Trial Outcomes & Findings for METEOR Think NIV Pilot (NCT NCT04052542)

Results Overview

This implementation outcome measuring reach only applies to learner participants.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

1328 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Up to 1 month

Results posted on

2021-10-06

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Traditional Online Continuing Education Group - Pre-education Patients admitted during the 6 months prior to the education period to the ICU that would later participate in traditional online continuing education.	Traditional Online Continuing Education Group - During Education Patients admitted during the one-month education period to the ICU that participated in traditional online continuing education.	Traditional Online Continuing Education Group - Post-education Patients admitted during the 6 months after the education period to the ICU that participated in traditional online continuing education.	Interprofessional Education Group - Pre-education Patients admitted during the 6 months prior to the education period to the ICU that would later participate in interprofessional education.	Interprofessional Education - During Education Patients admitted during the one-month education period to the ICU that participated in interprofessional education.	Interprofessional Education Group - Post-education Patients admitted during the 6 months after the education period to the ICU that participated in interprofessional education.	Just-in-time Education - Pre-education Patients admitted during the 6 months prior to the education period to the ICU that would later participate in just-in-time education.	Just-in-time Education Group - During Education Patients admitted during the one-month education period to the ICU that participated in just-in-time education.	Just-in-time Education Group - Post-education Patients admitted during the 6 months after the education period to the ICU that participated in just-in-time education.	Traditional Online Continuing Education Group - Learners Learners who participated in traditional online continuing education	Interprofessional Education Group - Learners Learners who participated in interprofessional education	Just-in-time Education Group - Learners Learners who participated in just-in-time education
Overall Study STARTED	116	28	146	188	24	183	275	27	276	22	31	12
Overall Study COMPLETED	116	28	146	188	24	183	275	27	276	22	31	12
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	Traditional Online Continuing Education Group - Pre-education n=116 Participants Patients admitted during the 6 months prior to the education period to the ICU that would later participate in traditional online continuing education.	Traditional Online Continuing Education Group - During Education n=28 Participants Patients admitted during the one-month education period to the ICU that participated in traditional online continuing education.	Traditional Online Continuing Education Group - Post-education n=146 Participants Patients admitted during the 6 months after the education period to the ICU that participated in traditional online continuing education.	Interprofessional Education Group - Pre-education n=188 Participants Patients admitted during the 6 months prior to the education period to the ICU that would later participate in interprofessional education.	Interprofessional Education - During Education n=24 Participants Patients admitted during the one-month education period to the ICU that participated in interprofessional education.	Interprofessional Education Group - Post-education n=183 Participants Patients admitted during the 6 months after the education period to the ICU that participated in interprofessional education.	Just-in-time Education - Pre-education n=275 Participants Patients admitted during the 6 months prior to the education period to the ICU that would later participate in just-in-time education.	Just-in-time Education Group - During Education n=27 Participants Patients admitted during the one-month education period to the ICU that participated in just-in-time education.	Just-in-time Education Group - Post-education n=276 Participants Patients admitted during the 6 months after the education period to the ICU that participated in just-in-time education.	Traditional Online Continuing Education Group - Learners n=22 Participants Learners who participated in traditional online continuing education	Interprofessional Education Group - Learners n=31 Participants Learners who participated in interprofessional education	Just-in-time Education Group - Learners n=12 Participants Learners who participated in just-in-time education	Total n=1328 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous	72 years n=116 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	79 years n=28 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	74 years n=146 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	74 years n=188 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	77 years n=24 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	75 years n=183 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	70 years n=275 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	69 years n=27 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	71 years n=276 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	—	—	—	73 years n=1263 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.
Sex: Female, Male Female	52 Participants n=116 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	20 Participants n=28 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	71 Participants n=146 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	85 Participants n=188 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	10 Participants n=24 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	100 Participants n=183 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	165 Participants n=275 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	7 Participants n=27 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	87 Participants n=276 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	—	—	—	597 Participants n=1263 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.
Sex: Female, Male Male	64 Participants n=116 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	8 Participants n=28 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	75 Participants n=146 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	103 Participants n=188 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	14 Participants n=24 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	83 Participants n=183 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	110 Participants n=275 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	20 Participants n=27 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	189 Participants n=276 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	—	—	—	666 Participants n=1263 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race · White	96 Participants n=116 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	23 Participants n=28 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	120 Participants n=146 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	177 Participants n=188 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	23 Participants n=24 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	170 Participants n=183 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	236 Participants n=275 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	21 Participants n=27 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	186 Participants n=276 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	—	—	—	1052 Participants n=1263 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race · Black	10 Participants n=116 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	2 Participants n=28 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	20 Participants n=146 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	6 Participants n=188 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	0 Participants n=24 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	7 Participants n=183 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	20 Participants n=275 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	4 Participants n=27 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	56 Participants n=276 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	—	—	—	125 Participants n=1263 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race · Other	10 Participants n=116 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	3 Participants n=28 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	6 Participants n=146 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	5 Participants n=188 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	1 Participants n=24 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	6 Participants n=183 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	19 Participants n=275 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	2 Participants n=27 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	34 Participants n=276 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.	—	—	—	86 Participants n=1263 Participants • Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed only for patient participants. The characteristics of learner participants were not recorded.
Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score	9 units on a scale n=116 Participants • The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score does not apply to learner participants.	7 units on a scale n=28 Participants • The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score does not apply to learner participants.	7 units on a scale n=146 Participants • The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score does not apply to learner participants.	8 units on a scale n=188 Participants • The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score does not apply to learner participants.	9 units on a scale n=24 Participants • The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score does not apply to learner participants.	8 units on a scale n=183 Participants • The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score does not apply to learner participants.	7 units on a scale n=275 Participants • The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score does not apply to learner participants.	10 units on a scale n=27 Participants • The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score does not apply to learner participants.	5 units on a scale n=276 Participants • The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score does not apply to learner participants.	—	—	—	7 units on a scale n=1263 Participants • The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score does not apply to learner participants.

