Trial Outcomes & Findings for Increasing the Temporal Window in Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder (NCT NCT04125238)
NCT ID: NCT04125238
Last Updated: 2026-01-23
Results Overview
DD rates were measured using an adjusting amount task where participants were presented with hypothetical choices between smaller immediate or larger later amounts of money after a range of delays (1 day-25 years). Individual indifference points were calculated for each delay and then used to estimate DD rates for each participant using Mazur's (1987) equation: V = A/(1+kD), where V is the value of the indifference point, A is the amount of the larger delayed reward, k is the discounting rate, and D is the delay. Discounting rates (k) were then natural-logarithmically transformed (ln(k)). Higher ln(k) indicates steeper discounting and greater reward devaluation with increases in delay, while a lower ln(k) reflects shallower discounting and less reward devaluation with increases in delay. Change in ln(k) will be compared within-subjects between S1 and S2, AND between S1 and S3.
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
154 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
Pre-intervention (S1; baseline measures; Day 1), Post 1st cue generation: S2 (occurs up to 7 days post S1 in Study 1 and 2-3 weeks post S1 in Study 2), and Post 2nd cue generation: S3 (occurs up to 7 days post S2 in Study 1 and 2 weeks post S2 in Study 2)
Results posted on
2026-01-23
Participant Flow
Study 1: 38 participants signed consent and enrolled in Study 1. Study 2: 116 participants signed consent and enrolled in Study 2. Two of those participants were pilots. Furthermore, randomization occurred after a 7-day baseline period, and only participants who met the study's baseline criteria were invited to continue and assigned to groups. Therefore, out of the 114 non-pilot participants enrolled, 64 were randomized. Only randomized participants (n=64) are included in the numbers below.
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Episodic Future Thinking (EFT) - Study 1
Participants will generate positive future events they are looking forward to at five time points in the future (1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 1 year, 5 years, and 25 years). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Episodic Future Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive future events.
|
Control Episodic Thinking (CET) - Study 1
Participants will generate positive recent past events that have happened to them at five time points in the recent past (last night from 7pm-10pm, yesterday between 4pm-7pm, yesterday between 1pm-4pm, yesterday from 10am-12pm, yesterday between 7am-10am, the night before last between 7pm-10pm, and evening before last between 4pm-7pm). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Control Episodic Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive recent past events.
|
Episodic Future Thinking (EFT) - Study 2
Participants will generate positive future events they are looking forward to at five time points in the future (1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 1 year, 5 years, and 25 years). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Episodic Future Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive future events.
|
Control Episodic Thinking (CET) - Study 2
Participants will generate positive recent past events that have happened to them at five time points in the recent past (last night from 7pm-10pm, yesterday between 4pm-7pm, yesterday between 1pm-4pm, yesterday from 10am-12pm, yesterday between 7am-10am, the night before last between 7pm-10pm, and evening before last between 4pm-7pm). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Control Episodic Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive recent past events.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
20
|
18
|
34
|
30
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
16
|
12
|
28
|
24
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
4
|
6
|
6
|
6
|
Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
Increasing the Temporal Window in Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Episodic Future Thinking (EFT) - Study 1
n=20 Participants
Participants will generate positive future events they are looking forward to at five time points in the future (1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 1 year, 5 years, and 25 years). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Episodic Future Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive future events.
|
Control Episodic Thinking (CET) - Study 1
n=18 Participants
Participants will generate positive recent past events that have happened to them at five time points in the recent past (last night from 7pm-10pm, yesterday between 4pm-7pm, yesterday between 1pm-4pm, yesterday from 10am-12pm, yesterday between 7am-10am, the night before last between 7pm-10pm, and evening before last between 4pm-7pm). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Control Episodic Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive recent past events.
|
Episodic Future Thinking (EFT) - Study 2
n=34 Participants
Participants will generate positive future events they are looking forward to at five time points in the future (1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 1 year, 5 years, and 25 years). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Episodic Future Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive future events.
