Trial Outcomes & Findings for Balance Training With tDCS for CAI (NCT NCT04390048)

NCT ID: NCT04390048

Last Updated: 2025-03-06

Results Overview

Center of Pressure (COP) velocity (cm/s)

• Recruitment status: COMPLETED
• Study phase: NA
• Target enrollment: 24 participants
• Primary outcome timeframe: Baseline
• Results posted on: 2025-03-06

Participant Flow

A total of 24 participants signed informed consent and were enrolled in the study; however, 5 participants withdrew due to scheduling conflicts that occurred after participant enrollment, but prior to assignment of participants to an arm or group; therefore, the enrollment number in the protocol section will differ from the results section as 5 participants did not receive the intervention. The unit assignment are whole participants that have been assigned to the arms/groups.

Participant milestones

Measure	Anodal tDCS and Balance Training (BT) Group Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under anodal tDCS treatment. Anodal tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Anodal tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 milliamps (mA). Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.	Sham tDCS and BT Group Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under sham tDCS. Sham tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Sham tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 mA and will be turned off 30 seconds following the application. Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.
Overall Study STARTED	10	9
Overall Study COMPLETED	9	6
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	1	3

Reasons for withdrawal

Measure	Anodal tDCS and Balance Training (BT) Group Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under anodal tDCS treatment. Anodal tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Anodal tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 milliamps (mA). Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.	Sham tDCS and BT Group Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under sham tDCS. Sham tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Sham tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 mA and will be turned off 30 seconds following the application. Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.
Overall Study Withdrawal by Subject	1	3

Baseline Characteristics

Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Measure	Anodal tDCS and Balance Training (BT) Group n=9 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under anodal tDCS treatment. Anodal tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Anodal tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 milliamps (mA). Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.	Sham tDCS and BT Group n=6 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under sham tDCS. Sham tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Sham tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 mA and will be turned off 30 seconds following the application. Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.	Total n=15 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical <=18 years	2 Participants n=9 Participants	0 Participants n=6 Participants	2 Participants n=15 Participants
Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years	7 Participants n=9 Participants	6 Participants n=6 Participants	13 Participants n=15 Participants
Age, Categorical >=65 years	0 Participants n=9 Participants	0 Participants n=6 Participants	0 Participants n=15 Participants
Age, Continuous	23.1 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.2 • n=9 Participants	22.3 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.7 • n=6 Participants	22.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.4 • n=15 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	5 Participants n=9 Participants	4 Participants n=6 Participants	9 Participants n=15 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	4 Participants n=9 Participants	2 Participants n=6 Participants	6 Participants n=15 Participants
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected	—	—	0 Participants Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.
Region of Enrollment United States	9 participants n=9 Participants	6 participants n=6 Participants	15 participants n=15 Participants
Height	173.6 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.8 • n=9 Participants	170.6 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.7 • n=6 Participants	172.4 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.5 • n=15 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Center of Pressure (COP) velocity (cm/s)

Outcome measures

Measure	Anodal tDCS and Balance Training (BT) Group n=9 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under anodal tDCS treatment. Anodal tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Anodal tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 milliamps (mA). Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.	Sham tDCS and BT Group n=6 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under sham tDCS. Sham tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Sham tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 mA and will be turned off 30 seconds following the application. Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.
Static Postural Balance	57.0 CM/S Standard Deviation 3.6	55.9 CM/S Standard Deviation 3.7

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Week 4

Center of Pressure (COP) velocity (cm/s)

Outcome measures

Measure	Anodal tDCS and Balance Training (BT) Group n=9 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under anodal tDCS treatment. Anodal tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Anodal tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 milliamps (mA). Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.	Sham tDCS and BT Group n=6 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under sham tDCS. Sham tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Sham tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 mA and will be turned off 30 seconds following the application. Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.
Static Postural Balance	3.4 CM/S Standard Deviation 0.7	3.4 CM/S Standard Deviation 0.7

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

The active motor threshold (AMT) was measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) using a computation program, Parameter Estimation by Sequential Testing (PEST). AMT was defined as the minimum TMS intensity required to elicit an adequate motor-evoked potential (MEP) in the soleus muscle. A lower AMT reflects greater corticospinal excitability. The unit of measure is Percentage of Maximum Stimulus Output (MSO)

