Trial Outcomes & Findings for Does Social Buffering Continue to be Effective Over the Peripubertal Period When Friends Share the Stressor Experience? (NCT NCT04311996)
NCT ID: NCT04311996
Last Updated: 2025-02-24
Results Overview
Cortisol response to the TSST, measured as Area Under the Curve, increase from baseline. 7 Samples were taken during the course of the assessment, at (1) arrival for training purposes; (2) after the calming video, 30 minutes after arrival; (3) after 5 minutes of speech preparation; (4) after 10+minutes of speech and math performance; (5) 15 minutes after sample 4; (6) 10 minutes after sample 5; (7) 10 minutes after sample 6. Area under the curve at intercept (AUCi) is calculated using samples 2-7 with sample 2 as the intercept.
COMPLETED
NA
269 participants
2 hours
2025-02-24
Participant Flow
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Experimental: Friend and Target Both
Friend Also social buffer: Target experiences TSST stressor with a friend who also experiences the stressor
|
Experimental: Friend Provides Support
Friend Support social buffer: Target experiences TSST stressor with a friend who does NOT experience the stressor
|
Experimental: Unfamiliar Peer and Target
Unfamiliar Peer social buffer: Target experiences TSST stressor with an unfamiliar peer who also experiences the stressor
|
Experimental: Alone
no social buffer: random assignment to Alone Condition, where Target experiences the TSST alone
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
63
|
72
|
65
|
69
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
61
|
65
|
62
|
68
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
2
|
7
|
3
|
1
|
Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
Does Social Buffering Continue to be Effective Over the Peripubertal Period When Friends Share the Stressor Experience?
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Experimental: Friend and Target Both
n=61 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
|
Experimental: Friend Provides Support
n=65 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
|
Experimental: Unfamiliar Peer and Target
n=62 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
|
Experimental: Alone
n=68 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
|
Total
n=256 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
|
61 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
65 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
62 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
68 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
256 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Age, Continuous
|
12.98 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.05 • n=5 Participants
|
12.98 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.05 • n=7 Participants
|
12.94 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.91 • n=5 Participants
|
13.15 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.11 • n=4 Participants
|
13.02 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.03 • n=21 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
31 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
33 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
31 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
32 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
127 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
30 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
32 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
31 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
36 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
129 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
|
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
13 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
|
47 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
54 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
55 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
57 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
213 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
|
10 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
24 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 2 hoursPopulation: 256 participants were completed, with 61 Friend and Target Both, 65 Friend Support, 62 Unfamiliar Peer, and 68 Alone. For each outcomes, all available analyzable data were included in results, sometimes resulting in lower n.
Cortisol response to the TSST, measured as Area Under the Curve, increase from baseline. 7 Samples were taken during the course of the assessment, at (1) arrival for training purposes; (2) after the calming video, 30 minutes after arrival; (3) after 5 minutes of speech preparation; (4) after 10+minutes of speech and math performance; (5) 15 minutes after sample 4; (6) 10 minutes after sample 5; (7) 10 minutes after sample 6. Area under the curve at intercept (AUCi) is calculated using samples 2-7 with sample 2 as the intercept.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Experimental: Friend and Target Both
n=61 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend and target: random assignment to Friend and Target Both condition
|
Experimental: Friend Provides Support
n=63 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend support: random assignment to Friend Provides Support condition
|
Experimental: Unfamiliar Peer and Target
n=61 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
unfamiliar peer and target: random assignment to Unfamiliar Peer and Target condition
|
Experimental: Alone
n=66 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
alone: random assignment to Alone condition
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Cortisol AUCi
|
0.0043 (ug/dl)*minutes
Standard Deviation 0.06
|
0.0256 (ug/dl)*minutes
Standard Deviation 0.06
|
0.0177 (ug/dl)*minutes
Standard Deviation 0.05
|
0.022 (ug/dl)*minutes
Standard Deviation 0.06
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 2 hoursPopulation: 256 participants were completed, with 61 Friend and Target Both, 65 Friend Support, 62 Unfamiliar Peer, and 68 Alone. For each outcomes, all available analyzable data were included in results, sometimes resulting in lower n.
