Comparison Study of the Different Abbreviated Versions of the Geriatric Depression Scale
NCT ID: NCT04180683
Last Updated: 2020-12-01
Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
331 participants
OBSERVATIONAL
2020-03-01
2020-11-30
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Under these circumstances, screening people at risk of depression (people with chronic illness, stroke, dementia, institutionalized or attending social responses, etc.) is a strategy with potential to reduce the impact of depression among the elderly.
One of the most commonly used screening scales for depressive symptoms in elderly is the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), a widely known and widely used scale designed specifically for older people. For this reason, it does not include questions related to somatic symptoms, as they lack discriminatory value in older people, because they can be attributed to other physical conditions or the aging process. The original version of the scale is composed by 30 items with a dichotomous response (yes/no) assessing motivation, energy, past and future orientation, mood, cognitive complaints, anxiety and irritability. The GDS scale has good psychometric properties and has been evaluated in a wide range of geriatric populations, institutionalized patients, elderly with chronic health problems, people with dementia, etc. In order to achieve better time efficiency in its administration, the original 30-item scale was abbreviated to a 15-item version. Posteriorly, multiple shorter versions of this scale were developed, composed by one, four, five, ten or twelve items.
The GDS scale has been widely translated and validated worldwide. In Portugal, the GDS-30 was adapted and validated by Pocinho, Farate, Dias, Lee and Yesavage. The versions of GDS-15, GDS-10 and GDS-5 were adapted and validated by Apóstolo and colleagues having demonstrated good psychometric properties and, therefore, potential as a screening tool for depressive symptoms in older people.
The aim of this study is to compare the screening ability of the several validated versions for the Portuguese population of the GDS scale (GDS-30, GDS-15, GDS-10 and GDS-5), as well as to establish their psychometric properties, using a large sample of elderly patients attending social responses addressed to the elderly. This study will allow recommendations on which is the most sensitive GDS version for detecting depressive symptoms by comparing them with other depression screening scales.
To achieve this, the results of the several GDS versions will be compared with the application of a gold standard, the Beck-II Depression Inventory \[BDI-II\].
Regarding the BDI-II, it is important to mention its good psychometric characteristics when used in the elderly population, which were evident in studies that compared the psychometric characteristics of different scales used to assess depression in the elderly. I was concluded that this instrument obtained a test-retest value of 0.93, Cronbach's α ranged from 0.76 to 0.91 in elderly Americans, in a community-dwelling elderly, in Puerto Rican residents, in elderly with heart problems, and in women living in institutions for the elderly. In elderly clinical samples, Cronbach's α ranged from 0.89 to 0.92. BDI is significantly and positively correlated with CES-D (r = 0.69, p \<0.001) and with GDS (r = 0.71, p \<0.001). The clinical utility of BDI-II is proven and high because of its clinical sensitivity and consistency with the DSM-IV criteria. In addition, it identifies many depressive symptoms and is one of the most commonly used instruments in the elderly without cognitive decline and also in non-clinical samples, as it is brief and easily administered and scored.
On the other hand, in another study where BDI-II was applied to elderly people with cognitive deficits, it was found that this population has symptoms similar to those of young people and adults, supporting the validity of this instrument in this population.
In order to reinforce the assessment of the screening ability of the several GDS versions validated for the Portuguese population, as well as to establish their psychometric properties, a sample (estimated at about 25%) will be defined, in which the GDS will be compared with a gold standard, that will consist of a semi-structured interview guide based on the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) for depressive disorders. For this sample, a questionnaire will be answered by the professionals who perform the evaluation, regarding their opinion about which GDS version is more easily understandable by the participants and the participants' preference regarding the different versions of GDS, as a means of assessing which version is more discernible for the participants. All the GDS versions validated for the Portuguese population (GDS-30, GDS-15, GDS-10 and GDS-5) will be administered to these participants.
Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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OTHER
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Study Groups
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Semi-structured interview group
Participants assigned to this group will be administered the GDS-30, GDS-15, GDS-10 nad GDS-5, and also the BDI-II and a semi-structured interview based on the DSM-5 criteria. The psychologists performing the assessment will answer a questionnaire about which GDS version was more easily understandable by the participants and the participants' preference regarding the GDS versions.
Battery of screening tests with semi-structured interview
First, participants will be administered the Mini-Mental State Examination to assess if they meet the inclusion criteria and an ID will be assigned to the participants that meet the criteria. Posteriorly, a clinical psychologist will administer the GDS-30, GDS-15, GDS-10 and GDS-5, the BDI-II and a semi-structured interview about depressive disorders according to the DSM-5 criteria. Participants with even ID's from each institution will be answer the instruments according to the order GDS-30, GDS-10, BDI-II, GDS-5 e GDS-15 and participants with odd ID's will answer the battery in the reverse order. The assessment session will take place in a single moment in time. After the assessment, the clinical psychologist will answer a questionnaire about which version was more easily understandable by the participants and the participants' preference regarding the GDS versions.
No semi-structured interview group
Participants assigned to this group will be administered the GDS-30 and the GDS-15, and also the BDI-II.
Battery of screening tests without semi-structured interview
First, participants will be administered the Mini-Mental State Examination to assess if they meet the inclusion criteria an ID will be assigned to the participants that meet the criteria. Posteriorly, a psychologist will administer the GDS-30, GDS-15 and the BDI-II. Participants with even ID's from each institution will answer the instruments according to the order GDS-30, BDI-II and GDS-15 and participants with odd ID's the administration order will answer the battery in the reverse order. The assessment session will take place in a single moment in time.
