Trial Outcomes & Findings for Everyday Memory Intervention (NCT NCT04088136)

Last Updated: 2024-05-01

Results Overview

Across the data collection period, participants audio recorded descriptions of their memory failures on a smartphone app. The audio recordings were transcribed and then cleaned and qualitatively coded so that the number of memory failures each participant reported during the data collection period could be counted. The data was qualitatively coded to ensure an accurate count of the number of memory failures per participant without counting duplicate events or accidental reports. Average daily number of reported memory failures from EMA \& daily diaries is reported.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

Target enrollment

68 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

minimum 8 day period after training on app prior to posttest

Results posted on

2024-05-01

Participant Flow

The study was converted to a completely on-line study due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Enrollment began in March of 2021.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Everyday Metacognitive Memory Training in techniques for managing memory demands in everyday life Everyday Metacognitive Memory Intervention: Provides training in use of techniques and procedures to enhance proactive self-regulatory control over everyday memory demands, including strategies for learning information, planning for meeting everyday goals, and monitoring of efficacy of goal pursuit.	Memory Strategy Control Trains the use of memory strategies for learning new associations and concepts Memory Strategy Control Intervention: Trains use of standard mnemonic techniques such as imagery and sentence generation for learning new associations and organizational and distinctiveness-based strategies for learning sets of items (e.g., word lists).
Overall Study STARTED	35	33
Overall Study COMPLETED	30	32
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	5	1

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure	Everyday Metacognitive Memory Training in techniques for managing memory demands in everyday life Everyday Metacognitive Memory Intervention: Provides training in use of techniques and procedures to enhance proactive self-regulatory control over everyday memory demands, including strategies for learning information, planning for meeting everyday goals, and monitoring of efficacy of goal pursuit.	Memory Strategy Control Trains the use of memory strategies for learning new associations and concepts Memory Strategy Control Intervention: Trains use of standard mnemonic techniques such as imagery and sentence generation for learning new associations and organizational and distinctiveness-based strategies for learning sets of items (e.g., word lists).
Overall Study Withdrawal by Subject	5	0
Overall Study Lack of Efficacy	0	1

