The Effect of the Beeswax-containing Barrier on the Prevention of Nipple Crack

NCT ID: NCT04259320

Last Updated: 2021-10-25

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

90 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2020-02-17

Study Completion Date

2020-11-30

Brief Summary

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In the planned study, it was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the beeswax-containing barrier and breast milk used in the first ten days of breastfeeding to prevent the formation of nipple cracks. It's a prospective, randomized study based on 90 primipara lactating women. Participants were assigned randomly 3 groups (beeswax-containing barrier, breast milk, and no treatment-control).

Detailed Description

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Current evidence-based guidelines report that the incidence of nipple cracks ranges between 34-96%. Nipple cracks generally occur in the first week after the birth and may continue in the following periods of breastfeeding. Nipple crack is the second most common reason to stop breastfeeding early, after perceived insufficient milk release. Nipple crack pain in studies has been expressed as extremely painful and terrible. It is known that breast milk, olive oil, quince seed jelly, mint juice, lanolin, jujube fruit lotion, guaiazulen pomade, aloe vera gel, menthol essence, vitamin A-E, curcumin extract, hydrogel dressings are recommended to mothers to prevent nipple cracks during breastfeeding. The prevention of nipple cracks, will successfully allow to continue breastfeeding. In this way, breastfeeding will not be interrupted and the rate of breastfeeding-only feeding will increase in the first 6 months. Using non-pharmacological, effective and therapeutic methods will also have a positive effect to increase the rate of breastfeeding.

Studies in the literature cover the evaluation of the effectiveness of beeswax or beeswax-containing mixtures on wound, burn and crack healing. Due to its natural composition with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiulcerative properties, beeswax is thought to be an effective and sufficient material in preventing and healing nipple cracks.

In this study, it is planned to include 90 lactating women (30 women in each group) to meet the parametric test assumptions in the experimental and control groups (beeswax-containing barrier, breast milk, and no treatment-control). Breastfeeding mothers to be included in the experimental and control groups will be randomized.

Conditions

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Breastfeeding Cracked Nipple in Puerperium

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Randomized clinical trial
Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Beeswax containing barrier

Beeswax containing barrier will be given to the breastfeeding mother within the first 24 hours. After breastfeeding, it can be placed on the breast after it is expected to dry a little.Outside of breastfeeding and bathing, it will be constantly attached to the breasts.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Beeswax containing barrier

Intervention Type DEVICE

Use beeswax containing barrier on each nipple after each breastfeeding.

Breast milk

After breastfeeding, 2-3 drops of breast milk are applied to the nipple and areola. After the milk has dried, the breasts are closed. This application should be done at least 5 times a day.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Breast milk

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

Apply breast milk on each nipple and areola after each breastfeeding.

No treatment- control

It is a group that does not use any method to prevent nipple cracks. All follow-ups in the experimental groups are done.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Beeswax containing barrier

Use beeswax containing barrier on each nipple after each breastfeeding.

Intervention Type DEVICE

Breast milk

Apply breast milk on each nipple and areola after each breastfeeding.

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Being over 18 years old;
* Normal spontaneous delivery.
* Pregnancy weeks between 37-42.
* Single birth.
* Initiated breastfeeding.
* Having given birth to a healthy, full-term child.
* Newborn with no oral, palatal or maxillofacial abnormalities.
* Not taking any medication, considering that drug use may cause nipple problems.
* Being able to read and write.
* Volunteering to participate in the study.
* Not having contraindications for breastfeeding.

Exclusion Criteria

* Not approving to participate in the research.
* Being a multipara.
* Not breastfeeding within the first 24 hours.
* Development of any breast problem: Mastitis, engorgement etc.
* Taking newborn into intensive care.
* Not sticking to the application.
* Using another nipple crack preventing method during application.
* Being allergic to beeswax.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

49 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Karabuk Training and Research Hospital

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

Karabuk University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Seda Serhatlioglu

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Sibel Mutlu, OB/GYN

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Karabuk University Research and Training Hospital

Locations

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Karabuk University Training and Research Hospital

Karabük, Merkez, Turkey (Türkiye)

Site Status

Countries

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Turkey (Türkiye)

References

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Buck ML, Amir LH, Cullinane M, Donath SM; CASTLE Study Team. Nipple pain, damage, and vasospasm in the first 8 weeks postpartum. Breastfeed Med. 2014 Mar;9(2):56-62. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2013.0106. Epub 2013 Dec 31.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24380583 (View on PubMed)

Puapornpong P, Paritakul P, Suksamarnwong M, Srisuwan S, Ketsuwan S. Nipple Pain Incidence, the Predisposing Factors, the Recovery Period After Care Management, and the Exclusive Breastfeeding Outcome. Breastfeed Med. 2017 Apr;12:169-173. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2016.0194. Epub 2017 Mar 9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28278382 (View on PubMed)

Dennis CL, Jackson K, Watson J. Interventions for treating painful nipples among breastfeeding women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Dec 15;2014(12):CD007366. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007366.pub2.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25506813 (View on PubMed)

Serhatlioglu S, Gencturk N, Mutlu S. Determination of the effectiveness of beeswax in preventing nipple pain and cracks in primiparous breastfeeding mothers: A randomized controlled trial. Explore (NY). 2023 Nov-Dec;19(6):851-858. doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2023.05.002. Epub 2023 May 13.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 37236877 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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E-01

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id