Trial Outcomes & Findings for Behavioral Pharmacology of Cannabis and Nicotine (NCT NCT04124432)

NCT ID: NCT04124432

Last Updated: 2024-04-17

Results Overview

Amount of nicotine used (determined by total volume (mL) of cigarette smoke or JUUL vapor inhaled) after cannabis exposure in each session.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

PHASE1

Target enrollment

26 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

0-5 hours

Results posted on

2024-04-17

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Cannabis With and Without Nicotine
This was a within-subjects, cross-over design in which all participants were exposed to all 7 conditions in a randomized order.
Overall Study
STARTED
26
Overall Study
THC + No Nicotine/Tobacco
23
Overall Study
THC + Ad-libitum Use of Preferred Brand Cigarettes
20
Overall Study
THC + Ad-libitum Use of Low Nicotine Content E-Cig (3% Nicotine JUUL)
24
Overall Study
THC + Ad-libitum Use of High Nicotine Content E-Cig (5% Nicotine JUUL)
22
Overall Study
Placebo Cannabis + Ad-libitum Use of Preferred Brand Cigarettes
21
Overall Study
Placebo Cannabis + Ad-libitum Use of Low Nicotine Content E-Cig (3% Nicotine JUUL)
22
Overall Study
Placebo Cannabis + Ad-libitum Use of High Nicotine Content E-Cig (5% Nicotine JUUL)
21
Overall Study
COMPLETED
20
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
6

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Behavioral Pharmacology of Cannabis and Nicotine

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Cannabis With and Without Nicotine
n=20 Participants
This was a within-subjects, cross-over design in which all participants were exposed to all 7 conditions in a randomized order.
Age, Continuous
33.47 Years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.53 • n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
10 Participants
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
10 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
12 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 0-5 hours

Population: Represents study completers

Amount of nicotine used (determined by total volume (mL) of cigarette smoke or JUUL vapor inhaled) after cannabis exposure in each session.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Active Cannabis Without Nicotine
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + No nicotine/tobacco Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked
Active Cannabis With Own Brand Cigarettes
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + ad-libitum use of preferred brand cigarettes Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Active Cannabis With Low Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + ad-libitum use of low nicotine content E-Cig (3% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Active Cannabis With High Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + ad-libitum use of high nicotine content E-Cig (5% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Placebo Cannabis With Own Brand Cigarettes
n=20 Participants
Smoked placebo cannabis + ad-libitum use of preferred brand cigarettes Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Placebo Cannabis With Low Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked placebo cannabis + ad-libitum use of low nicotine content E-Cig (3% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Placebo Cannabis With High Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked placebo cannabis + ad-libitum use of high nicotine content E-Cig (5% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Amount of Nicotine (mL of Smoke/Vapor) Inhaled
0 Volume in mL
Standard Deviation 0
489.0 Volume in mL
Standard Deviation 142.2
1814.0 Volume in mL
Standard Deviation 1064.0
1401.0 Volume in mL
Standard Deviation 1076.0
513.6 Volume in mL
Standard Deviation 247.2
1929.0 Volume in mL
Standard Deviation 2105.0
1390.0 Volume in mL
Standard Deviation 961.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 0-5 hours

Population: Represents study completers

Mean Peak Change From Baseline rating (0-100) of Drug Effect on the DEQ, with 0 being no effect and 100 being maximum effect.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Active Cannabis Without Nicotine
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + No nicotine/tobacco Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked
Active Cannabis With Own Brand Cigarettes
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + ad-libitum use of preferred brand cigarettes Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Active Cannabis With Low Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + ad-libitum use of low nicotine content E-Cig (3% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Active Cannabis With High Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + ad-libitum use of high nicotine content E-Cig (5% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Placebo Cannabis With Own Brand Cigarettes
n=20 Participants
Smoked placebo cannabis + ad-libitum use of preferred brand cigarettes Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Placebo Cannabis With Low Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked placebo cannabis + ad-libitum use of low nicotine content E-Cig (3% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Placebo Cannabis With High Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked placebo cannabis + ad-libitum use of high nicotine content E-Cig (5% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Mean Peak Change From Baseline Self-reported Drug Effect as Assessed by the Drug Effect Questionnaire (DEQ)
46.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 29.9
44.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 30.1
47.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 38.5
40.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 36.5
21.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 29.1
17.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 26.1
9.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.7