Baseline Characteristics

1 non-response

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	Everyday Metacognitive Memory n=35 Participants Training in techniques for managing memory demands in everyday life Everyday Metacognitive Memory Intervention: Provides training in use of techniques and procedures to enhance proactive self-regulatory control over everyday memory demands, including strategies for learning information, planning for meeting everyday goals, and monitoring of efficacy of goal pursuit.	Memory Strategy Control n=33 Participants Trains the use of memory strategies for learning new associations and concepts Memory Strategy Control Intervention: Trains use of standard mnemonic techniques such as imagery and sentence generation for learning new associations and organizational and distinctiveness-based strategies for learning sets of items (e.g., word lists).	Total n=68 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous	76.3 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.8 • n=35 Participants • 1 non-response	75.2 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.6 • n=32 Participants • 1 non-response	75.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.7 • n=67 Participants • 1 non-response
Sex: Female, Male Female	21 Participants n=34 Participants • 1 nonresponse	19 Participants n=33 Participants • 1 nonresponse	40 Participants n=67 Participants • 1 nonresponse
Sex: Female, Male Male	13 Participants n=34 Participants • 1 nonresponse	14 Participants n=33 Participants • 1 nonresponse	27 Participants n=67 Participants • 1 nonresponse
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino	3 Participants n=35 Participants	0 Participants n=33 Participants	3 Participants n=68 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino	31 Participants n=35 Participants	33 Participants n=33 Participants	64 Participants n=68 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	1 Participants n=35 Participants	0 Participants n=33 Participants	1 Participants n=68 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	1 Participants n=35 Participants	1 Participants n=33 Participants	2 Participants n=68 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	0 Participants n=35 Participants	0 Participants n=33 Participants	0 Participants n=68 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	2 Participants n=35 Participants	1 Participants n=33 Participants	3 Participants n=68 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	4 Participants n=35 Participants	5 Participants n=33 Participants	9 Participants n=68 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	26 Participants n=35 Participants	26 Participants n=33 Participants	52 Participants n=68 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	2 Participants n=35 Participants	0 Participants n=33 Participants	2 Participants n=68 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants n=35 Participants	0 Participants n=33 Participants	0 Participants n=68 Participants
Region of Enrollment United States	35 participants n=35 Participants	33 participants n=33 Participants	68 participants n=68 Participants
AB5C Personality Scales AB5C Gregariousness	3.2 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.7 • n=34 Participants • one participant did not complete the AB5C inventory	2.9 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.6 • n=33 Participants • one participant did not complete the AB5C inventory	3.1 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.7 • n=67 Participants • one participant did not complete the AB5C inventory
AB5C Personality Scales AB5C Stability	3.5 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.6 • n=34 Participants • one participant did not complete the AB5C inventory	3.4 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.7 • n=33 Participants • one participant did not complete the AB5C inventory	3.5 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.6 • n=67 Participants • one participant did not complete the AB5C inventory
AB5C Personality Scales AB5C Understanding	4.4 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.4 • n=34 Participants • one participant did not complete the AB5C inventory	4.4 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.5 • n=33 Participants • one participant did not complete the AB5C inventory	4.4 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.4 • n=67 Participants • one participant did not complete the AB5C inventory
AB5C Personality Scales AB5C Introspection	3.7 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.7 • n=34 Participants • one participant did not complete the AB5C inventory	4.0 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.5 • n=33 Participants • one participant did not complete the AB5C inventory	3.9 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.6 • n=67 Participants • one participant did not complete the AB5C inventory
AB5C Personality Scales AB5C Conscientiousness	3.9 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.5 • n=34 Participants • one participant did not complete the AB5C inventory	4.1 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.4 • n=33 Participants • one participant did not complete the AB5C inventory	4.0 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.5 • n=67 Participants • one participant did not complete the AB5C inventory
Victoria Activity Scale	4.2 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.6 • n=34 Participants • one nonresponse	4.1 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.6 • n=33 Participants • one nonresponse	4.1 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.6 • n=67 Participants • one nonresponse
Pattern Comparison Test	16.1 scores on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.3 • n=34 Participants • missing data due to program failure during remote administration	14.8 scores on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.6 • n=30 Participants • missing data due to program failure during remote administration	15.5 scores on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.9 • n=64 Participants • missing data due to program failure during remote administration
Shipley Vocabulary Test	34.3 scores on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.4 • n=34 Participants • missing data due to program failure during remote administration	35.7 scores on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.1 • n=32 Participants • missing data due to program failure during remote administration	35.0 scores on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.3 • n=66 Participants • missing data due to program failure during remote administration
ETS Letter Sets Test	8.9 scores on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.5 • n=34 Participants • missing data due to program failure during remote administration	9.1 scores on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.3 • n=32 Participants • missing data due to program failure during remote administration	9.0 scores on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.9 • n=66 Participants • missing data due to program failure during remote administration
Mobile Device Proficiency Questionnaire (MDPQ-16)	31.5 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.2 • n=33 Participants • missing questionnaires	31.8 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.4 • n=33 Participants • missing questionnaires	31.7 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.8 • n=66 Participants • missing questionnaires
Technology Experience Profile	23.1 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.1 • n=34 Participants • missing questionnaire	23.4 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.4 • n=33 Participants • missing questionnaire	23.2 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.3 • n=67 Participants • missing questionnaire

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: minimum 8 day period after training on app prior to posttest

