Efficacy of Mobile Neurofeedback for Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

70 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-12-22

Study Completion Date

2021-06-30

Brief Summary

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This study is an assessor-blind, parallel-group, controlled trial to evaluate the benefit of home-based training with a low-cost, mobile neurofeedback system (Myndlift) in adults with ADHD. Randomized controlled trials have shown significant benefit for neurofeedback, including persistent effects without the side effects of psychostimulants (i.e., diminished appetite, insomnia, anxiety, irritability). However, standard application requires clinic visits and significant expense, limiting training frequency and compromising potential efficacy. Additionally, extant evidence for efficacy comes almost exclusively from children and adolescents, with very few studies in adults. The present trial will measure the ability of home-based neurofeedback using a low-cost, user-friendly system to ameliorate symptomatology (e.g., enhancing attention, reducing impulsive behavior) in adults with ADHD. Participants will receive either neurofeedback or treatment as usual (TAU). Primary outcomes will be objective scores on a continuous performance task (CPT) and subjective report on a standardized adult ADHD symptoms questionnaire. Eligible participants recruited from an adult ADHD clinic will complete a baseline assessment (1.25 hours) including subjective questionnaires, computerized cognitive assessment, and resting-state EEG administered by a blinded assessor. The experimental group will train at home with a neurofeedback headset and tablet 4 times/week for ten weeks (session duration: 21-30 minutes). Neurofeedback will be provided via a conventional theta beta protocol in which participants train using gamified tasks, videos, or audio clips in a tablet-based app, and receive positive visual/auditory feedback when their brainwaves are in the desired range. The control group will follow the regular treatment plan set by the clinic (i.e., treatment as usual; TAU). Care may include pharmacological intervention, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a combination of both, or no intervention. Care will often include pharmacological intervention (e.g., methylphenidate), with the specifics (e.g., type of medication, dosage) determined by psychiatrist recommendation. After completing the ten-week intervention period, all participants will return to the clinic for a follow-up assessment identical to the baseline assessment. It is hypothesized that home-based neurofeedback training will demonstrate non-inferiority to TAU as measured by improvement in subjective and objective symptoms.

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Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NON_RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Home-Based Neurofeedback Training

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Mobile Neurofeedback

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Home-based neurofeedback training (downtrain theta, uptrain beta; training site: Cz) 4 times weekly for a 40 of total sessions over the ten-week training period. Session duration of 21 minutes for the first 20 sessions to 30 minutes for the last 20 sessions. Positive visual and auditory feedback when brainwaves are within the desired range.

Treatment as Usual

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Treatment as Usual

Intervention Type OTHER

Treatment plan as part of regular care at the ADHD clinic, which may include pharmacological intervention, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a combination of pharmacological intervention and CBT, or no intervention. Care will often include pharmacological intervention, with the specifics (e.g., type of medication, dosage) determined by psychiatrist recommendation considering such factors as response to previous interventions, participant characteristics, and practical constraints. Most pharmacological interventions will be stimulants (e.g., methylphenidate) with various release mechanisms. Each participant will receive an individualized dose titration and follow-up plan, including clinic visits as needed (generally 1-2 visits over the 10-week intervention period); interventions may be switched in accord with clinical judgment.

Interventions

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Mobile Neurofeedback

Home-based neurofeedback training (downtrain theta, uptrain beta; training site: Cz) 4 times weekly for a 40 of total sessions over the ten-week training period. Session duration of 21 minutes for the first 20 sessions to 30 minutes for the last 20 sessions. Positive visual and auditory feedback when brainwaves are within the desired range.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Treatment as Usual

Treatment plan as part of regular care at the ADHD clinic, which may include pharmacological intervention, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a combination of pharmacological intervention and CBT, or no intervention. Care will often include pharmacological intervention, with the specifics (e.g., type of medication, dosage) determined by psychiatrist recommendation considering such factors as response to previous interventions, participant characteristics, and practical constraints. Most pharmacological interventions will be stimulants (e.g., methylphenidate) with various release mechanisms. Each participant will receive an individualized dose titration and follow-up plan, including clinic visits as needed (generally 1-2 visits over the 10-week intervention period); interventions may be switched in accord with clinical judgment.

Intervention Type OTHER

Other Intervention Names

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neurotherapy electroencephalogram (EEG) biofeedback brainwave biofeedback

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* willingness to provide consent
* diagnosis of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) of any type as ascertained by clinical interview conducted by a board-certified psychiatrist
* at the time of enrollment, not receiving treatment for symptoms of ADHD

Exclusion Criteria

* comorbid psychotic or bipolar disorder or an active affective disorder
* medical disorder with potentially confounding psychiatric effects (either due to direct effects of the condition or medication effects)
* diagnosis of substance abuse disorder (SUD), sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome (RLS), or borderline intellectual functioning
* unable to attend in-clinic follow-up assessment
* antipsychotic agent in the three months prior to baseline assessment
* any selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment in the four weeks prior to baseline
* other psychiatric medication in the two weeks prior to baseline that the principal investigator deems to be confounding
* experimental group only: plans to start stimulant medication during the course of the study (use of nutritional supplements including "prescription medical foods" is not exclusionary)
* neurofeedback treatment in the two years prior to baseline

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

50 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No