Trial Outcomes & Findings for Career Enhancement Training Study (USAF) (NCT NCT04067401)

Last Updated: 2020-07-08

Results Overview

Participants will complete a computerized adaptive test for suicide severity. Participants will answer questions about their mental health. Participant scores will range from 0-100 with 100 indicating higher likelihood of current suicidal ideation and higher risk for suicide attempt.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

Target enrollment

1485 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

6 months

Results posted on

2020-07-08

Participant Flow

Recruitment of classes was staggered over 16 months-Oct 2017 - Jan 2019-with classes matched. Clusters of class units within training squadron were formed over time as they became available, selected to maximize balance (e.g., AFSC), and randomized to one of two training conditions.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Wingman Connect Wingman-Connect total training time is 5 hours, typically spread over three consecutive training 'blocks'(or days), plus 1-hour of booster training (one month later). Wingman Connect: Wingman-Connect combines group and individual skill training. Group exercises build cohesion, belonging and shared purpose, and promote value of healthy unit, giving and receiving support. Individual skills promote the ability to thrive during transitions, manage stressors and meet career goals, and decrease barriers to utilizing organizational resources (family, health). The training has a total of 22 modules comprised of specific learning objectives and activities. Six months of text messages (1-2 per week) to reinforce and extend program concepts and skills.	Stress Management The control training condition will consist of a 2 hr. informational training that provides an overview of the human stress response system and strategies to manage stress. Stress Management: training reviews the basics of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stress-response system; common experiences of stress (physiological, cognitive, emotional); the impact of chronic stress on the brain and other domains of health; how exercise reduces harmful effects of stress; and relaxation techniques that have been shown to reduce stress and adverse effects of stress on health. Additional modules review the physiological stress response and effects of stress on health; how cognition influences stress responses; common cognitive distortions/attributions that affect stress including strategies to strengthen protective cognitive responses. Six months of text messages (1-2 per week) to reinforce and extend program concepts and skills.
Overall Study STARTED	748	737
Overall Study Baseline Survey Completion	746	735
Overall Study 1 Month Survey Completion	697	694
Overall Study 6 Month Survey Completion	629	618
Overall Study COMPLETED	740	737
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	8	0

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure	Wingman Connect Wingman-Connect total training time is 5 hours, typically spread over three consecutive training 'blocks'(or days), plus 1-hour of booster training (one month later). Wingman Connect: Wingman-Connect combines group and individual skill training. Group exercises build cohesion, belonging and shared purpose, and promote value of healthy unit, giving and receiving support. Individual skills promote the ability to thrive during transitions, manage stressors and meet career goals, and decrease barriers to utilizing organizational resources (family, health). The training has a total of 22 modules comprised of specific learning objectives and activities. Six months of text messages (1-2 per week) to reinforce and extend program concepts and skills.	Stress Management The control training condition will consist of a 2 hr. informational training that provides an overview of the human stress response system and strategies to manage stress. Stress Management: training reviews the basics of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stress-response system; common experiences of stress (physiological, cognitive, emotional); the impact of chronic stress on the brain and other domains of health; how exercise reduces harmful effects of stress; and relaxation techniques that have been shown to reduce stress and adverse effects of stress on health. Additional modules review the physiological stress response and effects of stress on health; how cognition influences stress responses; common cognitive distortions/attributions that affect stress including strategies to strengthen protective cognitive responses. Six months of text messages (1-2 per week) to reinforce and extend program concepts and skills.
Overall Study Withdrawal by Subject	7	0
Overall Study no data provided	1	0

Baseline Characteristics

2 participants in Wingman Connect and 4 participants in Stress Management did not report Sex in baseline survey