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Everyday Metacognitive Memory n=30 Participants Training in techniques for managing memory demands in everyday life Everyday Metacognitive Memory Intervention: Provides training in use of techniques and procedures to enhance proactive self-regulatory control over everyday memory demands, including strategies for learning information, planning for meeting everyday goals, and monitoring of efficacy of goal pursuit.	Memory Strategy Control n=32 Participants Trains the use of memory strategies for learning new associations and concepts Memory Strategy Control Intervention: Trains use of standard mnemonic techniques such as imagery and sentence generation for learning new associations and organizational and distinctiveness-based strategies for learning sets of items (e.g., word lists).
Everyday Memory Failures	0.55 average daily number memory failures/day Standard Error 0.57	0.62 average daily number memory failures/day Standard Error 0.71

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Two weeks prior to posttest

Number of successfully completed lab contacts (maximum of 4)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Everyday Metacognitive Memory n=30 Participants Training in techniques for managing memory demands in everyday life Everyday Metacognitive Memory Intervention: Provides training in use of techniques and procedures to enhance proactive self-regulatory control over everyday memory demands, including strategies for learning information, planning for meeting everyday goals, and monitoring of efficacy of goal pursuit.	Memory Strategy Control n=32 Participants Trains the use of memory strategies for learning new associations and concepts Memory Strategy Control Intervention: Trains use of standard mnemonic techniques such as imagery and sentence generation for learning new associations and organizational and distinctiveness-based strategies for learning sets of items (e.g., word lists).
Prospective Memory Lab Contacts	2.8 number of contacts Standard Error 0.2	3.0 number of contacts Standard Error 0.2

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Two weeks prior to posttest

Population: data only available for persons who successfully completed at least one laboratory contact

median absolute time deviation (in minutes) from scheduled lab contact for completed contacts

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Everyday Metacognitive Memory n=29 Participants Training in techniques for managing memory demands in everyday life Everyday Metacognitive Memory Intervention: Provides training in use of techniques and procedures to enhance proactive self-regulatory control over everyday memory demands, including strategies for learning information, planning for meeting everyday goals, and monitoring of efficacy of goal pursuit.	Memory Strategy Control n=31 Participants Trains the use of memory strategies for learning new associations and concepts Memory Strategy Control Intervention: Trains use of standard mnemonic techniques such as imagery and sentence generation for learning new associations and organizational and distinctiveness-based strategies for learning sets of items (e.g., word lists).
Prospective Memory Lab Contact Efficiency	4.4 minutes Standard Error 1.7	4.2 minutes Standard Error 1.1

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: posttest only

Computerized task to simulate use of an ATM machine. Measure: number of errors

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Everyday Metacognitive Memory n=25 Participants Training in techniques for managing memory demands in everyday life Everyday Metacognitive Memory Intervention: Provides training in use of techniques and procedures to enhance proactive self-regulatory control over everyday memory demands, including strategies for learning information, planning for meeting everyday goals, and monitoring of efficacy of goal pursuit.	Memory Strategy Control n=28 Participants Trains the use of memory strategies for learning new associations and concepts Memory Strategy Control Intervention: Trains use of standard mnemonic techniques such as imagery and sentence generation for learning new associations and organizational and distinctiveness-based strategies for learning sets of items (e.g., word lists).
Everyday Cognition Simulation Task: ATM Task (Number of Errors)	9.08 number of errors Standard Error 0.79	10.14 number of errors Standard Error 1.59

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: posttest only

Population: Missing data caused by program run-time errors aborting program without recording results for several participants (6 Everyday Metacognitive Memory; 5 Memory Strategy Control)

Computerized task to simulate use of an automated telephone program to refill prescriptions. Measure: Number of errors

