Trial Outcomes & Findings for PVP-I Nasal Sprays and SARS-CoV-2 Nasopharyngeal Titers (for COVID-19) (NCT NCT04347954)

NCT ID: NCT04347954

Last Updated: 2021-10-21

Results Overview

Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing was performed to determine the viral load in the nasopharynx. Cycle threshold (Ct) denotes how many PCR cycles are required before the SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA reached a detectable level. Higher Ct values correspond to lower viral copy numbers. For reference, Ct values of 20 correspond to \~2.12 x 106 viral copies per milliliter, while a Ct value of 40 is undetectable and is considered the lower limit of detection of this RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

PHASE1/PHASE2

Target enrollment

47 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Day 1 (baseline), Day 1 (1 hour), Day 3

Results posted on

2021-10-21

Participant Flow

265 patients were assessed for eligibility; 47 patients were randomized into the study,

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Isotonic Saline 0.9%
Participants administer 2 sprays of isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl) to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 0.5%
Participants administer 2 sprays of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) 0.5% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 2%
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 2% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Overall Study
STARTED
15
15
17
Overall Study
Received Allocated Intervention
12
15
14
Overall Study
Negative PCR Swab at Baseline
1
3
1
Overall Study
COMPLETED
12
14
14
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
3
1
3

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Isotonic Saline 0.9%
Participants administer 2 sprays of isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl) to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 0.5%
Participants administer 2 sprays of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) 0.5% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 2%
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 2% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Overall Study
Did not present to study site for allocated intervention
3
0
3
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
0
1
0

Baseline Characteristics

PVP-I Nasal Sprays and SARS-CoV-2 Nasopharyngeal Titers (for COVID-19)

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Isotonic Saline 0.9%
n=11 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl) to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 0.5%
n=11 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 0.5% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 2%
n=13 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 2% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Total
n=35 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
44.2 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.6 • n=5 Participants
45.2 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.2 • n=7 Participants
40.7 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 19.9 • n=5 Participants
43.2 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 18.0 • n=4 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
5 Participants
n=7 Participants
5 Participants
n=5 Participants
18 Participants
n=4 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
6 Participants
n=7 Participants
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
17 Participants
n=4 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
White
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
7 Participants
n=7 Participants
10 Participants
n=5 Participants
25 Participants
n=4 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Hispanic
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
3 Participants
n=7 Participants
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
7 Participants
n=4 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Asian
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
3 Participants
n=4 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
11 Participants
n=5 Participants
11 Participants
n=7 Participants
13 Participants
n=5 Participants
35 Participants
n=4 Participants
Days since positive COVID test to enrollment
3.9 days
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.8 • n=5 Participants
3.7 days
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.5 • n=7 Participants
3.0 days
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.1 • n=5 Participants
3.5 days
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.9 • n=4 Participants
Days since symptoms to enrollment
4.8 days
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.2 • n=5 Participants
7.2 days
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.6 • n=7 Participants
7.1 days
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.2 • n=5 Participants
6.3 days
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.8 • n=4 Participants
Active tobacco use
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
Comorbidities
Sinusitis/allergy
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
3 Participants
n=4 Participants
Comorbidities
Respiratory disease/Asthma
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
2 Participants
n=4 Participants
Comorbidities
Cardiac disease
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
2 Participants
n=4 Participants
Comorbidities
Neurodegenerative disease
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
Prior Treatment
Saline nasal irrigations
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=4 Participants
Prior Treatment
Tylenol/NSAIDs
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=4 Participants
Prior Treatment
None
11 Participants
n=5 Participants
10 Participants
n=7 Participants
12 Participants
n=5 Participants
33 Participants
n=4 Participants
Noted change to taste or smell at enrollment
5 Participants
n=5 Participants
6 Participants
n=7 Participants
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
19 Participants
n=4 Participants
Risk factors for smell loss
History of head trauma
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
Risk factors for smell loss
History of sinus surgery
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
2 Participants
n=4 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 1 (baseline), Day 1 (1 hour), Day 3

Population: Participants who received the allocated intervention and completed the study; participants with negative PCR nasal swab results at baseline or incomplete data were excluded.

Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing was performed to determine the viral load in the nasopharynx. Cycle threshold (Ct) denotes how many PCR cycles are required before the SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA reached a detectable level. Higher Ct values correspond to lower viral copy numbers. For reference, Ct values of 20 correspond to \~2.12 x 106 viral copies per milliliter, while a Ct value of 40 is undetectable and is considered the lower limit of detection of this RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Isotonic Saline 0.9%
n=11 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl) to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 0.5%
n=11 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 0.5% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 2%
n=13 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 2% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Mean Cycle Threshold (Ct) Values Through Day 3 as a Measure of Change in Viral Titers of SARS-CoV-2
Baseline
24.36 cycles
Standard Deviation 6.83
26.03 cycles
Standard Deviation 4.86
28.42 cycles
Standard Deviation 6.42
Mean Cycle Threshold (Ct) Values Through Day 3 as a Measure of Change in Viral Titers of SARS-CoV-2
Day 3
29.20 cycles
Standard Deviation 6.82
36.26 cycles
Standard Deviation 21.56
31.01 cycles
Standard Deviation 7.12
Mean Cycle Threshold (Ct) Values Through Day 3 as a Measure of Change in Viral Titers of SARS-CoV-2
Hour 1
25.71 cycles
Standard Deviation 6.87
26.46 cycles
Standard Deviation 5.36
27.45 cycles
Standard Deviation 8.09

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Assessed on days 3 and 5

Population: Participants who received the allocated intervention and completed the study; participants with negative PCR nasal swab results at baseline or incomplete data were excluded.

Participants were asked on day 3 whether they experienced the adverse event since baseline, then asked on day 5 whether they experienced the adverse event since day 3 (collected by questionnaire). Adverse events of interest include: Nasal burning/pain, headaches, ear pain, sneezing, and nose bleeds.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Isotonic Saline 0.9%
n=11 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl) to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 0.5%
n=11 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 0.5% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 2%
n=13 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 2% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Count of Participants Experiencing Adverse Events of Interest After Nasal Sprays
Nasal burning or pain - Day 3
4 Participants
2 Participants
13 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Adverse Events of Interest After Nasal Sprays
Ear pain - Day 5
1 Participants
0 Participants
2 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Adverse Events of Interest After Nasal Sprays
Sneezing - Day 3
4 Participants
1 Participants
9 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Adverse Events of Interest After Nasal Sprays
Sneezing - Day 5
4 Participants
1 Participants
9 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Adverse Events of Interest After Nasal Sprays
Nose bleeds - Day 3
1 Participants
0 Participants
1 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Adverse Events of Interest After Nasal Sprays
Nose bleeds - Day 5
1 Participants
0 Participants
1 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Adverse Events of Interest After Nasal Sprays
Nasal burning or pain - Day 5
2 Participants
2 Participants
13 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Adverse Events of Interest After Nasal Sprays
Headaches - Day 3
3 Participants
3 Participants
5 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Adverse Events of Interest After Nasal Sprays
Headaches - Day 5
2 Participants
2 Participants
6 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Adverse Events of Interest After Nasal Sprays
Ear pain - Day 3
1 Participants
0 Participants
2 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Assessed on days 3 and 5

Population: Participants who received the allocated intervention and completed the study; participants with negative PCR nasal swab results at baseline or incomplete data were excluded.

Count of participants that experienced fevers at either mild, moderate, or severe intensity. Participants were asked on day 3 whether they experienced the symptom since baseline, then asked on day 5 whether they experienced the symptom since day 3. Participants rated the severity of their symptoms on a 4-point Likert scale with "1" representing 'not experiencing that symptom,' "2" representing mild symptoms, "3" representing 'moderate symptoms,' and "4" representing 'severe symptoms.'

