Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
PHASE2
10 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2020-04-07
2020-09-10
Brief Summary
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We hypothesis that chloroquine slows viral replication in patients with COVID-19, attenuating the infection, and resulting in more rapid declines in viral load in throat swabs. This viral attenuation should be associated with improved patient outcomes. Given the enormous experience of its use in malaria chemoprophylaxis, excellent safety and tolerability profile, and its very low cost, if proved effective then chloroquine would be a readily deployable and affordable treatment for patients with COVID-19.
The study is funded and leaded by The Ministry of Health, Vietnam.
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Detailed Description
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Once the pilot study has been completed, and the data reviewed by the TSC and DMC, and the MOH ethics committee, we will then proceed to the trial. We will aim for minimum delay between completing the pilot study and starting the randomized trial.
The main study is an open label, randomised, controlled trial that will be conducted in 240 in-patients in Ho Chi Minh City. Viet Nam.
Patients will have daily assessment as per standard of care while in-patients by the hospital staff. While in-patients the study will collect the following data: peripheral oxygen saturation (pulse oximeter), respiratory rate, and FiO2. These will be recorded between 2 and 4 times per day depending on the practice of the treating site. Where recording is twice daily, one record will be made from the time period of 00:00 until 12:00, and the second recording between 12:01 and 23:59. Where the parameters are recorded four times/day they will be recorded in each of the time periods 00:00 - 06:00, 06:01 - 12:00, 12:01 - 18:00 and 18:01 - 23:59. Vitals recorded will include: FiO2, SpO2, Temp, RR HR BP. The use of ventilator or other assisted breathing device will be recorded each day.
Patients will have clinical assessment recorded as per the study schedule.
The decision to discharge patients will be at the discretion of the attending physician and depend upon the clinical status of the patient. According to current standard of care recovery and hospital discharge is dependent upon the patient having had 2 daily consecutive negative PCR throat/nose swabs. Following discharge patients will be seen on days 14, 28, 42 and 56 post-randomization.
In a subset of patients admitted to HTD we will look for ECG changes, using real-time monitoring.
Patients will have up to 1 hour ECG continuous recordings daily. The ECG recording will be downloaded from standard monitor (GE Careview) and stored electronically. ECG changes (including QT interval) will then be analyzed by machine learning.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
NONE
Study Groups
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Control arm
Patients randomized to the control arm will receive a standard of care therapy (a supportive care/treatment according to VN MoH's guideline).
No interventions assigned to this group
Intervention arm
In addition to standard of care therapy, patients randomized to the intervention arm receive chloroquine phosphate as below.
For adult ≥ 53kg: 1000mg (4 tablets) at initial dose (T=0), followed by 500mg (2 tablets) at 6 hours later (T=6), and 500mg (2 tablets) once daily for 9 days.
For adult from 45 - 52kg: 875mg (3.5 tablets) at T=0, followed by 500mg (2 tablets) at T=6 and 500mg (2 tablets) once daily thereafter.
For adult weighted 38 -\<45 kg: 750mg (3 tablets) at T=0, followed by 375mg (1.5 tablets) at T = 6 and 375mg (1.5 tablets) once daily thereafter.
For adult weighted \<38 kg: 625mg (2.5 tablets) at T=0, followed by 375mg (1.5 tablets) at T=6 and 375mg (1.5 tablets) once daily thereafter.
The total duration of treatment with chloroquine will be 10 days.
Chloroquine phosphate
Each chloroquine tablet contains 250mg chloroquine phosphate (or 150mg chloroquine base). Chloroquine treatment for patient is weight-based dosing.
Chloroquine will be administered orally, as tablets. For unconscious patients chloroquine can be crushed and administered as a suspension via a nasogastric tube.
The total duration of treatment with Chloroquine will be 10 days
Interventions
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Chloroquine phosphate
Each chloroquine tablet contains 250mg chloroquine phosphate (or 150mg chloroquine base). Chloroquine treatment for patient is weight-based dosing.
Chloroquine will be administered orally, as tablets. For unconscious patients chloroquine can be crushed and administered as a suspension via a nasogastric tube.
The total duration of treatment with Chloroquine will be 10 days
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
2. Provides written informed consent prior to initiation of any study procedures (or legally authorized representative).
3. Understands and agrees to comply with planned study procedures.
4. Agrees to the collection of OP swabs and venous blood per protocol.
5. Male or female adult ≥18 years of age at time of enrollment.
18 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Ministry of Health, Vietnam
OTHER_GOV
Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
OTHER
Cu Chi COVID Hospital, Vietnam
UNKNOWN
Can Gio COVID Hospital, Vietnam
UNKNOWN
Cho Ray Hospital
OTHER
National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam
OTHER_GOV
Department of Health, Ho Chi Minh city
UNKNOWN
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Vietnam
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Guy Thwaites, PhD. MD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of Oxford, UK
Locations
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National Hospital for Tropical Diseases
Hanoi, , Vietnam
Can Gio COVID Hospital
Ho Chi Minh City, , Vietnam
Cho Ray Hospital
Ho Chi Minh City, , Vietnam
Cu Chi COVID Hospital
Ho Chi Minh City, , Vietnam
Hospital for Tropical Diseases
Ho Chi Minh City, , Vietnam
Countries
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References
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Biggerstaff M, Cauchemez S, Reed C, Gambhir M, Finelli L. Estimates of the reproduction number for seasonal, pandemic, and zoonotic influenza: a systematic review of the literature. BMC Infect Dis. 2014 Sep 4;14:480. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-480.