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	Wingman Connect n=746 Participants Wingman-Connect total training time is 5 hours, typically spread over three consecutive training 'blocks'(or days), plus 1-hour of booster training (one month later). Wingman Connect: Wingman-Connect combines group and individual skill training. Group exercises build cohesion, belonging and shared purpose, and promote value of healthy unit, giving and receiving support. Individual skills promote the ability to thrive during transitions, manage stressors and meet career goals, and decrease barriers to utilizing organizational resources (family, health). The training has a total of 22 modules comprised of specific learning objectives and activities. Six months of text messages (1-2 per week) to reinforce and extend program concepts and skills.	Stress Management n=735 Participants The control training condition will consist of a 2 hr. informational training that provides an overview of the human stress response system and strategies to manage stress. Stress Management: Stress management training reviews the basics of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stress-response system; common experiences of stress (physiological, cognitive, emotional); the impact of chronic stress on the brain and other domains of health; how exercise reduces harmful effects of stress; and relaxation techniques that have been shown to reduce stress and adverse effects of stress on health. Additional modules review the physiological stress response and effects of stress on health; introduces how cognition influences stress responses; common cognitive distortions/attributions are reviewed that affect stress including strategies to strengthen protective cognitive responses. Six months of text messages (1-2 per week) to reinforce and extend program concepts and skills.	Total n=1481 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Military Component Reserves	37 Participants n=746 Participants	49 Participants n=735 Participants	86 Participants n=1481 Participants
Age, Categorical <=18 years	0 Participants n=746 Participants	0 Participants n=735 Participants	0 Participants n=1481 Participants
Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years	746 Participants n=746 Participants	735 Participants n=735 Participants	1481 Participants n=1481 Participants
Age, Categorical >=65 years	0 Participants n=746 Participants	0 Participants n=735 Participants	0 Participants n=1481 Participants
Age, Continuous	20.96 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.255 • n=746 Participants	20.87 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.019 • n=735 Participants	20.92 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.140 • n=1481 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	128 Participants n=744 Participants • 2 participants in Wingman Connect and 4 participants in Stress Management did not report Sex in baseline survey	125 Participants n=731 Participants • 2 participants in Wingman Connect and 4 participants in Stress Management did not report Sex in baseline survey	253 Participants n=1475 Participants • 2 participants in Wingman Connect and 4 participants in Stress Management did not report Sex in baseline survey
Sex: Female, Male Male	616 Participants n=744 Participants • 2 participants in Wingman Connect and 4 participants in Stress Management did not report Sex in baseline survey	606 Participants n=731 Participants • 2 participants in Wingman Connect and 4 participants in Stress Management did not report Sex in baseline survey	1222 Participants n=1475 Participants • 2 participants in Wingman Connect and 4 participants in Stress Management did not report Sex in baseline survey
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino	137 Participants n=746 Participants	154 Participants n=735 Participants	291 Participants n=1481 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino	608 Participants n=746 Participants	581 Participants n=735 Participants	1189 Participants n=1481 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	1 Participants n=746 Participants	0 Participants n=735 Participants	1 Participants n=1481 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	6 Participants n=746 Participants	5 Participants n=735 Participants	11 Participants n=1481 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	31 Participants n=746 Participants	31 Participants n=735 Participants	62 Participants n=1481 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	9 Participants n=746 Participants	10 Participants n=735 Participants	19 Participants n=1481 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	91 Participants n=746 Participants	83 Participants n=735 Participants	174 Participants n=1481 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	498 Participants n=746 Participants	483 Participants n=735 Participants	981 Participants n=1481 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	59 Participants n=746 Participants	72 Participants n=735 Participants	131 Participants n=1481 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	52 Participants n=746 Participants	51 Participants n=735 Participants	103 Participants n=1481 Participants
Educational Background GED	30 Participants n=746 Participants	23 Participants n=735 Participants	53 Participants n=1481 Participants
Educational Background High School Diploma	597 Participants n=746 Participants	571 Participants n=735 Participants	1168 Participants n=1481 Participants
Educational Background Associates Degree	72 Participants n=746 Participants	87 Participants n=735 Participants	159 Participants n=1481 Participants
Educational Background Bachelor's Degree or higher	47 Participants n=746 Participants	54 Participants n=735 Participants	101 Participants n=1481 Participants
Military Component Active Duty	617 Participants n=746 Participants	596 Participants n=735 Participants	1213 Participants n=1481 Participants
Military Component National Guard	92 Participants n=746 Participants	90 Participants n=735 Participants	182 Participants n=1481 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: Some participants completed the main survey, but not the computerized adaptive test section.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Wingman Connect n=577 Participants Wingman-Connect total training time is 5 hours, typically spread over three consecutive training 'blocks'(or days), plus 1-hour of booster training (one month later). Wingman Connect: Wingman-Connect combines group and individual skill training. Group exercises build cohesion, belonging and shared purpose, and promote value of healthy unit, giving and receiving support. Individual skills promote the ability to thrive during transitions, manage stressors and meet career goals, and decrease barriers to utilizing organizational resources (family, health). The training has a total of 22 modules comprised of specific learning objectives and activities. Six months of text messages (1-2 per week) to reinforce and extend program concepts and skills.	Stress Management n=571 Participants The control training condition will consist of a 2 hr. informational training that provides an overview of the human stress response system and strategies to manage stress. Stress Management: Stress management training reviews the basics of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stress-response system; common experiences of stress (physiological, cognitive, emotional); the impact of chronic stress on the brain and other domains of health; how exercise reduces harmful effects of stress; and relaxation techniques that have been shown to reduce stress and adverse effects of stress on health. Additional modules review the physiological stress response and effects of stress on health; introduces how cognition influences stress responses; common cognitive distortions/attributions are reviewed that affect stress including strategies to strengthen protective cognitive responses. Six months of text messages (1-2 per week) to reinforce and extend program concepts and skills.
Mean Computerized Adaptive Testing for Suicide Severity	10.76 units on a scale Standard Deviation 13.87	12.12 units on a scale Standard Deviation 13.50

