Exploring the Effects of Aquatic Exercise on Cardiovascular Function in Older Adults

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Total Enrollment

100 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-12-01

Study Completion Date

2022-08-30

Brief Summary

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Cardiovascular ageing is implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Aquatic exercise is being considered as a co-adjuvant form of rehabilitation, but there is limited evidence for its cardiovascular risk-reduction properties for older people. Our study aims to address this by exploring the cardiovascular effects of long-term aquatic exercise in older adults in comparison to those who are either inactive or engaged in land-based/mixed training by measurement of micro- and macro-circulation.

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Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Cardiovascular Diseases

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

OTHER

Study Time Perspective

OTHER

Study Groups

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Aquatic Exercise

General inclusion criteria included being over 55 years of age and normotensive (e.g., \<140/90 mm Hg). Specifically for this group, we include participants engaging in swimming or other aquatic, primarily aerobic-based, training regimes for more than 2 times a week, for more than 6 months, at the time of the assessments.

No interventions assigned to this group

Land-based exercise

General inclusion criteria included being over 55 years of age and normotensive (e.g., \<140/90 mm Hg). Specifically for this group, we include participants engaging in land-based, primarily aerobic training regimes (e.g. aerobic exercise) for more than 2 times a week, for a period longer than 6 months, at the time of the assessments.

No interventions assigned to this group

Mixed exercise

General inclusion criteria included being over 55 years of age and normotensive (e.g., \<140/90 mm Hg). Specifically for this group, we include participants engaging in both land-based and aquatic, primarily aerobic, exercise regimes on an equal basis, for more than 6 months.

No interventions assigned to this group

Sedentary.

General inclusion criteria included being over 55 years of age and normotensive (e.g., \<140/90 mm Hg). Specifically for this group, we include participants who are sedentary (e.g., defined as undertaking less than 60 min of structured/planned physical activity per week), for a period longer than 6 months.

Aquatic exercise

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Participants belonging to Group D (sedentary group) will be randomised 1-to-1 between remaining sedentary (n=20) and following a self-managed, 8-week, aquatic-based exercise programme (n=20). The latter group will be offered an 8-week access to pool facilities. For Group D participants, all baseline assessments will be repeated at 8 weeks.

Interventions

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Aquatic exercise

Participants belonging to Group D (sedentary group) will be randomised 1-to-1 between remaining sedentary (n=20) and following a self-managed, 8-week, aquatic-based exercise programme (n=20). The latter group will be offered an 8-week access to pool facilities. For Group D participants, all baseline assessments will be repeated at 8 weeks.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* being over 55 years of age and normotensive (e.g., \<140/90 mm Hg).

Exclusion Criteria

* any overt chronic disease which would affect microvascular functioning,
* anaemia (irrespective of whether an iron supplementation course is followed or not)
* a recent (3 months' ago) major surgery
* None of the participants were undertaking high intensity interval training of any form.

Minimum Eligible Age

55 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

75 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes