Trial Outcomes & Findings for Happy Family, Healthy Kids Program (NCT NCT04183179)

NCT ID: NCT04183179

Last Updated: 2025-03-27

Results Overview

Child dietary intake will be assessed by the 41-item Block Kids Food Screener. The Block Kids Food Screener is a food frequency questionnaire used to assess dietary intake of fruits, vegetables, dairy, whole grains, protein sources, saturated fat, and added sugars in youth aged 2-17 years old. It has been shown to have significant relationships (r=0.53-0.88) with Nutrition Data System for Research 24-h food recall data. The Block Kids Food Screener has acceptable Cronbach's alphas of 0.76-0.77 for the survey items assessing fruit and vegetable intake among Head Start preschoolers. The completed surveys will be processed and analyzed by NutritionQuest, and the number of cups of fruit and vegetable consumed per day will be used to describe children's fruit and vegetable intake, with a higher number indicating a healthier eating behavior.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

214 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Change from baseline child dietary intake at 15 weeks

Results posted on

2025-03-27

Participant Flow

107 caregivers and 107 preschoolers were recruited.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Program-Preschoolers
The 14-week healthy eating program activities including 2 components for preschoolers: 1. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 2. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home
Program-Caregivers
The 14-week healthy eating program activities including 2 components for caregivers: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges
Overall Study
STARTED
107
107
Overall Study
COMPLETED
103
103
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
4
4

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

The total sample of 214 include 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Program
n=214 Participants
The 14-week healthy eating program activities including 4 components: 1. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 2. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home 3. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 4. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges
Age, Continuous
Preschoolers
3.94 Years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.57 • n=107 Participants • The total sample of 214 include 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.
Age, Continuous
Caregivers
30.12 Years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.98 • n=107 Participants • The total sample of 214 include 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.
Sex: Female, Male
Preschoolers · Female
58 Participants
n=107 Participants • Total 214 participants including 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.
Sex: Female, Male
Preschoolers · Male
49 Participants
n=107 Participants • Total 214 participants including 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.
Sex: Female, Male
Caregivers · Female
102 Participants
n=107 Participants • Total 214 participants including 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.
Sex: Female, Male
Caregivers · Male
5 Participants
n=107 Participants • Total 214 participants including 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Preschooler · Hispanic or Latino
9 Participants
n=107 Participants • Total 214 participants with 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Preschooler · Not Hispanic or Latino
98 Participants
n=107 Participants • Total 214 participants with 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Preschooler · Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=107 Participants • Total 214 participants with 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Caregivers · Hispanic or Latino
7 Participants
n=107 Participants • Total 214 participants with 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Caregivers · Not Hispanic or Latino
100 Participants
n=107 Participants • Total 214 participants with 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Caregivers · Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=107 Participants • Total 214 participants with 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB)
Preschoolers · American Indian or Alaska Native
1 Participants
n=107 Participants • Total 214 participants with 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB)
Preschoolers · Asian
0 Participants
n=107 Participants • Total 214 participants with 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB)
Preschoolers · Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=107 Participants • Total 214 participants with 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB)
Preschoolers · Black or African American
21 Participants
n=107 Participants • Total 214 participants with 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB)
Preschoolers · White
78 Participants
n=107 Participants • Total 214 participants with 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB)
Preschoolers · More than one race
7 Participants
n=107 Participants • Total 214 participants with 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB)
Preschoolers · Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=107 Participants • Total 214 participants with 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB)
Caregivers · American Indian or Alaska Native
3 Participants
n=107 Participants • Total 214 participants with 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB)
Caregivers · Asian
0 Participants
n=107 Participants • Total 214 participants with 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB)
Caregivers · Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=107 Participants • Total 214 participants with 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB)
Caregivers · Black or African American
16 Participants
n=107 Participants • Total 214 participants with 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB)
Caregivers · White
79 Participants
n=107 Participants • Total 214 participants with 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB)
Caregivers · More than one race
8 Participants
n=107 Participants • Total 214 participants with 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.
Race (NIH/OMB)
Caregivers · Unknown or Not Reported
1 Participants
n=107 Participants • Total 214 participants with 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.
Region of Enrollment
United States
214 participants
n=214 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Change from baseline child dietary intake at 15 weeks

Population: This outcome is for preschoolers only. Caregivers' outcomes were presented separately.