|
Control Episodic Thinking (CET) - Study 2
n=30 Participants
Participants will generate positive recent past events that have happened to them at five time points in the recent past (last night from 7pm-10pm, yesterday between 4pm-7pm, yesterday between 1pm-4pm, yesterday from 10am-12pm, yesterday between 7am-10am, the night before last between 7pm-10pm, and evening before last between 4pm-7pm). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Control Episodic Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive recent past events.
|
Total
n=102 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Continuous
|
35.7 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.95 • n=270 Participants
|
42.4 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.96 • n=4 Participants
|
39.74 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.52 • n=9 Participants
|
35.7 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.35 • n=220 Participants
|
39.3 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.9 • n=3 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
6 Participants
n=270 Participants
|
8 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
12 Participants
n=9 Participants
|
13 Participants
n=220 Participants
|
39 Participants
n=3 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
14 Participants
n=270 Participants
|
10 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
22 Participants
n=9 Participants
|
17 Participants
n=220 Participants
|
63 Participants
n=3 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
|
1 Participants
n=270 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=9 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=220 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=3 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
|
19 Participants
n=270 Participants
|
18 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
32 Participants
n=9 Participants
|
28 Participants
n=220 Participants
|
97 Participants
n=3 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=270 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=220 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=3 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Pre-intervention (S1; baseline measures; Day 1), Post 1st cue generation: S2 (occurs up to 7 days post S1 in Study 1 and 2-3 weeks post S1 in Study 2), and Post 2nd cue generation: S3 (occurs up to 7 days post S2 in Study 1 and 2 weeks post S2 in Study 2)Population: Only participants who completed both cue generation sessions were included in the analyses.
DD rates were measured using an adjusting amount task where participants were presented with hypothetical choices between smaller immediate or larger later amounts of money after a range of delays (1 day-25 years). Individual indifference points were calculated for each delay and then used to estimate DD rates for each participant using Mazur's (1987) equation: V = A/(1+kD), where V is the value of the indifference point, A is the amount of the larger delayed reward, k is the discounting rate, and D is the delay. Discounting rates (k) were then natural-logarithmically transformed (ln(k)). Higher ln(k) indicates steeper discounting and greater reward devaluation with increases in delay, while a lower ln(k) reflects shallower discounting and less reward devaluation with increases in delay. Change in ln(k) will be compared within-subjects between S1 and S2, AND between S1 and S3.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Episodic Future Thinking (EFT)
n=16 Participants
Participants will generate positive future events they are looking forward to at five time points in the future (1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 1 year, 5 years, and 25 years). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Episodic Future Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive future events.
|
Control Episodic Thinking (CET)
n=11 Participants
Participants will generate positive recent past events that have happened to them at five time points in the recent past (last night from 7pm-10pm, yesterday between 4pm-7pm, yesterday between 1pm-4pm, yesterday from 10am-12pm, yesterday between 7am-10am, the night before last between 7pm-10pm, and evening before last between 4pm-7pm). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Control Episodic Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive recent past events.
|
Episodic Future Thinking (EFT) - Study 2
n=31 Participants
Participants will generate positive future events they are looking forward to at five time points in the future (1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 1 year, 5 years, and 25 years). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Episodic Future Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive future events.
|
Control Episodic Thinking (CET) - Study 2
n=26 Participants
Participants will generate positive recent past events that have happened to them at five time points in the recent past (last night from 7pm-10pm, yesterday between 4pm-7pm, yesterday between 1pm-4pm, yesterday from 10am-12pm, yesterday between 7am-10am, the night before last between 7pm-10pm, and evening before last between 4pm-7pm). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Control Episodic Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive recent past events.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Delay Discounting (DD) Rates (Studies 1 and 2)
Pre-intervention
|
-5.33 ln(K-value)
Standard Error 0.44
|
-6.03 ln(K-value)
Standard Error 0.41
|
-4.94 ln(K-value)
Standard Error 0.44
|
-5.79 ln(K-value)
Standard Error 0.49
|
|
Delay Discounting (DD) Rates (Studies 1 and 2)
Post 1st cue gen
|
-6.72 ln(K-value)
Standard Error 0.65
|
-5.94 ln(K-value)
Standard Error 0.55
|
-6.41 ln(K-value)
Standard Error 0.39
|
-5.1 ln(K-value)
Standard Error 0.45
|
|
Delay Discounting (DD) Rates (Studies 1 and 2)
Post 2nd cue gen
|
-6.61 ln(K-value)
Standard Error 0.50
|
-5.75 ln(K-value)
Standard Error 0.38
|
-6.54 ln(K-value)
Standard Error 0.40
|
-5.28 ln(K-value)
Standard Error 0.59
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Pre-intervention (S1; baseline measure; Day 1), Post 1st cue generation, (S2; approximately 2 weeks post S1), and Post 2nd cue generation (S3; approximately 2 weeks post S2 and 4 weeks post S1)Population: Only participants who completed both cue generation sessions were included in the analyses.
Participants completed a hypothetical Alcohol Purchase Task in which they indicated how many drinks they would purchase at different prices ($0 to $80 per drink). The number of drinks purchased at $0 was used to calculate the intensity of demand. Changes in intensity of alcohol demand were compared within-subjects between S1 and S2, AND between S1 and S3.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Episodic Future Thinking (EFT)
n=31 Participants
Participants will generate positive future events they are looking forward to at five time points in the future (1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 1 year, 5 years, and 25 years). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Episodic Future Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive future events.
|
Control Episodic Thinking (CET)
n=26 Participants
Participants will generate positive recent past events that have happened to them at five time points in the recent past (last night from 7pm-10pm, yesterday between 4pm-7pm, yesterday between 1pm-4pm, yesterday from 10am-12pm, yesterday between 7am-10am, the night before last between 7pm-10pm, and evening before last between 4pm-7pm). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Control Episodic Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive recent past events.
|
Episodic Future Thinking (EFT) - Study 2
Participants will generate positive future events they are looking forward to at five time points in the future (1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 1 year, 5 years, and 25 years). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Episodic Future Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive future events.
|
Control Episodic Thinking (CET) - Study 2
Participants will generate positive recent past events that have happened to them at five time points in the recent past (last night from 7pm-10pm, yesterday between 4pm-7pm, yesterday between 1pm-4pm, yesterday from 10am-12pm, yesterday between 7am-10am, the night before last between 7pm-10pm, and evening before last between 4pm-7pm). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Control Episodic Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive recent past events.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Intensity of Alcohol Demand (Study 2)
S1
|
11.19 Drinks
Standard Deviation 5.98
|
15.04 Drinks
Standard Deviation 9.79
|
—
|
—
|
|
Intensity of Alcohol Demand (Study 2)
S2
|
11.22 Drinks
Standard Deviation 7.23
|
14.27 Drinks
Standard Deviation 6.81
|
—
|
—
|
|
Intensity of Alcohol Demand (Study 2)
S3
|
10.87 Drinks
Standard Deviation 7.17
|
14.65 Drinks
Standard Deviation 10.14
|
—
|
—
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Self-Administration session will occur at either Session 2 or Session 3 based on counterbalance assignment. S2 occurs up to 7 days post S1 and S3 occurs up to 7 days post S2.Population: Only participants who completed the Self-Administration session were included in the analysis.
The number of alcoholic beverages purchased/consumed during the self-administration session will be recorded. The average number of drinks consumed will be compared between groups.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Episodic Future Thinking (EFT)
n=16 Participants
Participants will generate positive future events they are looking forward to at five time points in the future (1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 1 year, 5 years, and 25 years). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Episodic Future Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive future events.
|
Control Episodic Thinking (CET)
n=12 Participants
Participants will generate positive recent past events that have happened to them at five time points in the recent past (last night from 7pm-10pm, yesterday between 4pm-7pm, yesterday between 1pm-4pm, yesterday from 10am-12pm, yesterday between 7am-10am, the night before last between 7pm-10pm, and evening before last between 4pm-7pm). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Control Episodic Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive recent past events.
|
Episodic Future Thinking (EFT) - Study 2
Participants will generate positive future events they are looking forward to at five time points in the future (1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 1 year, 5 years, and 25 years). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Episodic Future Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive future events.
|
Control Episodic Thinking (CET) - Study 2
Participants will generate positive recent past events that have happened to them at five time points in the recent past (last night from 7pm-10pm, yesterday between 4pm-7pm, yesterday between 1pm-4pm, yesterday from 10am-12pm, yesterday between 7am-10am, the night before last between 7pm-10pm, and evening before last between 4pm-7pm). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Control Episodic Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive recent past events.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
In-Laboratory Alcohol Consumption (Study 1)
|
4.81 Drinks
Standard Deviation 2.81
|
5.25 Drinks
Standard Deviation 3.22
|
—
|
—
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: fMRI session occurred at either Session 2 or Session 3 based on counterbalance assignment. S2 occurred up to 7 days post S1 and S3 occurred up to 7 days post S2.Population: Only participants who completed the fMRI scan and showed acceptable motion and no artifacts were analyzed.
Measured using fMRI during delay discounting task. Whole-brain PPI analysis of right DLPFC between EFT and CET participants. We examined the number of participants whose Right DLPFC was negatively correlated with their Left DLPFC after the intervention. We hypothesize that AUD leads to hyperconnectivity (positive correlations) between these two regions as a compensatory decision-making mechanism, and that EFT should reduce or reverse this connectivity relationship
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Episodic Future Thinking (EFT)
n=15 Participants
Participants will generate positive future events they are looking forward to at five time points in the future (1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 1 year, 5 years, and 25 years). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Episodic Future Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive future events.
|
Control Episodic Thinking (CET)
n=9 Participants
Participants will generate positive recent past events that have happened to them at five time points in the recent past (last night from 7pm-10pm, yesterday between 4pm-7pm, yesterday between 1pm-4pm, yesterday from 10am-12pm, yesterday between 7am-10am, the night before last between 7pm-10pm, and evening before last between 4pm-7pm). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Control Episodic Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive recent past events.
|
Episodic Future Thinking (EFT) - Study 2
Participants will generate positive future events they are looking forward to at five time points in the future (1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 1 year, 5 years, and 25 years). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Episodic Future Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive future events.
|
Control Episodic Thinking (CET) - Study 2
Participants will generate positive recent past events that have happened to them at five time points in the recent past (last night from 7pm-10pm, yesterday between 4pm-7pm, yesterday between 1pm-4pm, yesterday from 10am-12pm, yesterday between 7am-10am, the night before last between 7pm-10pm, and evening before last between 4pm-7pm). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Control Episodic Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive recent past events.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
fMRI Hyper-connectivity Decrease During Delay Discounting (Study 1)
|
14 Participants
|
0 Participants
|
—
|
—
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: fMRI session occurred at either Session 2 or Session 3 based on counterbalance assignment. S2 occurred up to 7 days post S1 and S3 occurred up to 7 days post S2.Population: Only participants who completed the fMRI scan and showed acceptable motion and no artifacts were analyzed.
Measured using fMRI during the alcohol purchase task. Whole-brain PPI analysis of right DLPFC between EFT and CET participants. We examined the number of participants whose Right DLPFC was negatively correlated with their Left DLPFC after the intervention. We hypothesize that AUD leads to hyperconnectivity (positive correlations) between these two regions as a compensatory decision-making mechanism, and that EFT should reduce or reverse this connectivity relationship
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Episodic Future Thinking (EFT)
n=15 Participants
Participants will generate positive future events they are looking forward to at five time points in the future (1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 1 year, 5 years, and 25 years). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Episodic Future Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive future events.