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 0-5 hours

Population: Represents study completers

Computerized version of Digit Symbol Substitution Task will be administered to assess psychomotor performance. Total correct trials in 90-seconds. Minimum score of 0 but no maximum score (higher scores indicate better performance).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Active Cannabis Without Nicotine
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + No nicotine/tobacco Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked
Active Cannabis With Own Brand Cigarettes
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + ad-libitum use of preferred brand cigarettes Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Active Cannabis With Low Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + ad-libitum use of low nicotine content E-Cig (3% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Active Cannabis With High Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + ad-libitum use of high nicotine content E-Cig (5% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Placebo Cannabis With Own Brand Cigarettes
n=20 Participants
Smoked placebo cannabis + ad-libitum use of preferred brand cigarettes Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Placebo Cannabis With Low Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked placebo cannabis + ad-libitum use of low nicotine content E-Cig (3% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Placebo Cannabis With High Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked placebo cannabis + ad-libitum use of high nicotine content E-Cig (5% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Mean Peak Change From Baseline Psychomotor Performance as Assessed by the Digit Symbol Substitution Task (DSST)
-0.2 Total correct trials
Standard Deviation 7.0
-0.5 Total correct trials
Standard Deviation 8.1
-4.3 Total correct trials
Standard Deviation 6.9
-3.3 Total correct trials
Standard Deviation 6.7
2.0 Total correct trials
Standard Deviation 5.9
-3.6 Total correct trials
Standard Deviation 4.3
-0.9 Total correct trials
Standard Deviation 8.1

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 0-5 hours

Population: Represents study completers

Computerized version of Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task will be administered to assess working memory performance. Total correct trials out of 90 recorded is primary outcome (higher scores indicate better performance).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Active Cannabis Without Nicotine
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + No nicotine/tobacco Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked
Active Cannabis With Own Brand Cigarettes
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + ad-libitum use of preferred brand cigarettes Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Active Cannabis With Low Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + ad-libitum use of low nicotine content E-Cig (3% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Active Cannabis With High Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + ad-libitum use of high nicotine content E-Cig (5% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Placebo Cannabis With Own Brand Cigarettes
n=20 Participants
Smoked placebo cannabis + ad-libitum use of preferred brand cigarettes Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Placebo Cannabis With Low Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked placebo cannabis + ad-libitum use of low nicotine content E-Cig (3% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Placebo Cannabis With High Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked placebo cannabis + ad-libitum use of high nicotine content E-Cig (5% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Mean Peak Change From Baseline Working Memory Performance as Assessed by the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT)
-3.8 Total correct trials
Standard Deviation 9.1
0.9 Total correct trials
Standard Deviation 15.4
-9.8 Total correct trials
Standard Deviation 12.0
-1.2 Total correct trials
Standard Deviation 11.1
5.3 Total correct trials
Standard Deviation 21.6
-5.7 Total correct trials
Standard Deviation 9.6
-6.9 Total correct trials
Standard Deviation 9.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 0-5 hours

Population: Represents study completers

Behavioral task performance will be assessed with the DRUID app's Global impairment score (range 0-100), where lower scores indicate better performance.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Active Cannabis Without Nicotine
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + No nicotine/tobacco Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked
Active Cannabis With Own Brand Cigarettes
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + ad-libitum use of preferred brand cigarettes Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Active Cannabis With Low Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + ad-libitum use of low nicotine content E-Cig (3% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Active Cannabis With High Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + ad-libitum use of high nicotine content E-Cig (5% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Placebo Cannabis With Own Brand Cigarettes
n=20 Participants
Smoked placebo cannabis + ad-libitum use of preferred brand cigarettes Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Placebo Cannabis With Low Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked placebo cannabis + ad-libitum use of low nicotine content E-Cig (3% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Placebo Cannabis With High Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked placebo cannabis + ad-libitum use of high nicotine content E-Cig (5% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Mean Peak Change From Baseline Behavioral Task Performance as Assessed by the DRUID App
4.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.0
-0.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.4
3.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.4
2.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.4
-1.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.3
-4.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.6
0.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.7

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 0-5 hours

Population: Represents study completers

Mean peak change from baseline rating (0-100) of "Craving" with 0 being no craving and 100 being maximum craving.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Active Cannabis Without Nicotine
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + No nicotine/tobacco Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked
Active Cannabis With Own Brand Cigarettes
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + ad-libitum use of preferred brand cigarettes Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Active Cannabis With Low Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + ad-libitum use of low nicotine content E-Cig (3% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Active Cannabis With High Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + ad-libitum use of high nicotine content E-Cig (5% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Placebo Cannabis With Own Brand Cigarettes
n=20 Participants
Smoked placebo cannabis + ad-libitum use of preferred brand cigarettes Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Placebo Cannabis With Low Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked placebo cannabis + ad-libitum use of low nicotine content E-Cig (3% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Placebo Cannabis With High Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked placebo cannabis + ad-libitum use of high nicotine content E-Cig (5% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Mean Peak Change From Baseline Tobacco Craving as Assessed by the Tobacco Craving Questionnaire
0.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.6
-0.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.4
0.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.7
-0.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.0
-0.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.3
0.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.8
0.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 0-5 hours