Child dietary intake will be assessed by the 41-item Block Kids Food Screener. The Block Kids Food Screener is a food frequency questionnaire used to assess dietary intake of fruits, vegetables, dairy, whole grains, protein sources, saturated fat, and added sugars in youth aged 2-17 years old. It has been shown to have significant relationships (r=0.53-0.88) with Nutrition Data System for Research 24-h food recall data. The Block Kids Food Screener has acceptable Cronbach's alphas of 0.76-0.77 for the survey items assessing fruit and vegetable intake among Head Start preschoolers. The completed surveys will be processed and analyzed by NutritionQuest, and the number of cups of fruit and vegetable consumed per day will be used to describe children's fruit and vegetable intake, with a higher number indicating a healthier eating behavior.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Program - Preschooler Participants
n=107 Participants
The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home Happy Family, Healthy Kids Program: The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home
Child Dietary Fruit and Vegetable Intake
0.07 Cups per day
Standard Deviation 1.04

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Change from baseline to 15 weeks

Child eating style will be assessed by the 35-item Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire. It has five response choices ranging from 1=never to 5=always. The Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire has eight factors including food responsiveness, emotional overeating, enjoyment of food, desire to drink, satiety responsiveness, slowness in eating, emotional undereating, and food fussiness with good reliability and validity among preschoolers. A mean score (min-max: 1-5) for the emotional overeating factor will be calculated, with a higher mean factor score indicating a higher level of emotional overeating.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Program - Preschooler Participants
n=107 Participants
The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home Happy Family, Healthy Kids Program: The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home
Child Emotional Overeating
0.05 Mean score
Standard Deviation 0.46

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Change from baseline body mass index z-score at 15 weeks

Height and weight will be measured to the nearest 0.1 cm with a ShorrBoard stadiometer and to the nearest 0.1 kg with a Seca model 874 portable electronic weight scale, respectively. All measurements will occur in a private room with participants removing their shoes, jackets, or heavy clothes. BMI z-score for age and sex will be determined via SAS program for CDC Growth Charts. The BMI Z-score indicates the number of standard deviations away from the mean. A Z-score of 0 is equal to the mean of a reference population. Negative numbers indicate values lower than the reference population and positive numbers indicate values higher than the reference population. A negative change in Z-scores indicates a favorable outcome.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Program - Preschooler Participants
n=107 Participants
The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home Happy Family, Healthy Kids Program: The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home
Child Body Mass Index Z-score
-0.06 BMI z score
Standard Deviation 0.48

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Change from baseline blood pressure at 15 weeks

Population: 214 participants include 107 preschoolers and 107 caregivers.

Both systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) will be measured using the Omron HEM-705-CP digital blood pressure monitor in the right arm of each relaxed (rest at least 15 minutes) and seated participant. The Omron HEM-705-CP can provide accurate estimation of blood pressure in both children and adults with a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 98%.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Program - Preschooler Participants
n=214 Participants
The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home Happy Family, Healthy Kids Program: The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home
Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure
Child SBP
1.02 mmHg
Standard Deviation 11.77
Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure
Child DBP
-1.60 mmHg
Standard Deviation 12.38
Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure
Caregiver SBP
-3.64 mmHg
Standard Deviation 11.96
Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure
Caregiver DBP
-2.10 mmHg
Standard Deviation 9.21

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Change from baseline parental knowledge of health eating at 15 weeks

