NIH R01 Friend to Friend With Coaching

NCT ID: NCT04164472

Last Updated: 2025-11-10

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

5250 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-11-12

Study Completion Date

2025-06-30

Brief Summary

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This study examines the effectiveness of the Friend to Friend (F2F) program when conducted by teachers and counselors with active coaching from the research team. The project involves 14 small group sessions for relationally aggressive girls and 8 classroom sessions. Students, teachers, counselors and parents at intervention and control schools fill out pre- and post- program questionnaires.

Detailed Description

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This study takes a proven effective program (Friend to Friend) that was initially run by the research team in a clinical trial and examines for the first time its effectiveness when conducted by teachers and counselors with active coaching from the research team. The primary target population for this study will be 4th-5th grade relationally aggressive girls. In intervention schools, these girls will participate in Friend to Friend with Coaching (14 small group sessions, 8 classroom sessions and additional pre- and post- program questionnaires).

In both intervention and control schools all 4th-5th grade students (boys and girls) will participate in a screening measure to identify the relational aggressors and pre- and post-program questionnaires. Counselors and 4th-5th grade teachers in both conditions will participate in pre/post questionnaires and will also participate in training, coaching, the small group intervention and classroom sessions in intervention schools.

These procedures will be repeated with new students in 5 of the F2F with Coaching schools the following school year, except that the research team will provide minimal coaching to staff running the intervention in year 2.

Conditions

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Aggression

Keywords

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Relational Aggression Aggression Indicated intervention Universal prevention School-based Urban

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Randomized clinical trial
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Friend to Friend with Coaching

Program for relationally aggressive girls and their classmates delivered by school personnel who have been coached by study team.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Friend to Friend (F2F) with Coaching

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Friend to Friend (F2F) with Coaching has 14 small group sessions and 8 classroom sessions as led by school staff with coaching from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) research team. The program aims to improve problem solving and prosocial behaviors, and decrease aggressive behaviors.

Control

Referral to school counselor as needed as per standard practice.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Friend to Friend (F2F) with Coaching

Friend to Friend (F2F) with Coaching has 14 small group sessions and 8 classroom sessions as led by school staff with coaching from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) research team. The program aims to improve problem solving and prosocial behaviors, and decrease aggressive behaviors.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Urban school from the School District of Philadelphia
2. Predominately minority student body (\> 80%)
3. Relatively large school with at least 2 classrooms per grade
4. School is not currently involved in a systematic anti-aggression or bullying prevention program
5. School must have at least 1 school counselor who is interested in participating

1. All boys and girls in regular education 4th-5th grade classrooms will be eligible to participate in screening and outcome assessment activities.
2. Screening will include a peer-rating procedure that will be utilized to identify girls with relational aggression (GRAs).
3. GRAs will be based on if they score \> .50 of a Standard Deviation above mean on relational aggression on the peer-rating measure. These identified girls will be recruited (with written parent consent and student assent) to participate in the F2F with Coaching or control condition.

1\) All parents of students in regular education 4th-5th grade classrooms will be eligible to participate in outcome assessment activities. Starting in year 4, parent recruitment will focus on parents of indicated girls.

1. Teachers/counselors employed by the participating school sites who provide their verbal consent for participation.
2. Teachers/counselors who currently teach and/or provide services to students in 4th-5th grade.


1. 4th grade boys and girls who meet the same criteria as described in Aim 1.
2. Similar to Aim 1, a peer rating procedure will be used to identify girls with relational aggression (GRAs) and prosocial role models.

Exclusion Criteria

1\) Students who do not speak English. 2) Students whose parents do not speak English or one of the foreign languages into which the Parent Information Sheet for Child Participation has been translated (who therefore cannot opt their child in or out of the study in an informed manner).

3\) Special education students who are not integrated within the regular education classroom.

4\) In intervention schools, boys are excluded from the F2F small group intervention, however, as noted above, all boys will participate in the class portion of the program. Boys in both conditions will complete screening and outcome assessment activities.

1\) Parents who do not speak English or one of the foreign languages into which the Parent Information Sheet for Parent Participation and parent questionnaires have been translated.

2\) Parents of students in special education who are not integrated within the regular education classroom.