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Everyday Metacognitive Memory n=24 Participants Training in techniques for managing memory demands in everyday life Everyday Metacognitive Memory Intervention: Provides training in use of techniques and procedures to enhance proactive self-regulatory control over everyday memory demands, including strategies for learning information, planning for meeting everyday goals, and monitoring of efficacy of goal pursuit.	Memory Strategy Control n=27 Participants Trains the use of memory strategies for learning new associations and concepts Memory Strategy Control Intervention: Trains use of standard mnemonic techniques such as imagery and sentence generation for learning new associations and organizational and distinctiveness-based strategies for learning sets of items (e.g., word lists).
Czaja Everyday Cognition Simulation Task: Prescription Refill Task (Number of Errors)	9.29 number of errors Standard Error 1.74	8.44 number of errors Standard Error 1.55

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: pretest and posttest (approximately 1 month lag)

Population: One missing case due to program failure when administering the test

Computerized task to present 30 concrete nouns, 6 from 5 taxonomic categories (Hultsch, Hertzog, Dixon, \& Small, 1998) Measure is proportion of 30 words recalled

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Everyday Metacognitive Memory n=29 Participants Training in techniques for managing memory demands in everyday life Everyday Metacognitive Memory Intervention: Provides training in use of techniques and procedures to enhance proactive self-regulatory control over everyday memory demands, including strategies for learning information, planning for meeting everyday goals, and monitoring of efficacy of goal pursuit.	Memory Strategy Control n=32 Participants Trains the use of memory strategies for learning new associations and concepts Memory Strategy Control Intervention: Trains use of standard mnemonic techniques such as imagery and sentence generation for learning new associations and organizational and distinctiveness-based strategies for learning sets of items (e.g., word lists).
Free Recall Test Pretest	0.27 proportion of words recalled Standard Error 0.05	0.31 proportion of words recalled Standard Error 0.05
Free Recall Test Posttest	0.37 proportion of words recalled Standard Error 0.05	0.44 proportion of words recalled Standard Error 0.05

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: pretest and posttest (approximately 1 month lag)

Computerized task to present 40 concrete-concrete associatively unrelated noun pairs (Hertzog, Sinclair, \& Dunlosky, 2010) Outcome is proportion of 40 words correctly recalled.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Everyday Metacognitive Memory n=30 Participants Training in techniques for managing memory demands in everyday life Everyday Metacognitive Memory Intervention: Provides training in use of techniques and procedures to enhance proactive self-regulatory control over everyday memory demands, including strategies for learning information, planning for meeting everyday goals, and monitoring of efficacy of goal pursuit.	Memory Strategy Control n=32 Participants Trains the use of memory strategies for learning new associations and concepts Memory Strategy Control Intervention: Trains use of standard mnemonic techniques such as imagery and sentence generation for learning new associations and organizational and distinctiveness-based strategies for learning sets of items (e.g., word lists).
Associative Recall Test Pretest	0.52 proportion of words recalled Standard Error 0.04	0.53 proportion of words recalled Standard Error 0.04
Associative Recall Test Posttest	0.55 proportion of words recalled Standard Error 0.04	0.66 proportion of words recalled Standard Error 0.04

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: posttest only

gist recall of narrative story (total number of propositions (ideas) from story recalled)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Everyday Metacognitive Memory n=30 Participants Training in techniques for managing memory demands in everyday life Everyday Metacognitive Memory Intervention: Provides training in use of techniques and procedures to enhance proactive self-regulatory control over everyday memory demands, including strategies for learning information, planning for meeting everyday goals, and monitoring of efficacy of goal pursuit.	Memory Strategy Control n=31 Participants Trains the use of memory strategies for learning new associations and concepts Memory Strategy Control Intervention: Trains use of standard mnemonic techniques such as imagery and sentence generation for learning new associations and organizational and distinctiveness-based strategies for learning sets of items (e.g., word lists).
Story Recall	30.8 number of ideas recalled Standard Error 1.6	29.7 number of ideas recalled Standard Error 1.9