Parental knowledge of health eating will be assessed by the 10-item Parental Nutrition Knowledge Scale. This scale has been used with Head Start parents to assess their knowledge level. The sum of the 10 items, with a range from 0 to 10, will be calculated, with a higher sum score indicating greater knowledge on healthy eating and physical activity.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Program - Preschooler Participants
n=107 Participants
The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home Happy Family, Healthy Kids Program: The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home
Parental Knowledge of Health Eating
0.44 Sum score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.21

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Change from baseline parental self-efficacy for supporting health eating at 15 weeks

Parental self-efficacy for supporting health eating will be assessed with the 12-item Parental Eating Self-Efficacy Scale. The scale has shown to have a good internal consistency reliability of 0.94 with Head Start parents. The mean score of the 12 items, with a range from 0 to 10, will be calculated, with a higher mean score indicating greater self-efficacy.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Program - Preschooler Participants
n=107 Participants
The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home Happy Family, Healthy Kids Program: The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home
Parental Self-efficacy for Supporting Health Eating
0.56 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.25

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Change from baseline parental support for health eating at 15 weeks

Parental support for health eating will be measured by the 7-item Parental Support Scale for Eating Habits. A prior study with Head Start parents showed that the scale had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.87. The mean score of the seven items, with a range from 1 to 6, will be calculated, with a higher mean score indicating greater parental support.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Program - Preschooler Participants
n=107 Participants
The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home Happy Family, Healthy Kids Program: The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home
Parental Support for Health Eating
0.47 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.89

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Change from baseline parental feeding practice skill at 15 weeks

Parental feeding practice skill will be assessed by the Child Feeding Questionnaire. The Child Feeding Questionnaire has seven factors: perceived responsibility, perceived caregiver weight, perceived child weight, concerns about child weight, restriction, pressure to eat, and monitoring with good Cronbach's alphas of 0.73, 0.80, 0.75, 0.73, 0.69, 0.65, and 0.82 among Head Start parents, respectively. The mean score of the items for each factor, with a range from 1 to 5, will be calculated, with a higher mean score indicating greater perceived responsibility, perceived caregiver weight, perceived child weight, concerns about child weight, pressure to eat, restriction, and monitoring, respectively.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Program - Preschooler Participants
n=107 Participants
The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home Happy Family, Healthy Kids Program: The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home
Parental Feeding Practice Skill
perceived responsibility
-0.05 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.45
Parental Feeding Practice Skill
perceived caregiver weight
0.003 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.37
Parental Feeding Practice Skill
perceived child weight
-0.03 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.30
Parental Feeding Practice Skill
concerns about child weight
0.02 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.44
Parental Feeding Practice Skill
restriction
-0.09 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.79
Parental Feeding Practice Skill
pressure to eat
-0.11 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.78
Parental Feeding Practice Skill
monitoring
0.04 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.07

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Change from baseline parental perceived stress at 15 weeks

Parental perceived stress will be assessed by the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Literature has support that the 10-item PSS has better psychometric properties than the original 14-item PSS. It has five response choices from 0=never to 4=very often. The sum score of the 10 items will be calculated, with a higher sum score indicating a higher perceived stress level.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Program - Preschooler Participants
n=107 Participants
The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home Happy Family, Healthy Kids Program: The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home
Parental Perceived Stress
3.74 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.16

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Change from baseline parental coping strategies at 15 weeks

Parental coping strategies will be assessed by the 28-item Brief COPE. The Brief COPE measures 14 coping strategies including self-distraction, active coping, denial, substance use, use of emotional support, use of instrumental support, behavioral disengagement, venting, positive reframing, planning, humor, acceptance, religion, and self-blame. It has four response choices from "1=not at all" to "4=a lot". A sum score, range from 2 to 8, for each coping strategy will be calculated, with a higher sum score indicating a higher level of that coping strategy used.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Program - Preschooler Participants
n=107 Participants
The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home Happy Family, Healthy Kids Program: The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home
Parental Coping Strategies
Problem-focused coping
0.14 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.61
Parental Coping Strategies
Emotion-focused coping
-0.01 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.44
Parental Coping Strategies
Avoidant coping
0.01 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.39

