The Youth Opioid Recovery Support (YORS) Intervention

NCT ID: NCT04173416

Last Updated: 2025-09-24

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

150 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2020-02-17

Study Completion Date

2026-08-31

Brief Summary

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Youth are disproportionately affected by the current opioid crisis with catastrophic consequences, and young adults with opioid use disorder (OUD) often struggle with adherence to relapse prevention medications. The Youth Opioid Recovery Support (YORS) model is a promising, innovative, wrap-around approach that addresses barriers to medication adherence and treatment engagement in an effort to improve public health outcomes in this vulnerable young adult population. This study seeks to refine the YORS intervention through stakeholder input and pilot iterative testing followed by an efficacy randomized controlled trial. This project will significantly contribute to our knowledge base of practical strategies to address the opioid crisis.

Detailed Description

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Young people are disproportionately affected by the current opioid crisis including worse retention and outcomes compared to older adults. Further, young adults typically do not have access to medications for opioid use disorder (OUD), and for those that do, struggles with adherence are a major barrier. Standard approaches to treatment typically do not incorporate developmentally informed strategies for engagement, retention, and medication adherence for this special population.

The Youth Opioid Recovery Support (YORS) model is an innovative wrap-around approach that attempts to address barriers to treatment engagement in this vulnerable young adult population, especially difficulties with medication adherence. Its components include: (1) Home delivery of extended release naltrexone (XR-NTX) for OUD; (2) Engagement of families in collaborative treatment planning and monitoring focusing on medication adherence; (3) Assertive outreach from the treatment team including actively tracking and communicating with youth and families by text messaging and social media to promote engagement and adherence; and (4) Contingency management to provide incentives for medication adherence. YORS is currently showing very promising results in a small pilot randomized clinical trial (RCT) by the investigative team.

The investigators propose to refine and then conduct a more definitive test of the YORS intervention for youth with OUD. In the first phase the investigators will conduct stakeholder focus groups to get input and feedback on potential refinements, while also conducting 3 cycles of pilot testing of these potential refinements. Based on the preparation and final synthesis of the intervention refinements, in the second phase the investigators will conduct an RCT to test the efficacy of YORS, by randomizing N=120 young adults ages 18-26 seeking treatment for OUD with XR-NTX at Mountain Manor Treatment Center (MMTC), to either the refined YORS intervention or treatment as usual (TAU) for a 6-month course of treatment with XR-NTX.

The primary outcome will be number of XR-NTX doses received. Secondary outcomes will include opioid relapse, days of opioid use, time to first opioid relapse, HIV risk behaviors, criminal behaviors, psychiatric symptoms, and family member distress and self-efficacy. It is hypothesized that participants in the YORS condition will receive significantly more XR-NTX doses and will demonstrate less severe opioid use and associated behaviors compared to those in the TAU group. The assertive YORS intervention has the potential to improve the real-world effectiveness and public health impact of medication for OUD in this very high-risk, vulnerable population. If the refined YORS intervention is found to be efficacious, it would set the stage for future work including: an economic analysis, a larger multi-site study, longer intervention duration, study of extended release buprenorphine, and study of step-down to less intensive interventions.

Conditions

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Opioid-use Disorder Medication Adherence

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

SINGLE_GROUP

Phase 1 of the study (years 1-2) will include a single group, open-label, intervention only arm. After iterative cycles of testing and refinement, we will proceed with a parallel group RCT in Phase 2 of the study (years 3-5).
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Youth Opioid Recovery Support (YORS)

The Youth Opioid Recovery Support (YORS) model is an innovative wrap-around approach that attempts to address barriers to treatment engagement in this vulnerable young adult population, especially difficulties with medication adherence. Its components include: (1) Home delivery of extended release naltrexone (XR-NTX) for OUD; (2) Engagement of families in collaborative treatment planning and monitoring focusing on medication adherence; (3) Assertive outreach from the treatment team including actively tracking and communicating with youth and families by text messaging and social media to promote engagement and adherence; and (4) Contingency management to provide incentives for medication adherence.

The specific components of YORS will be refined and adapted based on feedback from interviews and focus groups with various stakeholders. However, the basic framework outlined above is expected to persists.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Youth Opioid Recovery Support (YORS)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

The Youth Opioid Recovery Support (YORS) model is an innovative wrap-around approach that attempts to address barriers to treatment engagement in this vulnerable young adult population, especially difficulties with medication adherence. Its components include: (1) Home delivery of extended release naltrexone (XR-NTX) for OUD; (2) Engagement of families in collaborative treatment planning and monitoring focusing on medication adherence; (3) Assertive outreach from the treatment team including actively tracking and communicating with youth and families by text messaging and social media to promote engagement and adherence; and (4) Contingency management to provide incentives for medication adherence.

Treatment As Usual

TAU will contain patients who will be receiving treatment for opioid use disorder through their usual venues without the family engagement, assertive outreach, contingency management, and home delivery of medication. This often includes a referral and warm hand off to intensive outpatient SUD services and/or mental health care.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Youth Opioid Recovery Support (YORS)

The Youth Opioid Recovery Support (YORS) model is an innovative wrap-around approach that attempts to address barriers to treatment engagement in this vulnerable young adult population, especially difficulties with medication adherence. Its components include: (1) Home delivery of extended release naltrexone (XR-NTX) for OUD; (2) Engagement of families in collaborative treatment planning and monitoring focusing on medication adherence; (3) Assertive outreach from the treatment team including actively tracking and communicating with youth and families by text messaging and social media to promote engagement and adherence; and (4) Contingency management to provide incentives for medication adherence.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Age 18-28
* OUD diagnosis
* Willing (intending) to receive treatment with XR-NTX or XR-BUP under the care of a MTC physician/nurse practitioner
* Willingness to designate family member (or other suitable treatment significant other) for treatment involvement (i.e., a treatment significant other; TSO)

Exclusion Criteria

* Psychiatric or medical instability (e.g., suicidality, psychosis, Sickle Cell disease with frequent crises) that would preclude participation in the trial
* Living situation (location greater than 75 miles from the center, homelessness) that would preclude participation in the trial
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

28 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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National Institutes of Health (NIH)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

Friends Research Institute, Inc.

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

Potomac Health Foundations

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Marc Fishman, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Maryland Treatment Centers

Locations

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Mountain Manor Treatment Center

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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United States

Central Contacts

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Marc Fishman, MD

Role: CONTACT

410-233-1400

Kevin Wenzel, PhD

Role: CONTACT

410-233-1400

Facility Contacts

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Kevin Wenzel, PhD

Role: primary

4102331400 ext. 261

Marc Fishman, MD

Role: backup

4102331400 ext. 130

Other Identifiers

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R61AT010614

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

R61AT010614

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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