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 1 month

Population: Some participants completed the main survey, but not the computerized adaptive test section.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Wingman Connect n=657 Participants Wingman-Connect total training time is 5 hours, typically spread over three consecutive training 'blocks'(or days), plus 1-hour of booster training (one month later). Wingman Connect: Wingman-Connect combines group and individual skill training. Group exercises build cohesion, belonging and shared purpose, and promote value of healthy unit, giving and receiving support. Individual skills promote the ability to thrive during transitions, manage stressors and meet career goals, and decrease barriers to utilizing organizational resources (family, health). The training has a total of 22 modules comprised of specific learning objectives and activities. Six months of text messages (1-2 per week) to reinforce and extend program concepts and skills.	Stress Management n=661 Participants The control training condition will consist of a 2 hr. informational training that provides an overview of the human stress response system and strategies to manage stress. Stress Management: Stress management training reviews the basics of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stress-response system; common experiences of stress (physiological, cognitive, emotional); the impact of chronic stress on the brain and other domains of health; how exercise reduces harmful effects of stress; and relaxation techniques that have been shown to reduce stress and adverse effects of stress on health. Additional modules review the physiological stress response and effects of stress on health; introduces how cognition influences stress responses; common cognitive distortions/attributions are reviewed that affect stress including strategies to strengthen protective cognitive responses. Six months of text messages (1-2 per week) to reinforce and extend program concepts and skills.
Mean Computerized Adaptive Testing for Suicide Severity	11.05 units on a scale Standard Deviation 13.25	13.43 units on a scale Standard Deviation 13.94

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: Some participants completed the main survey, but not the computerized adaptive test section.

Participants will complete a computerized adaptive test for depression. Participants will answer questions about their mental health. Participant scores will range from 0-100 with 100 indicating higher risk for clinical depression.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Wingman Connect n=577 Participants Wingman-Connect total training time is 5 hours, typically spread over three consecutive training 'blocks'(or days), plus 1-hour of booster training (one month later). Wingman Connect: Wingman-Connect combines group and individual skill training. Group exercises build cohesion, belonging and shared purpose, and promote value of healthy unit, giving and receiving support. Individual skills promote the ability to thrive during transitions, manage stressors and meet career goals, and decrease barriers to utilizing organizational resources (family, health). The training has a total of 22 modules comprised of specific learning objectives and activities. Six months of text messages (1-2 per week) to reinforce and extend program concepts and skills.	Stress Management n=571 Participants The control training condition will consist of a 2 hr. informational training that provides an overview of the human stress response system and strategies to manage stress. Stress Management: Stress management training reviews the basics of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stress-response system; common experiences of stress (physiological, cognitive, emotional); the impact of chronic stress on the brain and other domains of health; how exercise reduces harmful effects of stress; and relaxation techniques that have been shown to reduce stress and adverse effects of stress on health. Additional modules review the physiological stress response and effects of stress on health; introduces how cognition influences stress responses; common cognitive distortions/attributions are reviewed that affect stress including strategies to strengthen protective cognitive responses. Six months of text messages (1-2 per week) to reinforce and extend program concepts and skills.
Mean Computerized Adaptive Testing for Depression	13.36 units on a scale Standard Deviation 17.18	15.64 units on a scale Standard Deviation 15.21