Salivary Alpha Amylase response to the TSST, measured as Area Under the Curve, increase from baseline. 7 Samples were taken during the course of the assessment, at (1) arrival for training purposes; (2) after the calming video, 30 minutes after arrival; (3) after 5 minutes of speech preparation; (4) after 10+minutes of speech and math performance; (5) 15 minutes after sample 4; (6) 10 minutes after sample 5; (7) 10 minutes after sample 6. Of those, samples (2, 4, 5) are assayed for salivary alpha amylase (sAA) in micrograms per milliliter. Area under the curve at intercept (AUCi) is calculated using samples 2, 4, 5 with sample 2 as the intercept.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Experimental: Friend and Target Both
n=53 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend and target: random assignment to Friend and Target Both condition
|
Experimental: Friend Provides Support
n=56 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend support: random assignment to Friend Provides Support condition
|
Experimental: Unfamiliar Peer and Target
n=55 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
unfamiliar peer and target: random assignment to Unfamiliar Peer and Target condition
|
Experimental: Alone
n=65 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
alone: random assignment to Alone condition
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
sAA AUCi
|
0.0364 (ug/mL)*minute
Standard Deviation 0.12
|
0.0434 (ug/mL)*minute
Standard Deviation 0.09
|
0.0021 (ug/mL)*minute
Standard Deviation 0.14
|
0.0255 (ug/mL)*minute
Standard Deviation 0.08
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 2 hoursPopulation: 256 participants were completed, with 61 Friend and Target Both, 65 Friend Support, 62 Unfamiliar Peer, and 68 Alone. For each outcomes, all available analyzable data were included in results, sometimes resulting in lower n.
Self-report of stress using a Likert-type scale with 5 levels of stress felt: (1) Not At All, (2) A Little, (3) Some, (4) A Lot, (5) A Whole Lot. Level of stress was reported for at these points during the assessment: (1) How stressed did you feel when you first connected on the video call and saw the experimenter?, (2) How stressful was the period of time before we started the video?, (3) How stressful did you feel while watching the video?, (4) How stressful was the period of time when you were preparing your speech and thinking about what to say?, (5) How stressful was giving the speech?, (6) How stressful was the math portion?, (7) How stressed do you feel now, after the speech and math portions are done? Self reported stress was computed as the mean of items (4, 5, 6) - item 1.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Experimental: Friend and Target Both
n=61 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend and target: random assignment to Friend and Target Both condition
|
Experimental: Friend Provides Support
n=64 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend support: random assignment to Friend Provides Support condition
|
Experimental: Unfamiliar Peer and Target
n=62 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
unfamiliar peer and target: random assignment to Unfamiliar Peer and Target condition
|
Experimental: Alone
n=67 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
alone: random assignment to Alone condition
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Self Report of Stress
|
1.65 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.86
|
1.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.02
|
1.65 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.99
|
1.79 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.97
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: day of testing sessionPopulation: 256 participants were completed, with 61 Friend and Target Both, 65 Friend Support, 62 Unfamiliar Peer, and 68 Alone. For each outcomes, all available analyzable data were included in results, sometimes resulting in lower n.
Participants report the number of hours between waking up on the day of assessment and the start of the TSST test. This is only a potential covariate for cortisol, which follows a circadian rhythm.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Experimental: Friend and Target Both
n=61 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend and target: random assignment to Friend and Target Both condition
|
Experimental: Friend Provides Support
n=64 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend support: random assignment to Friend Provides Support condition
|
Experimental: Unfamiliar Peer and Target
n=62 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
unfamiliar peer and target: random assignment to Unfamiliar Peer and Target condition
|
Experimental: Alone
n=68 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
alone: random assignment to Alone condition
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Hours Since Awakening. Potential Covariate
|
8.45 hours
Standard Deviation 2.03
|
7.8 hours
Standard Deviation 2.04
|
8.26 hours
Standard Deviation 2.06
|
8.59 hours
Standard Deviation 1.87
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: calendar year previous to TSST sessionPopulation: 256 participants were completed, with 61 Friend and Target Both, 65 Friend Support, 62 Unfamiliar Peer, and 68 Alone. For each outcomes, all available analyzable data were included in results, sometimes resulting in lower n.
Parents report on gross family income on an 11-point ordinal scale: (1) Less than $15,000, (2) $15,001 to $25,000, (3) $25,001 to $35,000, (4) $35,001 to $50,000, (5) $50,001 to $75,000, (6) $75,001 to $100,000, (7) $100,001 to $125,000, (8) $125,001 to $150,000, (9) $150,001 to $175,000, (10) $175,001 to 200,000, (11) $200,001 or more
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Experimental: Friend and Target Both
n=60 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend and target: random assignment to Friend and Target Both condition
|
Experimental: Friend Provides Support
n=64 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend support: random assignment to Friend Provides Support condition
|
Experimental: Unfamiliar Peer and Target
n=58 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
unfamiliar peer and target: random assignment to Unfamiliar Peer and Target condition
|
Experimental: Alone
n=67 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
alone: random assignment to Alone condition
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Pretax Family Income. Potential Covariate
|
9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.37
|
9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.98
|
8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.04
|
9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.18
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: lifetimePopulation: 256 participants were completed, with 61 Friend and Target Both, 65 Friend Support, 62 Unfamiliar Peer, and 68 Alone. For each outcomes, all available analyzable data were included in results, sometimes resulting in lower n.
Parents report education level for both parents on a 6-point ordinal scale: (1) Less than high school degree, (2) High school or GED, (3) Associate degree, college academia program, (4) Bachelor's degree, (5) Master's degree, (6) Professional and/or Doctorate degree. Average of parents' education is calculated and reported.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Experimental: Friend and Target Both
n=61 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend and target: random assignment to Friend and Target Both condition
|
Experimental: Friend Provides Support
n=65 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend support: random assignment to Friend Provides Support condition
|
Experimental: Unfamiliar Peer and Target
n=62 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
unfamiliar peer and target: random assignment to Unfamiliar Peer and Target condition
|
Experimental: Alone
n=68 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
alone: random assignment to Alone condition
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Parental Average Education Level. Potential Covariate
|
4.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.78
|
4.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.87
|
4.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.78
|
4.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.72
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: day of TSST sessionPopulation: 256 participants were completed, with 61 Friend and Target Both, 65 Friend Support, 62 Unfamiliar Peer, and 68 Alone. For each outcomes, all available analyzable data were included in results, sometimes resulting in lower n.
Parents report on how many adults are living in the home.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Experimental: Friend and Target Both
n=61 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend and target: random assignment to Friend and Target Both condition
|
Experimental: Friend Provides Support
n=65 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend support: random assignment to Friend Provides Support condition
|
Experimental: Unfamiliar Peer and Target
n=62 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
unfamiliar peer and target: random assignment to Unfamiliar Peer and Target condition
|
Experimental: Alone
n=68 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
alone: random assignment to Alone condition
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Number of Adults in the Home. Potential Covariate
|
1.97 persons
Standard Deviation 0.36
|
1.97 persons
Standard Deviation 0.47
|
1.95 persons
Standard Deviation 0.34
|
2 persons
Standard Deviation 0.42
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: 1-2 hours prior to TSST sessionPopulation: 256 participants were completed, with 61 Friend and Target Both, 65 Friend Support, 62 Unfamiliar Peer, and 68 Alone. For each outcomes, all available analyzable data were included in results, sometimes resulting in lower n.
Youth report on whether they consumed caffeine or nicotine in the 1-2 hours prior to the TSST assessment. Coded as no=0, yes=1. Used as a potential covariate for heart rate and neuroendocrine measures.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Experimental: Friend and Target Both
n=61 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend and target: random assignment to Friend and Target Both condition
|
Experimental: Friend Provides Support
n=64 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend support: random assignment to Friend Provides Support condition
|
Experimental: Unfamiliar Peer and Target
n=62 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
unfamiliar peer and target: random assignment to Unfamiliar Peer and Target condition
|
Experimental: Alone
n=66 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
alone: random assignment to Alone condition
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Caffeine or Nicotine Use. Potential Covariate
|
0.05 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.22
|
0.02 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.13
|
0.06 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.25
|
0.05 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.21
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: day of 2 hour TSST sessionPopulation: 256 participants were completed, with 61 Friend and Target Both, 65 Friend Support, 62 Unfamiliar Peer, and 68 Alone. For each outcomes, all available analyzable data were included in results, sometimes resulting in lower n.
