Bilateral Pecto Intercostal Fascial Plane Block After Open Heart Surgeries
NCT ID: NCT04134637
Last Updated: 2020-12-19
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
70 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2019-10-01
2020-12-01
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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The pain following cardiac surgery is mainly attributed to sternotomy, with its peak during the first two days after the operation. Poststernotomy pain is not well tolerated by patients and may be accompanied by adverse postoperative events including delirium, hypertension, tachycardia, arrhythmia, respiratory complications, and persistent postsurgical pain.
Commonly pain management after cardiac surgery has been achieved using opiate analgesics. However, opiates have some dose-related side-effects such as nausea, constipation, vomiting, dizziness, mental confusion and respiratory depression, which may influence patient recovery and may delay discharge after surgery.
The pecto-intercostal fascial block (PIFB) was recently introduced by de la Torre et al for anesthesia during breast surgery. Local anesthetic is infiltrated into the interfascial plane separating pectoralis major and the intercostal muscles lateral to the sternum to anesthetize the anterior cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves.
The pecto-intercostal fascial plane block can cover anterior branches of the intercostal nerves from the 2nd to 6th dermatomes with a single injection bilaterally, same as the transversus thoracic muscle plane block .
anesthetic management: All patients will be preoperatively examined and investigated by complete blood count, coagulation profile, renal and kidney functions and electrolytes. Electrocardiography, chest x ray and echocardiography will be routinely done. Coronary angiography and carotid arterial duplex will be requested in patients prepared for CABG.
Patient will be premedicated by intramuscular injection of 10mg morphine in the morning of the operation. Before induction of anesthesia, a five-lead electrocardiography system will be applied to monitor heart rate, rhythm, and ST segments (leads II and V5). A pulse oximeter probe will be attached, and a peripheral venous cannula will be placed. For measurement of arterial pressure and blood sampling, a 20 G cannula will be inserted into either right or left radial artery under local anesthesia. General anesthesia will be induced by midazolam 2-5 mg, fentanyl (10 μg/kg), propofol (3-4mg/Kg), followed by atracurium (0.5 mg/kg).
Trachea will be intubated, patients will be mechanically ventilated with oxygen in air so as to achieve normocarbia. This will be confirmed by radial arterial blood gas analysis. An esophageal temperature probe and a Foley catheter will also be placed.
For drug infusion, a triple-lumen central venous catheter will be inserted via the right internal jugular vein.
Anesthesia will be maintained by inhaled Isoflurane 0.4 to 1% and atracurium infusion at a rate of 0.5 mg/kg/h for continued muscle relaxation. During extracorporeal circulation, patients will receive propofol infusion at a rate of 100-200 mg/h in addition to atracurium infusion.
Before initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), the patients will receive intravenously tranexamic acid (2 g) and heparin (300-500 units/kg body weight) to achieve an activated clotting time \> 480 s. CPB will be instituted via an ascending aortic cannula and a two-stage right atrial cannula. Before, during, and after CPB (pump blood flow: 2.4 l/min/m2), mean arterial pressure will be adjusted to exceed 60 mmHg. Cardiac arrest will be induced with cold antegrade blood cardioplegia or warm intermittent antegrade crystalloid cardioplegia. Lactate-enriched Ringer's solution will be added to the CPB circuit to maintain reservoir volume when needed, and packed red blood cells will be added when hemoglobin concentration decrease to less than 7 g/dl.
After rewarming the patient to 37°C and separation from CPB, reversal of heparin by protamine sulfate (1:1), and sternal closure will be achieved.
All patients then will be shifted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after the surgery and managed with the institution's ICU protocol for postoperative pain management and ventilation. The postoperative analgesia protocol involves the use of intravenous morphine or morphine equivalent dose of 5to 10 mg/kg bolus as required. Criteria for administration will be signs of sympathetic stimulation in the form of undue tachycardia, a rise in mean arterial pressure (rise of \>20% from the baseline).