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Change from baseline parent fruit/vegetable/fiber intake at 15 weeks

Parent fruit/vegetable/fiber intake will be assessed by the 7-item Block Fruit/Vegetable/Fiber Screener. The screener had significant relationships with the 1995 Block 100-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (r=0.71 for fruit/vegetable intake and 0.62 for fiber intake). It has good Cronbach's alphas of 0.75-0.76 among Head Start parents. The survey has six response choices ranging from 0=less than one per week to 5=2 or more a day. Following the equations provided by the NutritionQuest, the number of fruit and vegetable servings per day will be calculated to describe parents' fruit and vegetable intake.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Program - Preschooler Participants
n=107 Participants
The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home Happy Family, Healthy Kids Program: The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home
Parent Fruit/Vegetable/Fiber Intake
0.12 servings per day
Standard Deviation 1.53

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Change from baseline parental emotional eating at 15 weeks

Parental emotional eating will be assessed by the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R18). The TFEQ-R18 has three domains: uncontrolled eating, emotional eating, and cognitive restraint, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.84, 0.92, and 0.70, respectively, among U.S. healthy weight, overweight, and obese adults. Another study with tumor survivors aged 15-39 years old further supports the reliability and factor structure of the scale. It has four response choices ranging from 1="definitely false" to 4="definitely true". The mean score of each domain will be calculated, with a higher mean score indicating a higher level of uncontrolled eating, emotional eating, and cognitive restraint, respectively.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Program - Preschooler Participants
n=107 Participants
The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home Happy Family, Healthy Kids Program: The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home
Parental Emotional Eating
0.01 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.67

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Change from baseline home eating environment at 15 weeks

Home eating environment will be assessed by the 10-item Family Nutrition Screening Tool, with good construct validity in young children. Evidence has shown that the healthier home eating environment is related to healthier BMI and lower odds of food insecurity. It has four response choices ranging from 1=never/almost never to 4=very often/always. The sum score of the 10 items, with a range from 10 to 40, will be calculated, with a higher sum score indicating a healthier home environment.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Program - Preschooler Participants
n=107 Participants
The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home Happy Family, Healthy Kids Program: The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home
Home Eating Environment
0.87 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.65

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Change from baseline food security status at 15 weeks

Food security status in the past 12 months will be assessed by the 18-item U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module. It has two subscales: a 10-item Adult Food Security subscale and an 8-item Child Food Security subscale. Raw score, ranging from 0 to 18, will be calculated for the whole scale, adult subscale, and child subscale, respectively, with a higher raw score indicating a higher level of food insecurity. Household will be categorized as 0-2=food secure and 3-18=food insecure.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Program - Preschooler Participants
n=107 Participants
The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home Happy Family, Healthy Kids Program: The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home
Food Security Status
-0.01 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.87

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Change from baseline parent proportion of overweight and obesity and body mass index at 15 weeks

Body mass index will be calculated based on weight (kg)/height (m2). Data collection procedures for parents will be similar to those employed for preschoolers.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Program - Preschooler Participants
n=107 Participants
The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home Happy Family, Healthy Kids Program: The 14-week healthy eating program activities including four components: 1. A 14-week parent Facebook-based program focusing on stress management and healthy eating to reduce emotional eating and increase parents' capacity to initiate healthy eating practices at home 2. Three parent face-to-face or virtual meetings at Head Start centers to connect parents with each other in person, offer healthy cooking tools/classes, and discuss behavioral change strategies and challenges 3. 14-week child "Eat My ABCs" program at Head Start centers to provide an age-appropriate, healthy eating program to children 4. Weekly child letter to parents to connect child learning at the Head Start center with parental practices at home
Parent Body Mass Index
-0.13 kg/m^2
Standard Deviation 3.40

Adverse Events

Program for Preschoolers

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Program for Caregivers

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Jiying Ling

Michigan State University College of Nursing

Phone: 5173538591

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place