Population: Represents study completers

Mean peak change from baseline rating (0-100) of "Craving" with 0 being no craving and 100 being maximum craving

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Active Cannabis Without Nicotine
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + No nicotine/tobacco Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked
Active Cannabis With Own Brand Cigarettes
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + ad-libitum use of preferred brand cigarettes Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Active Cannabis With Low Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + ad-libitum use of low nicotine content E-Cig (3% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Active Cannabis With High Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked cannabis containing active THC + ad-libitum use of high nicotine content E-Cig (5% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Placebo Cannabis With Own Brand Cigarettes
n=20 Participants
Smoked placebo cannabis + ad-libitum use of preferred brand cigarettes Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Placebo Cannabis With Low Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked placebo cannabis + ad-libitum use of low nicotine content E-Cig (3% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Placebo Cannabis With High Nicotine E-cigarette
n=20 Participants
Smoked placebo cannabis + ad-libitum use of high nicotine content E-Cig (5% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Mean Peak Change From Baseline Cannabis Craving as Assessed by the Cannabis Craving Questionnaire
-1.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.5
-1.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.2
-1.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.6
-2.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.7
-1.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.1
-0.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.5
-0.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.4

Adverse Events

Active Cannabis Without Nicotine

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Active Cannabis With Own Brand Cigarettes

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Active Cannabis With Low Nicotine E-cigarette

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 1 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Active Cannabis With High Nicotine E-cigarette

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Placebo Cannabis With Own Brand Cigarettes

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 1 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Placebo Cannabis With Low Nicotine E-cigarette

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Placebo Cannabis With High Nicotine E-cigarette

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Active Cannabis Without Nicotine
n=23 participants at risk
Smoked cannabis containing 10mg THC + No nicotine/tobacco Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked
Active Cannabis With Own Brand Cigarettes
n=20 participants at risk
Smoked cannabis containing 10mg THC + ad-libitum use of preferred brand cigarettes Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Active Cannabis With Low Nicotine E-cigarette
n=24 participants at risk
Smoked cannabis containing 10mg THC + ad-libitum use of low nicotine content E-Cig (3% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Active Cannabis With High Nicotine E-cigarette
n=22 participants at risk
Smoked cannabis containing 10mg THC + ad-libitum use of high nicotine content E-Cig (5% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Placebo Cannabis With Own Brand Cigarettes
n=21 participants at risk
Smoked placebo cannabis + ad-libitum use of preferred brand cigarettes Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Placebo Cannabis With Low Nicotine E-cigarette
n=22 participants at risk
Smoked placebo cannabis + ad-libitum use of low nicotine content E-Cig (3% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Placebo Cannabis With High Nicotine E-cigarette
n=21 participants at risk
Smoked placebo cannabis + ad-libitum use of high nicotine content E-Cig (5% nicotine JUUL) Cannabis: Cannabis will be smoked Nicotine: Nicotine will be smoked or vaporized
Gastrointestinal disorders
Vomitting
0.00%
0/23 • 0-5 hours
International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines are followed for Adverse Event (AE) reporting, as AEs occur they are documented.
0.00%
0/20 • 0-5 hours
International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines are followed for Adverse Event (AE) reporting, as AEs occur they are documented.
4.2%
1/24 • Number of events 1 • 0-5 hours
International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines are followed for Adverse Event (AE) reporting, as AEs occur they are documented.
0.00%
0/22 • 0-5 hours
International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines are followed for Adverse Event (AE) reporting, as AEs occur they are documented.
4.8%
1/21 • Number of events 1 • 0-5 hours
International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines are followed for Adverse Event (AE) reporting, as AEs occur they are documented.
0.00%
0/22 • 0-5 hours
International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines are followed for Adverse Event (AE) reporting, as AEs occur they are documented.
0.00%
0/21 • 0-5 hours
International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines are followed for Adverse Event (AE) reporting, as AEs occur they are documented.

Additional Information

Dr. Ryan Vandrey

Johns Hopkins School of Medicine

Phone: 410-550-4036

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place