Trial Outcomes & Findings for Olfactory Contributions to Sleep-dependent Food Craving (NCT NCT04179838)

NCT ID: NCT04179838

Last Updated: 2020-03-25

Results Overview

In the evening after the night of the "Sleep-Deprived" and the "Non-Sleep Deprived" intervention, odor-evoked brain responses were collected using fMRI. fMRI data was analyzed using searchlight-based support vector machines and leave-one-run-out cross-validation to decode information about food vs. non-food odors. For each participant, this resulted in two maps of decoding accuracy (% data points correctly classified as food or non-food odors), one map per intervention. The measure of interest was decoding accuracy extracted from the piriform cortex.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

29 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

A single time point, in the evening (~19 h) after both the night of the "Sleep-Deprived" and the "Non-Deprived" intervention.

Results posted on

2020-03-25

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Sleep-Deprived First, Then Non-Sleep Deprived
Participants will first be tested after 1 night with partial sleep deprivation (sleep-deprived, 4 h sleep). After a washout period of 4 weeks, they will be tested again after 1 night with normal sleep (non-sleep deprived, 8 h sleep).
Non-Sleep Deprived First, Then Sleep-deprived
Participants will first be tested after 1 night with normal sleep (non-sleep deprived, 8 h sleep). After a washout period of 4 weeks, they will be tested again after 1 night with partial sleep deprivation (sleep-deprived, 4 h sleep).
First Intervention (1 Day)
STARTED
13
16
First Intervention (1 Day)
COMPLETED
13
13
First Intervention (1 Day)
NOT COMPLETED
0
3
Washout (4 Weeks)
STARTED
13
13
Washout (4 Weeks)
COMPLETED
13
13
Washout (4 Weeks)
NOT COMPLETED
0
0
Second Intervention (1 Day)
STARTED
13
13
Second Intervention (1 Day)
COMPLETED
13
12
Second Intervention (1 Day)
NOT COMPLETED
0
1

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Sleep-Deprived First, Then Non-Sleep Deprived
Participants will first be tested after 1 night with partial sleep deprivation (sleep-deprived, 4 h sleep). After a washout period of 4 weeks, they will be tested again after 1 night with normal sleep (non-sleep deprived, 8 h sleep).
Non-Sleep Deprived First, Then Sleep-deprived
Participants will first be tested after 1 night with normal sleep (non-sleep deprived, 8 h sleep). After a washout period of 4 weeks, they will be tested again after 1 night with partial sleep deprivation (sleep-deprived, 4 h sleep).
First Intervention (1 Day)
Withdrawal by Subject
0
3
Second Intervention (1 Day)
Protocol Violation
0
1

Baseline Characteristics

Olfactory Contributions to Sleep-dependent Food Craving

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Sleep-Deprived First, Then Non-Sleep Deprived
n=13 Participants
Participants will first be tested after 1 night with partial sleep deprivation (sleep-deprived, 4 h sleep). After a washout period of 4 weeks, they will be tested again after 1 night with normal sleep (non-sleep deprived, 8 h sleep).
Non-Sleep Deprived First, Then Sleep-deprived
n=12 Participants
Participants will first be tested after 1 night with normal sleep (non-sleep deprived, 8 h sleep). After a washout period of 4 weeks, they will be tested again after 1 night with partial sleep deprivation (sleep-deprived, 4 h sleep).
Total
n=25 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
26.3 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.46 • n=5 Participants
27 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.54 • n=7 Participants
26.64 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.91 • n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
10 Participants
n=5 Participants
5 Participants
n=7 Participants
15 Participants
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
7 Participants
n=7 Participants
10 Participants
n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
12 Participants
n=5 Participants
11 Participants
n=7 Participants
23 Participants
n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
2 Participants
n=7 Participants
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
7 Participants
n=7 Participants
14 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
2 Participants
n=7 Participants
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
13 participants
n=5 Participants
12 participants
n=7 Participants
25 participants
n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: A single time point, in the evening (~19 h) after both the night of the "Sleep-Deprived" and the "Non-Deprived" intervention.