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 1 month

Population: Some participants completed the main survey, but not the computerized adaptive test section.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Wingman Connect n=657 Participants Wingman-Connect total training time is 5 hours, typically spread over three consecutive training 'blocks'(or days), plus 1-hour of booster training (one month later). Wingman Connect: Wingman-Connect combines group and individual skill training. Group exercises build cohesion, belonging and shared purpose, and promote value of healthy unit, giving and receiving support. Individual skills promote the ability to thrive during transitions, manage stressors and meet career goals, and decrease barriers to utilizing organizational resources (family, health). The training has a total of 22 modules comprised of specific learning objectives and activities. Six months of text messages (1-2 per week) to reinforce and extend program concepts and skills.	Stress Management n=661 Participants The control training condition will consist of a 2 hr. informational training that provides an overview of the human stress response system and strategies to manage stress. Stress Management: Stress management training reviews the basics of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stress-response system; common experiences of stress (physiological, cognitive, emotional); the impact of chronic stress on the brain and other domains of health; how exercise reduces harmful effects of stress; and relaxation techniques that have been shown to reduce stress and adverse effects of stress on health. Additional modules review the physiological stress response and effects of stress on health; introduces how cognition influences stress responses; common cognitive distortions/attributions are reviewed that affect stress including strategies to strengthen protective cognitive responses. Six months of text messages (1-2 per week) to reinforce and extend program concepts and skills.
Computerized Adaptive Testing for Depression	15.42 units on a scale Standard Deviation 16.93	18.38 units on a scale Standard Deviation 16.87

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Participants will complete 5 yes/no questions about job performance, including if superior has expressed concerns about work performance, if Airman has received corrective training for substandard performance, received a negative counseling statement, received a Letter of Reprimand. The sum of affirmative responses will be calculated. Scores will range from 0-5 with 5 indicating greater work impairment.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Wingman Connect n=629 Participants Wingman-Connect total training time is 5 hours, typically spread over three consecutive training 'blocks'(or days), plus 1-hour of booster training (one month later). Wingman Connect: Wingman-Connect combines group and individual skill training. Group exercises build cohesion, belonging and shared purpose, and promote value of healthy unit, giving and receiving support. Individual skills promote the ability to thrive during transitions, manage stressors and meet career goals, and decrease barriers to utilizing organizational resources (family, health). The training has a total of 22 modules comprised of specific learning objectives and activities. Six months of text messages (1-2 per week) to reinforce and extend program concepts and skills.	Stress Management n=618 Participants The control training condition will consist of a 2 hr. informational training that provides an overview of the human stress response system and strategies to manage stress. Stress Management: Stress management training reviews the basics of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stress-response system; common experiences of stress (physiological, cognitive, emotional); the impact of chronic stress on the brain and other domains of health; how exercise reduces harmful effects of stress; and relaxation techniques that have been shown to reduce stress and adverse effects of stress on health. Additional modules review the physiological stress response and effects of stress on health; introduces how cognition influences stress responses; common cognitive distortions/attributions are reviewed that affect stress including strategies to strengthen protective cognitive responses. Six months of text messages (1-2 per week) to reinforce and extend program concepts and skills.
Mean Behavioral Occupational Performance Outcomes	0.29 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0.93	0.28 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0.94