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: posttest only

Computerized task to simulate use of an ATM machine. Measure: time to complete task (in seconds)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Everyday Metacognitive Memory n=25 Participants Training in techniques for managing memory demands in everyday life Everyday Metacognitive Memory Intervention: Provides training in use of techniques and procedures to enhance proactive self-regulatory control over everyday memory demands, including strategies for learning information, planning for meeting everyday goals, and monitoring of efficacy of goal pursuit.	Memory Strategy Control n=28 Participants Trains the use of memory strategies for learning new associations and concepts Memory Strategy Control Intervention: Trains use of standard mnemonic techniques such as imagery and sentence generation for learning new associations and organizational and distinctiveness-based strategies for learning sets of items (e.g., word lists).
Everyday Cognition Simulation Task: ATM Task (Time in Seconds)	852.10 seconds Standard Error 61.74	902.10 seconds Standard Error 80.53

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: posttest only

Population: Missing data caused by program run-time errors aborting program without recording results for several participants (6 Everyday Metacognitive Memory; 5 Memory Strategy Control)

Computerized task to simulate use of an automated telephone program to refill prescriptions. Measure: time to complete task (in seconds)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Everyday Metacognitive Memory n=24 Participants Training in techniques for managing memory demands in everyday life Everyday Metacognitive Memory Intervention: Provides training in use of techniques and procedures to enhance proactive self-regulatory control over everyday memory demands, including strategies for learning information, planning for meeting everyday goals, and monitoring of efficacy of goal pursuit.	Memory Strategy Control n=27 Participants Trains the use of memory strategies for learning new associations and concepts Memory Strategy Control Intervention: Trains use of standard mnemonic techniques such as imagery and sentence generation for learning new associations and organizational and distinctiveness-based strategies for learning sets of items (e.g., word lists).
Czaja Everyday Cognition Simulation Task: Prescription Refill Task (Time in Seconds)	590.50 seconds Standard Error 31.68	579.90 seconds Standard Error 30.15

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: pretest and posttest (approximately 1 month lag)

Summative Likert scale measuring frequency of reported memory problems for specific types of problems Measure is average item Likert rating on a 1-7 scale. Higher score indicates fewer memory problems

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Everyday Metacognitive Memory n=30 Participants Training in techniques for managing memory demands in everyday life Everyday Metacognitive Memory Intervention: Provides training in use of techniques and procedures to enhance proactive self-regulatory control over everyday memory demands, including strategies for learning information, planning for meeting everyday goals, and monitoring of efficacy of goal pursuit.	Memory Strategy Control n=32 Participants Trains the use of memory strategies for learning new associations and concepts Memory Strategy Control Intervention: Trains use of standard mnemonic techniques such as imagery and sentence generation for learning new associations and organizational and distinctiveness-based strategies for learning sets of items (e.g., word lists).
MFQ Memory Complaint (Frequency of Forgetting Scale) Pretest	4.9 units on a scale Standard Error 0.2	5.1 units on a scale Standard Error 0.2
MFQ Memory Complaint (Frequency of Forgetting Scale) Posttest	5.0 units on a scale Standard Error 0.2	5.0 units on a scale Standard Error 0.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: pretest and posttest (approximately 1 month lag)

The Personal Beliefs about Memory Instruments (PBMI) Specific Memory Self-Efficacy measurement is a summative visual analog rating scale measuring self-rated memory aggregated over multiple specific types of memory. Outcomes scaled in average proportion of distance from left (0) to maximum of 1.00 (higher scores indicate greater memory self-efficacy).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Everyday Metacognitive Memory n=30 Participants Training in techniques for managing memory demands in everyday life Everyday Metacognitive Memory Intervention: Provides training in use of techniques and procedures to enhance proactive self-regulatory control over everyday memory demands, including strategies for learning information, planning for meeting everyday goals, and monitoring of efficacy of goal pursuit.	Memory Strategy Control n=32 Participants Trains the use of memory strategies for learning new associations and concepts Memory Strategy Control Intervention: Trains use of standard mnemonic techniques such as imagery and sentence generation for learning new associations and organizational and distinctiveness-based strategies for learning sets of items (e.g., word lists).
PBMI Specific Memory Self-Efficacy Pretest	0.65 units on a scale Standard Error 0.02	0.71 units on a scale Standard Error 0.02
PBMI Specific Memory Self-Efficacy Posttest	0.72 units on a scale Standard Error 0.02	0.73 units on a scale Standard Error 0.02

