1-TMS
n=32 Participants
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to primary somatosensory cortex. 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold..
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Temporal Control x Contextual Control Performance (Reaction Time)
Interaction contrast of temporal control x contextual control trials on reaction time
|
55.600 Milliseconds
Standard Error 8.500
|
53.162 Milliseconds
Standard Error 10.800
|
53.280 Milliseconds
Standard Error 9.200
|
|
Temporal Control x Contextual Control Performance (Reaction Time)
Interaction contrast of temporal control x contextual control subtask trials on reaction time
|
141.900 Milliseconds
Standard Error 12.700
|
131.227 Milliseconds
Standard Error 16.300
|
125.100 Milliseconds
Standard Error 10.100
|
|
Temporal Control x Contextual Control Performance (Reaction Time)
Interaction contrast of temporal control x contextual control return trials on reaction time
|
-30.697 Milliseconds
Standard Error 12.100
|
-24.903 Milliseconds
Standard Error 15.700
|
-18.547 Milliseconds
Standard Error 14.800
|
|
Temporal Control x Contextual Control Performance (Reaction Time)
Interaction contrast of temporal control x contextual control trials on reaction time vs baseline
|
32.200 Milliseconds
Standard Error 11.800
|
29.762 Milliseconds
Standard Error 13.160
|
29.880 Milliseconds
Standard Error 10.399
|
|
Temporal Control x Contextual Control Performance (Reaction Time)
Interaction contrast of temporal control x contextual control subtask trials on RT vs baseline
|
14.614 Milliseconds
Standard Error 12.160
|
3.941 Milliseconds
Standard Error 15.180
|
-2.186 Milliseconds
Standard Error 12.800
|
|
Temporal Control x Contextual Control Performance (Reaction Time)
Interaction contrast of temporal control x contextual control return trials on RT vs baseline
|
49.703 Milliseconds
Standard Error 22.550
|
55.497 Milliseconds
Standard Error 24.400
|
61.853 Milliseconds
Standard Error 21.600
|
Adverse Events
FPl-TMS
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 1 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
MFG-TMS
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
S1-TMS
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
| Measure |
FPl-TMS
n=37 participants at risk
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the lateral frontal pole. Each visit consists of 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold to one target.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
MFG-TMS
n=37 participants at risk
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the middle frontal gyrus. Each visit consists of 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold to one target.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
S1-TMS
n=38 participants at risk
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to primary somatosensory cortex. Each visit consists of 600 pulses delivered in 50 Hz bursts every 5 Hz for 40 seconds at 80% of active motor threshold to one target.
transcranial magnetic stimulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the scalp targeting specific brain structures via stereotactic guidance.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Nervous system disorders
Mild vertigo
|
2.7%
1/37 • Number of events 1 • 1 month (this is the duration over which each participant was monitored for adverse events)
|
0.00%
0/37 • 1 month (this is the duration over which each participant was monitored for adverse events)
|
0.00%
0/38 • 1 month (this is the duration over which each participant was monitored for adverse events)
|
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place