Tracheal extubation will be performed when the patient met the following criteria: awake/arousable, hemodynamically stable, no active bleeding, warm peripheries, and satisfactory arterial blood gas with an FiO2 \< 0.5,pressure support on ventilator reduced to 10 Cm H2O,Positive End Expiratory Pressure 5-7 CmH2O, no electrolyte abnormalities, minimal inotropic support, or no escalation in inotropic support.
Statistical analysis Sample size was calculated using (G power version 3). Minimal sample size of patients was 31 in each group needed to get power level 0.90, alpha level 0.05 and 30% as a difference between the two groups in the morphine consumption after the intervention. To overcome problem of loss of follow up, calculated sample size was increased by 10% to reach 35 in each group.
Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
PREVENTION
TRIPLE
Study Groups
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PIFB group
For carrying out PIFB bilaterally the skin on either side of the sternum will be prepared with povidone iodine solution. Then a linear ultrasound probe will be placed on the right and left sides at 2 cm from the sternal body.
A 22 gauge, 4 inch needle will be advanced until contacting the 4th costal cartilage following the lower edge of US probe, directing the tip from the bottom of the sternum and positioning the needle tip between the pectoralis major and the external intercostal muscles. Group A will receive twenty milliliters of a solution of 0.25% bupivacaine plus epinephrine (5 mcg/ml). Boluses of 5 ml are introduced to perform hydrodissection of the interfascial plane.
ultrasound
in the PIFB group linear ultrasound (Philips clear vue350,Philips healthcare,Andover MAO1810,USA,Machine Identification number:1385,Nile medical center,[email protected]) probe will be used.
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride 5 MG/ML
twenty milliliters of a solution of 0.25% bupivacaine in the PIFB group
control group
the block will not be given
No interventions assigned to this group
Interventions
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ultrasound
in the PIFB group linear ultrasound (Philips clear vue350,Philips healthcare,Andover MAO1810,USA,Machine Identification number:1385,Nile medical center,[email protected]) probe will be used.
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride 5 MG/ML
twenty milliliters of a solution of 0.25% bupivacaine in the PIFB group
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria
* Allergy to drug used.
* Patients with prolonged Cardio-Pulmonary Bypass time (\>120 min).
* Preoperative poor left ventricular function (ejection fraction \<40%).
* Body Mass Index \>40.
* Systemic infections or infections at site of injection.
* Prolonged ICU stay over 24 hours for different reasons i.e.re-do surgery, heart failure etc.
18 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Fayoum University Hospital
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Mohamed Ahmed Hamed
lecturer of anesthesia and intensive care
Principal Investigators
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Maged L Boules, MD
Role: STUDY_CHAIR
Faculty of medicine, Fayoum university
Mohamed A Hamed, MD
Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
Faculty of medicine, Fayoum university
Locations
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Fayoum university hospital
Al Fayyum, , Egypt
Countries
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References
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Huang AP, Sakata RK. [Pain after sternotomy - review]. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2016 Jul-Aug;66(4):395-401. doi: 10.1016/j.bjan.2014.09.003. Epub 2015 Mar 18. Portuguese.
Mazzeffi M, Khelemsky Y. Poststernotomy pain: a clinical review. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2011 Dec;25(6):1163-78. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2011.08.001. Epub 2011 Sep 29. No abstract available.
Chandrakantan A, Glass PS. Multimodal therapies for postoperative nausea and vomiting, and pain. Br J Anaesth. 2011 Dec;107 Suppl 1:i27-40. doi: 10.1093/bja/aer358.
Del Buono R, Costa F, Agro FE. Parasternal, Pecto-intercostal, Pecs, and Transverse Thoracic Muscle Plane Blocks: A Rose by Any Other Name Would Smell as Sweet. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016 Nov/Dec;41(6):791-792. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000464. No abstract available.
Ohgoshi Y, Ino K, Matsukawa M. Ultrasound-guided parasternal intercostal nerve block. J Anesth. 2016 Oct;30(5):916. doi: 10.1007/s00540-016-2202-5. Epub 2016 Jun 20. No abstract available.
Other Identifiers
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D178
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id