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: pretest and posttest (approximately 1 month lag)

Summative visual analog rating scale measuring self-rated control over everyday. Outcome is scaled as average proportion of maximum endorsement (ranging from 0 to 1.0, with higher scores indicate greater perceived control)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Everyday Metacognitive Memory n=30 Participants Training in techniques for managing memory demands in everyday life Everyday Metacognitive Memory Intervention: Provides training in use of techniques and procedures to enhance proactive self-regulatory control over everyday memory demands, including strategies for learning information, planning for meeting everyday goals, and monitoring of efficacy of goal pursuit.	Memory Strategy Control n=32 Participants Trains the use of memory strategies for learning new associations and concepts Memory Strategy Control Intervention: Trains use of standard mnemonic techniques such as imagery and sentence generation for learning new associations and organizational and distinctiveness-based strategies for learning sets of items (e.g., word lists).
PBMI Memory Control Pretest	0.79 units on a scale Standard Error 0.03	0.80 units on a scale Standard Error 0.03
PBMI Memory Control Posttest	0.90 units on a scale Standard Error 0.02	0.89 units on a scale Standard Error 0.02

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: pretest and posttest (approximately 1 month lag)

Summative Likert scale obtaining self-rated frequency of use of internal mnemonic strategies in everyday life. Average Likert rating on 1-5 scale (higher scores indicate greater use of strategies)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Everyday Metacognitive Memory n=30 Participants Training in techniques for managing memory demands in everyday life Everyday Metacognitive Memory Intervention: Provides training in use of techniques and procedures to enhance proactive self-regulatory control over everyday memory demands, including strategies for learning information, planning for meeting everyday goals, and monitoring of efficacy of goal pursuit.	Memory Strategy Control n=32 Participants Trains the use of memory strategies for learning new associations and concepts Memory Strategy Control Intervention: Trains use of standard mnemonic techniques such as imagery and sentence generation for learning new associations and organizational and distinctiveness-based strategies for learning sets of items (e.g., word lists).
MCQ Internal Scale Pretest	1.92 average units on a scale Standard Error 0.12	2.01 average units on a scale Standard Error 0.11
MCQ Internal Scale Posttest	2.31 average units on a scale Standard Error 0.11	2.26 average units on a scale Standard Error 0.11

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: pretest and posttest (approximately 1 month lag)

Summative Likert scale obtaining self-rated frequency of use of external memory aids. Outcome is scaled as average Likert rating on 1-5 scale. Higher score indicates greater use of external aids.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Everyday Metacognitive Memory n=30 Participants Training in techniques for managing memory demands in everyday life Everyday Metacognitive Memory Intervention: Provides training in use of techniques and procedures to enhance proactive self-regulatory control over everyday memory demands, including strategies for learning information, planning for meeting everyday goals, and monitoring of efficacy of goal pursuit.	Memory Strategy Control n=32 Participants Trains the use of memory strategies for learning new associations and concepts Memory Strategy Control Intervention: Trains use of standard mnemonic techniques such as imagery and sentence generation for learning new associations and organizational and distinctiveness-based strategies for learning sets of items (e.g., word lists).
MCQ External Pretest	3.34 average units on a scale Standard Error 0.09	3.28 average units on a scale Standard Error 0.09
MCQ External Posttest	3.38 average units on a scale Standard Error 0.08	3.30 average units on a scale Standard Error 0.08

Adverse Events

Everyday Metacognitive Memory

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Memory Strategy Control

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Dr. Christopher Hertzog

Georgia Institute of Technology

Phone: 404-894-6774

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place