The Granger score (ordinal, modeled continuously) is a score based on work by Doug Granger of medications that can affect activity of the HPA axis, weighted by significance of potential impact (Granger, Hibel, Fortunato, \& Kapelewski, 2009). Each medication taken is given a score of 0, 1, or 2, and all medication scores for a participant is summed, resulting in scores from 0 to infinity. Lower scores are less likely to influence cortisol. Potential Covariate
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Experimental: Friend and Target Both
n=61 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend and target: random assignment to Friend and Target Both condition
|
Experimental: Friend Provides Support
n=64 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend support: random assignment to Friend Provides Support condition
|
Experimental: Unfamiliar Peer and Target
n=62 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
unfamiliar peer and target: random assignment to Unfamiliar Peer and Target condition
|
Experimental: Alone
n=67 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
alone: random assignment to Alone condition
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Granger Score. Potential Covariate
|
0.34 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.83
|
0.28 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.79
|
0.19 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.6
|
0.64 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.36
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: 2 hour TSST sessionPopulation: 256 participants were completed, with 61 Friend and Target Both, 65 Friend Support, 62 Unfamiliar Peer, and 68 Alone. For each outcomes, all available analyzable data were included in results, sometimes resulting in lower n.
Network of Relationships Inventory (NRI) reported by youth for their primary parent on how much they experience various emotions or incidents (e.g. How much free time do you spend with this person?), reported on a 5-point scale: (1) Little or None, (2) Somewhat, (3) Very Much, (4) Extremely Much, (5) The Most. Mean scores calculated from all positive attachment items, range 1-5. Potential Covariate. This self report reflects the general current state of the relationship, without a specific timeframe, and was obtained during the TSST session.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Experimental: Friend and Target Both
n=61 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend and target: random assignment to Friend and Target Both condition
|
Experimental: Friend Provides Support
n=64 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend support: random assignment to Friend Provides Support condition
|
Experimental: Unfamiliar Peer and Target
n=62 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
unfamiliar peer and target: random assignment to Unfamiliar Peer and Target condition
|
Experimental: Alone
n=66 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
alone: random assignment to Alone condition
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Quality of Relationship With Primary Parent, BSV Positive Attachment Scale. Potential Covariate
|
3.22 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.74
|
3.44 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.79
|
3.23 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.7
|
3.26 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.85
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: 2 hour TSST sessionPopulation: 256 participants were completed, with 61 Friend and Target Both, 65 Friend Support, 62 Unfamiliar Peer, and 68 Alone. For each outcomes, all available analyzable data were included in results, sometimes resulting in lower n.
Network of Relationships Inventory (NRI) reported by youth for their close friend on how much they experience various emotions or incidents (e.g. How much free time do you spend with this person?), reported on a 5-point scale: (1) Little or None, (2) Somewhat, (3) Very Much, (4) Extremely Much, (5) The Most. Mean scores calculated from all positive attachment items, ranging 1-5. Potential Covariate. This self report reflects the general current state of the relationship, without a specific timeframe, and was obtained during the TSST session.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Experimental: Friend and Target Both
n=61 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend and target: random assignment to Friend and Target Both condition
|
Experimental: Friend Provides Support
n=64 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend support: random assignment to Friend Provides Support condition
|
Experimental: Unfamiliar Peer and Target
n=62 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
unfamiliar peer and target: random assignment to Unfamiliar Peer and Target condition
|
Experimental: Alone
n=66 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
alone: random assignment to Alone condition
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Quality of Relationship With Close Friend, BSV Positive Attachment Scale. Potential Covariate
|
3.18 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.71
|
3.36 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.71
|
3.31 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.73
|
3.27 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.73
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: 2 hour TSST sessionPopulation: 256 participants were completed, with 61 Friend and Target Both, 65 Friend Support, 62 Unfamiliar Peer, and 68 Alone. For each outcomes, all available analyzable data were included in results, sometimes resulting in lower n.