|
Control Episodic Thinking (CET)
n=9 Participants
Participants will generate positive recent past events that have happened to them at five time points in the recent past (last night from 7pm-10pm, yesterday between 4pm-7pm, yesterday between 1pm-4pm, yesterday from 10am-12pm, yesterday between 7am-10am, the night before last between 7pm-10pm, and evening before last between 4pm-7pm). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Control Episodic Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive recent past events.
|
Episodic Future Thinking (EFT) - Study 2
Participants will generate positive future events they are looking forward to at five time points in the future (1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 1 year, 5 years, and 25 years). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Episodic Future Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive future events.
|
Control Episodic Thinking (CET) - Study 2
Participants will generate positive recent past events that have happened to them at five time points in the recent past (last night from 7pm-10pm, yesterday between 4pm-7pm, yesterday between 1pm-4pm, yesterday from 10am-12pm, yesterday between 7am-10am, the night before last between 7pm-10pm, and evening before last between 4pm-7pm). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Control Episodic Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive recent past events.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
fMRI Hyper-connectivity Decrease During Alcohol Purchase Task (Study 1)
|
0 Participants
|
0 Participants
|
—
|
—
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Daily during Pre-intervention (week 1); Post 1st cue generation (weeks 2-3); and Post 2nd cue generation (weeks 4-5).Population: Only participants who completed the entire intervention (all 5 weeks) were included in this analysis.
Participants self-reported the number of drinks consumed per day via a mobile app during the first five weeks of the study. The first week measured baseline drinking (Pre-intervention), weeks 2-3 measured drinking after the first cue generation (Post 1st cue generation), and weeks 4-5 measured drinking after the second cue generation (Post 2nd cue generation) The number of drinks per day was compared within-subjects and between groups (EFT and CET).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Episodic Future Thinking (EFT)
n=30 Participants
Participants will generate positive future events they are looking forward to at five time points in the future (1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 1 year, 5 years, and 25 years). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Episodic Future Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive future events.
|
Control Episodic Thinking (CET)
n=24 Participants
Participants will generate positive recent past events that have happened to them at five time points in the recent past (last night from 7pm-10pm, yesterday between 4pm-7pm, yesterday between 1pm-4pm, yesterday from 10am-12pm, yesterday between 7am-10am, the night before last between 7pm-10pm, and evening before last between 4pm-7pm). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Control Episodic Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive recent past events.
|
Episodic Future Thinking (EFT) - Study 2
Participants will generate positive future events they are looking forward to at five time points in the future (1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 1 year, 5 years, and 25 years). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Episodic Future Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive future events.
|
Control Episodic Thinking (CET) - Study 2
Participants will generate positive recent past events that have happened to them at five time points in the recent past (last night from 7pm-10pm, yesterday between 4pm-7pm, yesterday between 1pm-4pm, yesterday from 10am-12pm, yesterday between 7am-10am, the night before last between 7pm-10pm, and evening before last between 4pm-7pm). Participants will be reminded of these events using cues throughout the study and instructed to think about these cues as they make their decisions.
Control Episodic Thinking: Participants will generate descriptions of vivid positive recent past events.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Change in Alcoholic Drinks Per Day (Study 2)
Pre-Intervention
|
5.6 Drinks/day
Standard Error 0.41
|
5.3 Drinks/day
Standard Error 0.42
|
—
|
—
|
|
Change in Alcoholic Drinks Per Day (Study 2)
Post 1st cue generation
|
5.0 Drinks/day
Standard Error 0.42
|
4.9 Drinks/day
Standard Error 0.43
|
—
|
—
|
|
Change in Alcoholic Drinks Per Day (Study 2)
Post 2nd cue generation
|
4.3 Drinks/day
Standard Error 0.37
|
5.4 Drinks/day
Standard Error 0.62
|
—
|
—
|
Adverse Events
Episodic Future Thinking (EFT) - Study 1
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Control Episodic Thinking (CET) - Study 1
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Episodic Future Thinking (EFT) - Study 2
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Control Episodic Thinking (CET) - Study 2
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place