Outcome measures

Measure	Anodal tDCS and Balance Training (BT) Group n=8 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under anodal tDCS treatment. Anodal tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Anodal tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 milliamps (mA). Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.	Sham tDCS and BT Group n=5 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under sham tDCS. Sham tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Sham tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 mA and will be turned off 30 seconds following the application. Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.
Active Motor Threshold (AMT)	43.6 Percentage of MSO Standard Deviation 9.0	39.4 Percentage of MSO Standard Deviation 13.1

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 4 weeks

The active motor threshold (AMT) was measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) using a computation program, Parameter Estimation by Sequential Testing (PEST). AMT was defined as the minimum TMS intensity required to elicit an adequate motor-evoked potential (MEP) in the soleus muscle. A lower AMT reflects greater corticospinal excitability. The unit of measure is Percentage of Maximum Stimulus Output (MSO)

Outcome measures

Measure	Anodal tDCS and Balance Training (BT) Group n=8 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under anodal tDCS treatment. Anodal tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Anodal tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 milliamps (mA). Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.	Sham tDCS and BT Group n=5 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under sham tDCS. Sham tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Sham tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 mA and will be turned off 30 seconds following the application. Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.
Active Motor Threshold (AMT)	43.9 Percentage of MSO Standard Deviation 12.1	39.4 Percentage of MSO Standard Deviation 13.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

The percentage score of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). The total percentage score ranges from 0-100. The higher score indicates a better ankle function.

Outcome measures

Measure	Anodal tDCS and Balance Training (BT) Group n=9 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under anodal tDCS treatment. Anodal tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Anodal tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 milliamps (mA). Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.	Sham tDCS and BT Group n=6 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under sham tDCS. Sham tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Sham tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 mA and will be turned off 30 seconds following the application. Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.
Self-reported Functional Scores	82.8 Percentage of FAAM Standard Deviation 15.2	89.5 Percentage of FAAM Standard Deviation 13.8

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 4 weeks

The percentage score of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). The total percentage score ranges from 0-100. The higher score indicates a better ankle function.

Outcome measures

Measure	Anodal tDCS and Balance Training (BT) Group n=9 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under anodal tDCS treatment. Anodal tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Anodal tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 milliamps (mA). Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.	Sham tDCS and BT Group n=6 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under sham tDCS. Sham tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Sham tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 mA and will be turned off 30 seconds following the application. Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.
Self-reported Functional Scores	90.3 Percentage of FAAM Standard Deviation 15.4	98.4 Percentage of FAAM Standard Deviation 1.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

The maximal peak-to-peak amplitude ratios of the Hoffman reflex (H-reflex) and the motor response (M-wave) of the soleus muscle were calculated by normalizing the maximal H-reflex amplitude to the maximal M-wave amplitude (Hmax/Mmax ratio). A higher Hmax/Mmax indicates a greater spinal reflex excitability.

Outcome measures

Measure	Anodal tDCS and Balance Training (BT) Group n=8 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under anodal tDCS treatment. Anodal tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Anodal tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 milliamps (mA). Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.	Sham tDCS and BT Group n=5 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under sham tDCS. Sham tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Sham tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 mA and will be turned off 30 seconds following the application. Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.
Spinal Reflex Excitability	0.40 Ratio Standard Deviation 0.21	0.39 Ratio Standard Deviation 0.10

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 4 weeks

The maximal peak-to-peak amplitude ratios of the Hoffman reflex (H-reflex) and the motor response (M-wave) of the soleus muscle were calculated by normalizing the maximal H-reflex amplitude to the maximal M-wave amplitude (Hmax/Mmax ratio). A higher Hmax/Mmax indicates a greater spinal reflex excitability.

Outcome measures

Measure	Anodal tDCS and Balance Training (BT) Group n=8 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under anodal tDCS treatment. Anodal tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Anodal tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 milliamps (mA). Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.	Sham tDCS and BT Group n=5 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under sham tDCS. Sham tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Sham tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 mA and will be turned off 30 seconds following the application. Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.
Spinal Reflex Excitability	0.40 Ratio Standard Deviation 0.16	0.40 Ratio Standard Deviation 0.18

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

The soleus active muscle response, due to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulses over the motor cortex, will be used for quantifying the motor evoked potential.