1. Teachers/counselors who do not speak English.
2. Teachers/counselors who are not working with 4th-5th grade students at the participating school sites.



1\) Same as Aim 1.
Minimum Eligible Age

7 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Locations

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Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Leff SS, Paskewich BS, Waasdorp TE, Waanders C, Bevans KB, Jawad AF. Friend to Friend: A Randomized Trial for Urban African American Relationally Aggressive Girls. Psychol Violence. 2015 Oct;5(4):433-443. doi: 10.1037/a0039724.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30079272 (View on PubMed)

Leff SS, Waasdorp TE, Paskewich BS. The Broader Impact of Friend to Friend (F2F): Effects on Teacher-Student Relationships, Prosocial Behaviors, and Relationally and Physically Aggressive Behaviors. Behav Modif. 2016 Jul;40(4):589-610. doi: 10.1177/0145445516650879. Epub 2016 May 23.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27222262 (View on PubMed)

Leff SS, Gullan RL, Paskewich BS, Abdul-Kabir S, Jawad AF, Grossman M, Munro MA, Power TJ. An initial evaluation of a culturally adapted social problem-solving and relational aggression prevention program for urban African-American relationally aggressive girls. J Prev Interv Community. 2009;37(4):260-74. doi: 10.1080/10852350903196274.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19830622 (View on PubMed)

Crick NR, Dodge KA. Social information-processing mechanisms in reactive and proactive aggression. Child Dev. 1996 Jun;67(3):993-1002.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8706540 (View on PubMed)

Crick NR, Grotpeter JK. Relational aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment. Child Dev. 1995 Jun;66(3):710-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00900.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 7789197 (View on PubMed)

Mehari KR, Waasdorp TE, Leff SS. Measuring Relational and Overt Aggression by Peer Report: A Comparison of Peer Nominations and Peer Ratings. J Sch Violence. 2019;18(3):362-374. doi: 10.1080/15388220.2018.1504684. Epub 2018 Aug 23.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31462897 (View on PubMed)

Reynolds, C. R., & Kamphaus, R. W. (2004). BASC-2: Behavior assessment system for children. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Pianta, R. C., & Stuhlman, M. W. (2004). Teacher-child relationships and children's success in the first years of school. School Psychology Review, 33, 444-458.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Leadbeater BJ, Thompson K, Sukhawathanakul P. Enhancing Social Responsibility and Prosocial Leadership to Prevent Aggression, Peer Victimization, and Emotional Problems in Elementary School Children. Am J Community Psychol. 2016 Dec;58(3-4):365-376. doi: 10.1002/ajcp.12092. Epub 2016 Sep 30.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27686887 (View on PubMed)

Crick NR. The role of overt aggression, relational aggression, and prosocial behavior in the prediction of children's future social adjustment. Child Dev. 1996 Oct;67(5):2317-27.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9022243 (View on PubMed)

Domitrovich CE, Bradshaw CP, Poduska JM, Hoagwood K, Buckley JA, Olin S, Romanelli LH, Leaf PJ, Greenberg MT, Ialongo NS. Maximizing the Implementation Quality of Evidence-Based Preventive Interventions in Schools: A Conceptual Framework. Adv Sch Ment Health Promot. 2008 Jul;1(3):6-28. doi: 10.1080/1754730x.2008.9715730.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27182282 (View on PubMed)

Bosworth, K., & Espelage, D. (1995). Teen conflict survey. Bloomington, IN: Center for Adolescent Studies, Indiana University.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Multisite Violence Prevention Project. (2004). Description of measures: Cohort-wide student survey. Available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Atlanta, GA. (Unpublished).

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Leff SS, Crick NR, Angelucci J, Haye K, Jawad AF, Grossman M, Power TJ. Social cognition in context: validating a cartoon-based attributional measure for urban girls. Child Dev. 2006 Sep-Oct;77(5):1351-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00939.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16999803 (View on PubMed)

Leff SS, Cassano M, MacEvoy JP, Costigan T. Initial validation of a knowledge-based measure of social information processing and anger management. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2010 Oct;38(7):1007-20. doi: 10.1007/s10802-010-9419-9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20449645 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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1R01HD094833-01A1

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

18-015582

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id