In the evening after the night of the "Sleep-Deprived" and the "Non-Sleep Deprived" intervention, odor-evoked brain responses were collected using fMRI. fMRI data was analyzed using searchlight-based support vector machines and leave-one-run-out cross-validation to decode information about food vs. non-food odors. For each participant, this resulted in two maps of decoding accuracy (% data points correctly classified as food or non-food odors), one map per intervention. The measure of interest was decoding accuracy extracted from the piriform cortex.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Sleep-Deprived
n=25 Participants
Participants who were sleep-deprived in either the first or the second phase of the study.
Non-Sleep Deprived
n=25 Participants
Participants who were non-sleep deprived in either the first or the second phase of the study.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)-Based Decoding Accuracy of Food vs Non-food Odors in Piriform Cortex
54.38 Percentage correctly classified
Standard Error 0.81
49.65 Percentage correctly classified
Standard Error 0.68

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: A single time point, in the evening (~20 h) after both the night of the "Sleep-Deprived" and the "Non-Deprived" intervention.

Energy-density (kcal/g) of the food items consumed at the buffet provided after fMRI scanning in the evening after the night of the "Sleep-Deprived" and the "Non-Sleep Deprived" intervention.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Sleep-Deprived
n=25 Participants
Participants who were sleep-deprived in either the first or the second phase of the study.
Non-Sleep Deprived
n=25 Participants
Participants who were non-sleep deprived in either the first or the second phase of the study.
Energy-density of Consumed Food
3.88 kcal/g
Standard Error 0.12
3.68 kcal/g
Standard Error 0.11

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: A single time point, in the evening (~19.5 h) after both the night of the "Sleep-Deprived" and the "Non-Deprived" intervention.

Ghrelin levels in blood samples (ng/mL) collected in the evening after the night of the "Sleep-Deprived" and the "Non-Sleep Deprived" intervention.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Sleep-Deprived
n=25 Participants
Participants who were sleep-deprived in either the first or the second phase of the study.
Non-Sleep Deprived
n=25 Participants
Participants who were non-sleep deprived in either the first or the second phase of the study.
Ghrelin
584.33 ng/mL
Standard Error 42.78
573.47 ng/mL
Standard Error 38.23

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: A single time point, in the evening (~19.5 h) after both the night of the "Sleep-Deprived" and the "Non-Deprived" intervention.

Leptin levels in blood samples (ng/mL) collected in the evening after the night of the "Sleep-Deprived" and the "Non-Sleep Deprived" intervention.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Sleep-Deprived
n=25 Participants
Participants who were sleep-deprived in either the first or the second phase of the study.
Non-Sleep Deprived
n=25 Participants
Participants who were non-sleep deprived in either the first or the second phase of the study.
Leptin
10.19 ng/mL
Standard Error 1.58
9.68 ng/mL
Standard Error 1.53

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: A single time point, in the evening (~20 h) after both the night of the "Sleep-Deprived" and the "Non-Deprived" intervention.

Total calories (kcal) of the food items consumed at the buffet provided after fMRI scanning in the evening after the night of the "Sleep-Deprived" and the "Non-Sleep Deprived" intervention.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Sleep-Deprived
n=25 Participants
Participants who were sleep-deprived in either the first or the second phase of the study.
Non-Sleep Deprived
n=25 Participants
Participants who were non-sleep deprived in either the first or the second phase of the study.
Total Calories of Consumed Food
932.86 kcal
Standard Error 72.55
946.49 kcal
Standard Error 87.64

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: A single time point, in the evening (~19.5 h) after both the night of the "Sleep-Deprived" and the "Non-Deprived" intervention.

Insulin levels in blood samples (uU/mL) collected in the evening after the night of the "Sleep-Deprived" and the "Non-Sleep Deprived" intervention.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Sleep-Deprived
n=25 Participants
Participants who were sleep-deprived in either the first or the second phase of the study.
Non-Sleep Deprived
n=25 Participants
Participants who were non-sleep deprived in either the first or the second phase of the study.
Insulin
42.53 uU/mL
Standard Error 5.04
48.56 uU/mL
Standard Error 5.15

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: A single time point, in the evening (~19.5 h) after both the night of the "Sleep-Deprived" and the "Non-Deprived" intervention.

Cortisol levels in blood samples (ug/dl) collected in the evening after the night of the "Sleep-Deprived" and the "Non-Sleep Deprived" intervention.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Sleep-Deprived
n=25 Participants
Participants who were sleep-deprived in either the first or the second phase of the study.
Non-Sleep Deprived
n=25 Participants
Participants who were non-sleep deprived in either the first or the second phase of the study.
Cortisol
6.08 ug/dl
Standard Error 0.73
7.50 ug/dl
Standard Error 1.17

Adverse Events

Sleep-Deprived

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Non-Sleep Deprived

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Thorsten Kahnt

Northwestern University

Phone: 3125032896

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place