Chan JF, Kok KH, Zhu Z, Chu H, To KK, Yuan S, Yuen KY. Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020 Jan 28;9(1):221-236. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1719902. eCollection 2020.
de Wit E, Feldmann F, Cronin J, Jordan R, Okumura A, Thomas T, Scott D, Cihlar T, Feldmann H. Prophylactic and therapeutic remdesivir (GS-5734) treatment in the rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Mar 24;117(12):6771-6776. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1922083117. Epub 2020 Feb 13.
Gao J, Tian Z, Yang X. Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies. Biosci Trends. 2020 Mar 16;14(1):72-73. doi: 10.5582/bst.2020.01047. Epub 2020 Feb 19.
Gordon CJ, Tchesnokov EP, Feng JY, Porter DP, Gotte M. The antiviral compound remdesivir potently inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. J Biol Chem. 2020 Apr 10;295(15):4773-4779. doi: 10.1074/jbc.AC120.013056. Epub 2020 Feb 24.
Jorge A, Ung C, Young LH, Melles RB, Choi HK. Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy - implications of research advances for rheumatology care. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2018 Dec;14(12):693-703. doi: 10.1038/s41584-018-0111-8.
Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, Ren R, Leung KSM, Lau EHY, Wong JY, Xing X, Xiang N, Wu Y, Li C, Chen Q, Li D, Liu T, Zhao J, Liu M, Tu W, Chen C, Jin L, Yang R, Wang Q, Zhou S, Wang R, Liu H, Luo Y, Liu Y, Shao G, Li H, Tao Z, Yang Y, Deng Z, Liu B, Ma Z, Zhang Y, Shi G, Lam TTY, Wu JT, Gao GF, Cowling BJ, Yang B, Leung GM, Feng Z. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2020 Mar 26;382(13):1199-1207. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001316. Epub 2020 Jan 29.
Liu M, He P, Liu HG, Wang XJ, Li FJ, Chen S, Lin J, Chen P, Liu JH, Li CH. [Clinical characteristics of 30 medical workers infected with new coronavirus pneumonia]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2020 Mar 12;43(3):209-214. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2020.03.014. Chinese.
McChesney EW, Banks WF Jr, Fabian RJ. Tissue distribution of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and desethylchloroquine in the rat. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1967 May;10(3):501-13. doi: 10.1016/0041-008x(67)90089-0. No abstract available.
multicenter collaboration group of Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province and Health Commission of Guangdong Province for chloroquine in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia. [Expert consensus on chloroquine phosphate for the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2020 Mar 12;43(3):185-188. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2020.03.009. Chinese.
Shaw K. The 2003 SARS outbreak and its impact on infection control practices. Public Health. 2006 Jan;120(1):8-14. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2005.10.002. Epub 2005 Nov 16.
Villegas L, McGready R, Htway M, Paw MK, Pimanpanarak M, Arunjerdja R, Viladpai-Nguen SJ, Greenwood B, White NJ, Nosten F. Chloroquine prophylaxis against vivax malaria in pregnancy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Trop Med Int Health. 2007 Feb;12(2):209-18. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01778.x.
Vincent MJ, Bergeron E, Benjannet S, Erickson BR, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, Seidah NG, Nichol ST. Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread. Virol J. 2005 Aug 22;2:69. doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-2-69.
Wang M, Cao R, Zhang L, Yang X, Liu J, Xu M, Shi Z, Hu Z, Zhong W, Xiao G. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Res. 2020 Mar;30(3):269-271. doi: 10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0. Epub 2020 Feb 4. No abstract available.
White NJ, Miller KD, Churchill FC, Berry C, Brown J, Williams SB, Greenwood BM. Chloroquine treatment of severe malaria in children. Pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and new dosage recommendations. N Engl J Med. 1988 Dec 8;319(23):1493-500. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198812083192301.
Zaki AM, van Boheemen S, Bestebroer TM, Osterhaus AD, Fouchier RA. Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia. N Engl J Med. 2012 Nov 8;367(19):1814-20. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1211721. Epub 2012 Oct 17.
Zhao S, Lin Q, Ran J, Musa SS, Yang G, Wang W, Lou Y, Gao D, Yang L, He D, Wang MH. Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak. Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Mar;92:214-217. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.050. Epub 2020 Jan 30.
Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, Zhao X, Huang B, Shi W, Lu R, Niu P, Zhan F, Ma X, Wang D, Xu W, Wu G, Gao GF, Tan W; China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Research Team. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020 Feb 20;382(8):727-733. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001017. Epub 2020 Jan 24.
Kestelyn E, Dung NTP, Lam Minh Y, Hung LM, Quan NM, Dung NT, Minh NNQ, Xuan TC, Phong NT, Ninh Thi Thanh V, Donovan J, Tu TNH, Nhat LTH, Truong NT, Man DNH, Thao HP, Ngoc NM, Lam VT, Phat HH, Phuong PM, Geskus RB, Ha VTN, Quang NN, Tran Tinh H, Tan LV, Thwaites GE, Day JN, Chau NVV; OUCRU COVID-19 Research Group. A multi centre randomized open label trial of chloroquine for the treatment of adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vietnam. Wellcome Open Res. 2020 Jun 12;5:141. doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15936.1. eCollection 2020.
Related Links
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World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines
COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic updates
Other Identifiers
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COVID
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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