Outcome measures

Measure	Anodal tDCS and Balance Training (BT) Group n=8 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under anodal tDCS treatment. Anodal tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Anodal tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 milliamps (mA). Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.	Sham tDCS and BT Group n=5 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under sham tDCS. Sham tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Sham tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 mA and will be turned off 30 seconds following the application. Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.
Corticospinal Excitability as Evaluated by the Peak-to-peak Amplitude of Motor Evoked Potential (MEP)	0.68 mV Standard Deviation 0.33	0.63 mV Standard Deviation 0.25

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 4 weeks

The soleus active muscle response, due to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulses over the motor cortex, will be used for quantifying the motor evoked potential.

Outcome measures

Measure	Anodal tDCS and Balance Training (BT) Group n=8 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under anodal tDCS treatment. Anodal tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Anodal tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 milliamps (mA). Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.	Sham tDCS and BT Group n=5 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under sham tDCS. Sham tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Sham tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 mA and will be turned off 30 seconds following the application. Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.
Corticospinal Excitability as Evaluated by the Peak-to-peak Amplitude of Motor Evoked Potential (MEP)	0.46 mV Standard Deviation 0.16	0.46 mV Standard Deviation 017

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

The anterior reach distance (cm) was measured by the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT).

Outcome measures

Measure	Anodal tDCS and Balance Training (BT) Group n=9 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under anodal tDCS treatment. Anodal tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Anodal tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 milliamps (mA). Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.	Sham tDCS and BT Group n=6 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under sham tDCS. Sham tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Sham tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 mA and will be turned off 30 seconds following the application. Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.
Dynamic Postural Control as Measured by the Reach Distance	57.0 cm Standard Deviation 3.6	55.9 cm Standard Deviation 3.7

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 4 weeks

The anterior reach distance (cm) was measured by the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT).

Outcome measures

Measure	Anodal tDCS and Balance Training (BT) Group n=9 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under anodal tDCS treatment. Anodal tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Anodal tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 milliamps (mA). Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.	Sham tDCS and BT Group n=6 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under sham tDCS. Sham tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Sham tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 mA and will be turned off 30 seconds following the application. Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.
Dynamic Postural Control as Measured by the Reach Distance	61.7 cm Standard Deviation 4.5	62.2 cm Standard Deviation 9.1

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

The completion time (seconds) for the lateral hop will be measured. Each trial consists of 10 lateral hops. The average completion time of 3 trials will be reported. The completion time will be recorded using a stopwatch in seconds.

Outcome measures

Measure	Anodal tDCS and Balance Training (BT) Group n=9 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under anodal tDCS treatment. Anodal tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Anodal tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 milliamps (mA). Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.	Sham tDCS and BT Group n=6 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under sham tDCS. Sham tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Sham tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 mA and will be turned off 30 seconds following the application. Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.
Dynamic Postural Balance as Measured by the Time to Complete the Lateral Hop	7.4 second Standard Deviation 2.9	7.2 second Standard Deviation 2.7

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 4 weeks

The completion time (seconds) for the lateral hop will be measured. Each trial consists of 10 lateral hops. The average completion time of 3 trials will be reported. The completion time will be recorded using a stopwatch in seconds.

Outcome measures

Measure	Anodal tDCS and Balance Training (BT) Group n=9 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under anodal tDCS treatment. Anodal tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Anodal tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 milliamps (mA). Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.	Sham tDCS and BT Group n=5 Participants Participants will undergo 4 weeks of BT under sham tDCS. Sham tDCS: An anodal surface electrode will be attached to the contralateral motor cortex (M1) of the CAI-involved side and the reference electrode will be placed on the ipsilateral side of the supraorbital ridge. Sham tDCS will deliver a low electrical current stimulation at 2 mA and will be turned off 30 seconds following the application. Participants will undergo 3 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions and each session will last approximately 20 minutes.
Dynamic Postural Balance as Measured by the Time to Complete the Lateral Hop	5.3 second Standard Deviation 1.3	6.7 second Standard Deviation 3.8

Adverse Events

Anodal tDCS and Balance Training (BT) Group

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Sham tDCS and BT Group

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Brian Arwari

University of Miami

Phone: 305-284-5418

Email: b.arwari@umiami.edu

Results disclosure agreements

• Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
• Publication restrictions are in place