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Isotonic Saline 0.9%
n=11 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl) to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 0.5%
n=11 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 0.5% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 2%
n=13 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 2% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Count of Participants Experiencing Fevers as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 3 - Mild
0 Participants
0 Participants
0 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Fevers as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 3 - Moderate
1 Participants
0 Participants
0 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Fevers as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 3 - Severe
0 Participants
0 Participants
0 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Fevers as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 5 - Mild
0 Participants
0 Participants
0 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Fevers as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 5 - Moderate
0 Participants
0 Participants
0 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Fevers as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 5 - Severe
1 Participants
0 Participants
0 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Assessed on days 3 and 5

Population: Participants who received the allocated intervention and completed the study; participants with negative PCR nasal swab results at baseline or incomplete data were excluded.

Count of participants that experienced chills at either mild, moderate, or severe intensity. Participants were asked on day 3 whether they experienced the symptom since baseline, then asked on day 5 whether they experienced the symptom since day 3. Participants rated the severity of their symptoms on a 4-point Likert scale with "1" representing 'not experiencing that symptom,' "2" representing mild symptoms, "3" representing 'moderate symptoms,' and "4" representing 'severe symptoms.'

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Isotonic Saline 0.9%
n=11 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl) to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 0.5%
n=11 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 0.5% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 2%
n=13 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 2% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Count of Participants Experiencing Chills as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 3 - Severe
0 Participants
0 Participants
0 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Chills as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 5 - Mild
2 Participants
0 Participants
0 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Chills as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 5 - Moderate
1 Participants
0 Participants
0 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Chills as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 3 - Mild
1 Participants
0 Participants
1 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Chills as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 3 - Moderate
2 Participants
0 Participants
0 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Chills as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 5 - Severe
1 Participants
0 Participants
0 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Assessed on days 3 and 5

Population: Participants who received the allocated intervention and completed the study; participants with negative PCR nasal swab results at baseline or incomplete data were excluded.

Count of participants that experienced fatigue at either mild, moderate, or severe intensity. Participants were asked on day 3 whether they experienced the symptom since baseline, then asked on day 5 whether they experienced the symptom since day 3. Participants rated the severity of their symptoms on a 4-point Likert scale with "1" representing 'not experiencing that symptom,' "2" representing mild symptoms, "3" representing 'moderate symptoms,' and "4" representing 'severe symptoms.'

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Isotonic Saline 0.9%
n=11 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl) to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 0.5%
n=11 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 0.5% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 2%
n=13 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 2% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Count of Participants Experiencing Fatigue as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 5 - Mild
3 Participants
3 Participants
2 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Fatigue as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 3 - Mild
4 Participants
5 Participants
6 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Fatigue as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 3 - Severe
1 Participants
0 Participants
0 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Fatigue as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 5 - Moderate
2 Participants
3 Participants
0 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Fatigue as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 5 - Severe
0 Participants
0 Participants
0 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Fatigue as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 3 - Moderate
1 Participants
2 Participants
0 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Assessed on days 3 and 5

Population: Participants who received the allocated intervention and completed the study; participants with negative PCR nasal swab results at baseline or incomplete data were excluded.

Count of participants that experienced loss of sense of smell at either mild, moderate, or severe intensity. Participants were asked on day 3 whether they experienced the symptom since baseline, then asked on day 5 whether they experienced the symptom since day 3. Participants rated the severity of their symptoms on a 4-point Likert scale with "1" representing 'not experiencing that symptom,' "2" representing mild symptoms, "3" representing 'moderate symptoms,' and "4" representing 'severe symptoms.'

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Isotonic Saline 0.9%
n=11 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl) to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 0.5%
n=11 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 0.5% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 2%
n=13 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 2% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Count of Participants Experiencing Loss of Sense of Smell as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 3 - Mild
2 Participants
3 Participants
2 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Loss of Sense of Smell as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 3 - Moderate
0 Participants
2 Participants
1 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Loss of Sense of Smell as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 3 - Severe
2 Participants
1 Participants
4 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Loss of Sense of Smell as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 5 - Mild
2 Participants
2 Participants
3 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Loss of Sense of Smell as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 5 - Moderate
1 Participants
2 Participants
2 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Loss of Sense of Smell as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 5 - Severe
1 Participants
1 Participants
1 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Assessed on days 3 and 5

Population: Participants who received the allocated intervention and completed the study; participants with negative PCR nasal swab results at baseline or incomplete data were excluded.