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 1 month

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Wingman Connect n=685 Participants Wingman-Connect total training time is 5 hours, typically spread over three consecutive training 'blocks'(or days), plus 1-hour of booster training (one month later). Wingman Connect: Wingman-Connect combines group and individual skill training. Group exercises build cohesion, belonging and shared purpose, and promote value of healthy unit, giving and receiving support. Individual skills promote the ability to thrive during transitions, manage stressors and meet career goals, and decrease barriers to utilizing organizational resources (family, health). The training has a total of 22 modules comprised of specific learning objectives and activities. Six months of text messages (1-2 per week) to reinforce and extend program concepts and skills.	Stress Management n=681 Participants The control training condition will consist of a 2 hr. informational training that provides an overview of the human stress response system and strategies to manage stress. Stress Management: Stress management training reviews the basics of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stress-response system; common experiences of stress (physiological, cognitive, emotional); the impact of chronic stress on the brain and other domains of health; how exercise reduces harmful effects of stress; and relaxation techniques that have been shown to reduce stress and adverse effects of stress on health. Additional modules review the physiological stress response and effects of stress on health; introduces how cognition influences stress responses; common cognitive distortions/attributions are reviewed that affect stress including strategies to strengthen protective cognitive responses. Six months of text messages (1-2 per week) to reinforce and extend program concepts and skills.
Mean Behavioral Occupational Performance Outcomes	0.17 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0.62	0.25 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0.73

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 1 month

Participants will complete a 3-item scale on how well members of their class cooperate, can depend on each other and stand up for each other. Scores range from 0 to 4 with higher scores indicating higher class cohesion.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Wingman Connect n=687 Participants Wingman-Connect total training time is 5 hours, typically spread over three consecutive training 'blocks'(or days), plus 1-hour of booster training (one month later). Wingman Connect: Wingman-Connect combines group and individual skill training. Group exercises build cohesion, belonging and shared purpose, and promote value of healthy unit, giving and receiving support. Individual skills promote the ability to thrive during transitions, manage stressors and meet career goals, and decrease barriers to utilizing organizational resources (family, health). The training has a total of 22 modules comprised of specific learning objectives and activities. Six months of text messages (1-2 per week) to reinforce and extend program concepts and skills.	Stress Management n=698 Participants The control training condition will consist of a 2 hr. informational training that provides an overview of the human stress response system and strategies to manage stress. Stress Management: Stress management training reviews the basics of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stress-response system; common experiences of stress (physiological, cognitive, emotional); the impact of chronic stress on the brain and other domains of health; how exercise reduces harmful effects of stress; and relaxation techniques that have been shown to reduce stress and adverse effects of stress on health. Additional modules review the physiological stress response and effects of stress on health; introduces how cognition influences stress responses; common cognitive distortions/attributions are reviewed that affect stress including strategies to strengthen protective cognitive responses. Six months of text messages (1-2 per week) to reinforce and extend program concepts and skills.
Mean Class Cohesion	3.16 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0.72	3.05 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0.75

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 1 month

Participants will be asked to name up to 5 other students in their class who they respect and would choose to spend time with. Participants can name 0-5 classmates.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Wingman Connect n=687 Participants Wingman-Connect total training time is 5 hours, typically spread over three consecutive training 'blocks'(or days), plus 1-hour of booster training (one month later). Wingman Connect: Wingman-Connect combines group and individual skill training. Group exercises build cohesion, belonging and shared purpose, and promote value of healthy unit, giving and receiving support. Individual skills promote the ability to thrive during transitions, manage stressors and meet career goals, and decrease barriers to utilizing organizational resources (family, health). The training has a total of 22 modules comprised of specific learning objectives and activities. Six months of text messages (1-2 per week) to reinforce and extend program concepts and skills.	Stress Management n=698 Participants The control training condition will consist of a 2 hr. informational training that provides an overview of the human stress response system and strategies to manage stress. Stress Management: Stress management training reviews the basics of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stress-response system; common experiences of stress (physiological, cognitive, emotional); the impact of chronic stress on the brain and other domains of health; how exercise reduces harmful effects of stress; and relaxation techniques that have been shown to reduce stress and adverse effects of stress on health. Additional modules review the physiological stress response and effects of stress on health; introduces how cognition influences stress responses; common cognitive distortions/attributions are reviewed that affect stress including strategies to strengthen protective cognitive responses. Six months of text messages (1-2 per week) to reinforce and extend program concepts and skills.
Mean Number of Positive Connections to Classmates	2.08 classmates Standard Deviation 1.61	1.83 classmates Standard Deviation 1.56

Adverse Events

Wingman Connect

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Stress Management

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Dr. Peter Wyman

University of Rochester Medical Center, Psychiatry Dept

Phone: 5852733372

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place