Scale on the MacArthur Health and Behavior Questionnaire, 5pt scale (1-5), high scores indicate peer acceptance. This report reflects the general current state of the youth, without a specific timeframe, and was obtained during the TSST session.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Experimental: Friend and Target Both
n=61 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend and target: random assignment to Friend and Target Both condition
|
Experimental: Friend Provides Support
n=65 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend support: random assignment to Friend Provides Support condition
|
Experimental: Unfamiliar Peer and Target
n=62 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
unfamiliar peer and target: random assignment to Unfamiliar Peer and Target condition
|
Experimental: Alone
n=68 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
alone: random assignment to Alone condition
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Peer Acceptance/Rejection. Potential Covariate
|
3.61 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.69
|
3.62 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.41
|
3.67 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.31
|
3.56 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.41
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: 2 hour TSST sessionPopulation: 256 participants were completed, with 61 Friend and Target Both, 65 Friend Support, 62 Unfamiliar Peer, and 68 Alone. For each outcomes, all available analyzable data were included in results, sometimes resulting in lower n.
Scale on the MacArthur Health and Behavior Questionnaire, 3pt scale (0,1,2), high scores indicate inhibition. This report reflects the general current state of the youth, without a specific timeframe, and was obtained during the TSST session.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Experimental: Friend and Target Both
n=61 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend and target: random assignment to Friend and Target Both condition
|
Experimental: Friend Provides Support
n=65 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend support: random assignment to Friend Provides Support condition
|
Experimental: Unfamiliar Peer and Target
n=62 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
unfamiliar peer and target: random assignment to Unfamiliar Peer and Target condition
|
Experimental: Alone
n=68 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
alone: random assignment to Alone condition
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Behavioral Inhibition. Potential Covariate
|
0.69 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.62
|
0.52 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.43
|
0.64 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.54
|
0.69 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.51
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: 2 hour TSST sessionPopulation: 256 participants were completed, with 61 Friend and Target Both, 65 Friend Support, 62 Unfamiliar Peer, and 68 Alone. For each outcomes, all available analyzable data were included in results, sometimes resulting in lower n.
Higher order measure from the MacArthur Health and Behavior Questionnaire, 3pt scale (0,1,2), high scores indicate Internalizing. This report reflects the general current state of the youth, without a specific timeframe, and was obtained during the TSST session.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Experimental: Friend and Target Both
n=61 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend and target: random assignment to Friend and Target Both condition
|
Experimental: Friend Provides Support
n=65 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend support: random assignment to Friend Provides Support condition
|
Experimental: Unfamiliar Peer and Target
n=62 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
unfamiliar peer and target: random assignment to Unfamiliar Peer and Target condition
|
Experimental: Alone
n=66 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
alone: random assignment to Alone condition
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Internalizing Symptoms. Potential Covariate
|
0.26 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.17
|
0.24 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.22
|
0.25 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.2
|
0.26 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.22
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: 2 hour TSST sessionPopulation: 256 participants were completed, with 61 Friend and Target Both, 65 Friend Support, 62 Unfamiliar Peer, and 68 Alone. For each outcomes, all available analyzable data were included in results, sometimes resulting in lower n.
Higher order measure from the MacArthur Health and Behavior Questionnaire, 3pt scale (0,1,2), high scores indicate externalizing. This report reflects the general current state of the youth, without a specific timeframe, and was obtained during the TSST session.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Experimental: Friend and Target Both
n=61 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend and target: random assignment to Friend and Target Both condition
|
Experimental: Friend Provides Support
n=65 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
Friend support: random assignment to Friend Provides Support condition
|
Experimental: Unfamiliar Peer and Target
n=62 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
unfamiliar peer and target: random assignment to Unfamiliar Peer and Target condition
|
Experimental: Alone
n=67 Participants
There are four conditions: (1) Friend and Target both undergo the stressor, (2) Friend provides support but does not undergo the stressor, (3) Unfamiliar Peer and Target undergo the stressor, and (4) Alone (no partner).
alone: random assignment to Alone condition
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Externalizing Symptoms. Potential Covariate
|
0.11 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.13
|
0.13 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.13
|
0.14 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.15
|
0.14 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.16
|
Adverse Events
Friend and Target Both
Friend Provides Support
Unfamiliar Peer
Alone
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place