Count of participants that experienced loss of sense of taste at either mild, moderate, or severe intensity. Participants were asked on day 3 whether they experienced the symptom since baseline, then asked on day 5 whether they experienced the symptom since day 3. Participants rated the severity of their symptoms on a 4-point Likert scale with "1" representing 'not experiencing that symptom,' "2" representing mild symptoms, "3" representing 'moderate symptoms,' and "4" representing 'severe symptoms.'

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Isotonic Saline 0.9%
n=11 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl) to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 0.5%
n=11 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 0.5% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 2%
n=13 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 2% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Count of Participants Experiencing Loss of Sense of Taste as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 3 - Mild
3 Participants
4 Participants
3 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Loss of Sense of Taste as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 3 - Moderate
0 Participants
1 Participants
0 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Loss of Sense of Taste as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 3 - Severe
1 Participants
1 Participants
3 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Loss of Sense of Taste as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 5 - Mild
0 Participants
1 Participants
2 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Loss of Sense of Taste as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 5 - Moderate
1 Participants
2 Participants
1 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Loss of Sense of Taste as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 5 - Severe
0 Participants
1 Participants
2 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Assessed on days 3 and 5

Population: Participants who received the allocated intervention and completed the study; participants with negative PCR nasal swab results at baseline or incomplete data were excluded.

Count of participants that experienced nasal congestion at either mild, moderate, or severe intensity. Participants were asked on day 3 whether they experienced the symptom since baseline, then asked on day 5 whether they experienced the symptom since day 3. Participants rated the severity of their symptoms on a 4-point Likert scale with "1" representing 'not experiencing that symptom,' "2" representing mild symptoms, "3" representing 'moderate symptoms,' and "4" representing 'severe symptoms.'

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Isotonic Saline 0.9%
n=11 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl) to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 0.5%
n=11 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 0.5% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 2%
n=13 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 2% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Count of Participants Experiencing Nasal Congestion as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 3 - Mild
5 Participants
5 Participants
7 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Nasal Congestion as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 3 - Moderate
3 Participants
2 Participants
4 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Nasal Congestion as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 3 - Severe
0 Participants
0 Participants
0 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Nasal Congestion as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 5 - Mild
5 Participants
4 Participants
6 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Nasal Congestion as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 5 - Moderate
2 Participants
1 Participants
0 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Nasal Congestion as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 5 - Severe
0 Participants
0 Participants
0 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Assessed on days 3 and 5

Population: Participants who received the allocated intervention and completed the study; participants with negative PCR nasal swab results at baseline or incomplete data were excluded.

Count of participants that experienced sore throat at either mild, moderate, or severe intensity. Participants were asked on day 3 whether they experienced the symptom since baseline, then asked on day 5 whether they experienced the symptom since day 3. Participants rated the severity of their symptoms on a 4-point Likert scale with "1" representing 'not experiencing that symptom,' "2" representing mild symptoms, "3" representing 'moderate symptoms,' and "4" representing 'severe symptoms.'

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Isotonic Saline 0.9%
n=11 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl) to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 0.5%
n=11 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 0.5% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 2%
n=13 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 2% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Count of Participants Experiencing Sore Throat as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 3 - Mild
4 Participants
0 Participants
4 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Sore Throat as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 3 - Moderate
0 Participants
0 Participants
0 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Sore Throat as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 3 - Severe
0 Participants
0 Participants
0 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Sore Throat as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 5 - Mild
1 Participants
0 Participants
2 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Sore Throat as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 5 - Moderate
0 Participants
0 Participants
0 Participants
Count of Participants Experiencing Sore Throat as a Measure of Frequency of Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2
Day 5 - Severe
0 Participants
0 Participants
0 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 5 days

Population: Participants who received the allocated intervention and completed the study; participants with negative PCR nasal swab results at baseline or incomplete data were excluded.