Interventions
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Battery of screening tests with semi-structured interview
First, participants will be administered the Mini-Mental State Examination to assess if they meet the inclusion criteria and an ID will be assigned to the participants that meet the criteria. Posteriorly, a clinical psychologist will administer the GDS-30, GDS-15, GDS-10 and GDS-5, the BDI-II and a semi-structured interview about depressive disorders according to the DSM-5 criteria. Participants with even ID's from each institution will be answer the instruments according to the order GDS-30, GDS-10, BDI-II, GDS-5 e GDS-15 and participants with odd ID's will answer the battery in the reverse order. The assessment session will take place in a single moment in time. After the assessment, the clinical psychologist will answer a questionnaire about which version was more easily understandable by the participants and the participants' preference regarding the GDS versions.
Battery of screening tests without semi-structured interview
First, participants will be administered the Mini-Mental State Examination to assess if they meet the inclusion criteria an ID will be assigned to the participants that meet the criteria. Posteriorly, a psychologist will administer the GDS-30, GDS-15 and the BDI-II. Participants with even ID's from each institution will answer the instruments according to the order GDS-30, BDI-II and GDS-15 and participants with odd ID's the administration order will answer the battery in the reverse order. The assessment session will take place in a single moment in time.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* To be able to understand and answer the instruments' questions.
* Being 65 years of age or older.
* Being a native Portuguese speaker.
* To attend a social response addressed to the elderly in an institution.
Exclusion Criteria
65 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Rsocialform - Geriatria, Lda
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Susana I Justo Henriques, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Cediara and Nursing School of Coimbra
Enrique Pérez Saéz, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
CRE Alzheimer and University of Salamanca
João L Alves Apóstolo, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Nursing School of Coimbra
Patrícia Otero Otero, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Universidade da Coruña
Fernando L Vázquez González, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of Santiago de Compostela
Locations
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Cediara - Associação de Solidariedade Social de Ribeira de Fráguas
Albergaria-a-Velha, Aveiro District, Portugal
Rsocialform - Geriatria, Lda.
Mealhada, Aveiro District, Portugal
Centro de Assistência Paroquial da Pampilhosa
Mealhada, Aveiro District, Portugal
Fundação Luiz Bernardo de Almeida
Vale de Cambra, Aveiro District, Portugal
Lar D. Pedro V
Praia da Vitória, Azores, Portugal
Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Ferreira do Alentejo
Ferreira do Alentejo, Beja District, Portugal
Centro Social e Paroquial de S. Martinho de Medelo
Fafe, Braga District, Portugal
Centro Social Vale do Homem
Vila Verde, Braga District, Portugal
Lar de S. José
Covilha, Castelo Branco District, Portugal
Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Fundão
Fundão, Castelo Branco District, Portugal
PRODECO - Progresso e Desenvolvimento de Covões
Cantanhede, Coimbra District, Portugal
Fundação Sarah Beirão/António Costa Carvalho
Tábua, Coimbra District, Portugal
Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Alcobaça
Alcobaça, Leiria District, Portugal
Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Alvorge
Ansião, Leiria District, Portugal
Centro Social e Paroquial de S. Vicente de Alcabideche
Alcabideche, Lisbon District, Portugal
Fundação AFID Diferença
Amadora, Lisbon District, Portugal
Irmãs Hospitaleiras - Casa de Saúde da Idanha
Sintra, Lisbon District, Portugal
Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Arronches
Arronches, Portalegre District, Portugal
Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Arez
Nisa, Portalegre District, Portugal
Associação de Solidariedade Social de Ponte de Sôr
Ponte de Sôr, Portalegre District, Portugal
Quintinha da Conceição Sousa & Silva Lda
Maia, Porto District, Portugal
Centro Social Paroquial de Recarei
Paredes, Porto District, Portugal
Associação de Desenvolvimento da Vila de Paço Sousa
Penafiel, Porto District, Portugal
Centro Social de Bem-Estar de Alcanena
Alcanena, Santarém District, Portugal
Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Canha
Montijo, Setúbal District, Portugal
Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Caminha
Caminha, Viana do Castelo District, Portugal
Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Melgaço
Melgaço, Viana do Castelo District, Portugal
Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Tarouca
Tarouca, Viseu District, Portugal
Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Vouzela
Vouzela, Viseu District, Portugal
Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Castelo Branco
Castelo Branco, , Portugal
Cáritas de Coimbra
Coimbra, , Portugal
Fundação João Bento Raimundo
Guarda, , Portugal
Countries
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References
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ApóstoloJ, Bobrowicz-Campos E, Reis I, Henriques S, Correia C. Screening capacity of Geriatric Depression Scale with 10 and 5 items. Revista de Enfermagem Referência, 4(16): 29-38, 2018. doi:10.12707/RIV17062
Apóstolo JLA, Bobrowicz-Campos EM, Reis IA, Henriques SJ, Correia CAV. Exploring the screening capacity of the European Portuguese version of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 23(2): 99, 2018. doi:10.5944/rppc.vol.23.num.2.2018.21050
Apóstolo J, Loureiro L, Reis I, Silva I, Cardoso D, Sfetcu R. Contribution to the adaptation of the Geriatric Depression Scale -15 into Portuguese. Revista de Enfermagem Referência, IV(3): 65-73, 2014. doi:10.12707/RIV14033
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Jongenelis K, Pot AM, Eisses AM, Gerritsen DL, Derksen M, Beekman AT, Kluiter H, Ribbe MW. Diagnostic accuracy of the original 30-item and shortened versions of the Geriatric Depression Scale in nursing home patients. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005 Nov;20(11):1067-74. doi: 10.1002/gps.1398.
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Other Identifiers
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20112019
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id