Participants were asked to estimated doses completed at day 5 (0-25%, 26-50%, 51-75%, or 76-100%). The count of participants who estimated their compliance to be within each range is reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Isotonic Saline 0.9%
n=11 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl) to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 0.5%
n=11 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 0.5% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 2%
n=13 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 2% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Compliance With Study Drug Administration
76-100% compliant
11 Participants
11 Participants
13 Participants
Compliance With Study Drug Administration
51-75% compliant
0 Participants
0 Participants
0 Participants
Compliance With Study Drug Administration
26-50% compliant
0 Participants
0 Participants
0 Participants
Compliance With Study Drug Administration
0-25% compliant
0 Participants
0 Participants
0 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 1 (baseline), Day 30

Population: Participants who received the allocated intervention and completed the study and with data available for the respective time point; participants with negative PCR nasal swab results at baseline or incomplete data were excluded.

Participants scratch test cards and attempt to identify the smell from a multiple choice set of options. Their scores are then computed and categorized as normosmia (normal), mild, moderate, or severe microsmia (loss of smell), or anosmia (total loss of smell).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Isotonic Saline 0.9%
n=11 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl) to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 0.5%
n=11 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 0.5% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 2%
n=13 Participants
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 2% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Count of Participants Normosmia, Microsmia, or Anosmia as a Measure of Change in the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT)
Mild microsmia - baseline
2 Participants
0 Participants
3 Participants
Count of Participants Normosmia, Microsmia, or Anosmia as a Measure of Change in the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT)
Anosmia - Baseline
2 Participants
4 Participants
5 Participants
Count of Participants Normosmia, Microsmia, or Anosmia as a Measure of Change in the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT)
Anosmia - day 30
0 Participants
0 Participants
0 Participants
Count of Participants Normosmia, Microsmia, or Anosmia as a Measure of Change in the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT)
Severe microsmia - baseline
3 Participants
1 Participants
1 Participants
Count of Participants Normosmia, Microsmia, or Anosmia as a Measure of Change in the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT)
Severe microsmia - day 30
2 Participants
1 Participants
1 Participants
Count of Participants Normosmia, Microsmia, or Anosmia as a Measure of Change in the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT)
Moderate microsmia - baseline
2 Participants
2 Participants
2 Participants
Count of Participants Normosmia, Microsmia, or Anosmia as a Measure of Change in the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT)
Moderate microsmia - day 30
0 Participants
0 Participants
1 Participants
Count of Participants Normosmia, Microsmia, or Anosmia as a Measure of Change in the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT)
Mild microsmia - day 30
5 Participants
2 Participants
3 Participants
Count of Participants Normosmia, Microsmia, or Anosmia as a Measure of Change in the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT)
Normosmia - baseline
2 Participants
3 Participants
1 Participants
Count of Participants Normosmia, Microsmia, or Anosmia as a Measure of Change in the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT)
Normosmia - day 30
3 Participants
8 Participants
7 Participants

Adverse Events

Isotonic Saline 0.9%

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 6 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Povidone-Iodine 0.5%

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 6 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Povidone-Iodine 2%

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 13 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Isotonic Saline 0.9%
n=15 participants at risk
Participants administer 2 sprays of isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl) to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 0.5%
n=15 participants at risk
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 0.5% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Povidone-Iodine 2%
n=17 participants at risk
Participants administer 2 sprays of PVP-I 2% to each nare via nasal spray bottle, four times a day for 5 days.
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Nasal burning
6.7%
1/15 • 30 days
26.7%
4/15 • 30 days
76.5%
13/17 • 30 days
Nervous system disorders
Headaches
26.7%
4/15 • 30 days
20.0%
3/15 • 30 days
41.2%
7/17 • 30 days
Ear and labyrinth disorders
Ear pain
0.00%
0/15 • 30 days
6.7%
1/15 • 30 days
17.6%
3/17 • 30 days
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Sneezing
6.7%
1/15 • 30 days
33.3%
5/15 • 30 days
64.7%
11/17 • 30 days
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Nosebleeds
0.00%
0/15 • 30 days
6.7%
1/15 • 30 days
11.8%
2/17 • 30 days

Additional Information

Jayakar Nayak, MD, PhD

Stanford University

Phone: (650) 723-5281

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place