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Up to 1 month

This implementation outcome measuring reach only applies to learner participants.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Traditional Online Continuing Education Group - Learners n=22 Participants Learners who participated in traditional online continuing education	Interprofessional Education Group - Learners n=31 Participants Learners who participated in interprofessional education	Just-in-time Education Group - Learners n=12 Participants Learners who participated in just-in-time education	Interprofessional Education Group - Pre-education Patients admitted during the 6 months prior to the education period to the ICU that would later participate in interprofessional education.	Interprofessional Education - During Education Patients admitted during the one-month education period to the ICU that participated in interprofessional education.	Interprofessional Education Group - Post-education Patients admitted during the 6 months after the education period to the ICU that participated in interprofessional education.	Just-in-time Education - Pre-education Patients admitted during the 6 months prior to the education period to the ICU that would later participate in just-in-time education.	Just-in-time Education Group - During Education Patients admitted during the one-month education period to the ICU that participated in just-in-time education.	Just-in-time Education Group - Post-education Patients admitted during the 6 months after the education period to the ICU that participated in just-in-time education.
Number of ICU Team Members (Learners) Who Received Education	22 Participants	31 Participants	12 Participants	—	—	—	—	—	—

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Up to 10 weeks

Population: The Overall Number of Participants Analyzed is not consistent with numbers provided in the Participant Flow module because some learner participants did not complete the survey the assessed this outcome.

Using a 5-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree; 5=strongly agree), learners reported their level of agreement with the statement "I liked the way the information was presented." This outcome only applies to learner participants.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Traditional Online Continuing Education Group - Learners n=14 Participants Learners who participated in traditional online continuing education	Interprofessional Education Group - Learners n=30 Participants Learners who participated in interprofessional education	Just-in-time Education Group - Learners n=12 Participants Learners who participated in just-in-time education	Interprofessional Education Group - Pre-education Patients admitted during the 6 months prior to the education period to the ICU that would later participate in interprofessional education.	Interprofessional Education - During Education Patients admitted during the one-month education period to the ICU that participated in interprofessional education.	Interprofessional Education Group - Post-education Patients admitted during the 6 months after the education period to the ICU that participated in interprofessional education.	Just-in-time Education - Pre-education Patients admitted during the 6 months prior to the education period to the ICU that would later participate in just-in-time education.	Just-in-time Education Group - During Education Patients admitted during the one-month education period to the ICU that participated in just-in-time education.	Just-in-time Education Group - Post-education Patients admitted during the 6 months after the education period to the ICU that participated in just-in-time education.
Learner Attitudes Regarding Education (Mean Scores on Relevant Survey Questions)	4.2 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.7	4.8 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.6	3.4 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.0	—	—	—	—	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Participants will be followed for the duration of their hospital admission, estimated to be 1-2 weeks

This implementation outcome only applies to patient participants.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Traditional Online Continuing Education Group - Learners n=116 Participants Learners who participated in traditional online continuing education	Interprofessional Education Group - Learners n=28 Participants Learners who participated in interprofessional education	Just-in-time Education Group - Learners n=146 Participants Learners who participated in just-in-time education	Interprofessional Education Group - Pre-education n=188 Participants Patients admitted during the 6 months prior to the education period to the ICU that would later participate in interprofessional education.	Interprofessional Education - During Education n=24 Participants Patients admitted during the one-month education period to the ICU that participated in interprofessional education.	Interprofessional Education Group - Post-education n=183 Participants Patients admitted during the 6 months after the education period to the ICU that participated in interprofessional education.	Just-in-time Education - Pre-education n=275 Participants Patients admitted during the 6 months prior to the education period to the ICU that would later participate in just-in-time education.	Just-in-time Education Group - During Education n=27 Participants Patients admitted during the one-month education period to the ICU that participated in just-in-time education.	Just-in-time Education Group - Post-education n=276 Participants Patients admitted during the 6 months after the education period to the ICU that participated in just-in-time education.
Number of High-risk Patients Without Contraindications Who Received Post-extubation Noninvasive Ventilation	2 Participants	2 Participants	2 Participants	0 Participants	1 Participants	1 Participants	4 Participants	1 Participants	5 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Up to 10 weeks

Population: The Overall Number of Participants Analyzed is not consistent with numbers provided in the Participant Flow module because some learner participants did not complete the survey the assessed this outcome.

Using a 5-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree; 5=strongly agree), learners reported their level of agreement with the statement "In assessing mechanically ventilated patients for potential extubation, I know what my responsibilities are." This outcome only applies to learner participants.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Traditional Online Continuing Education Group - Learners n=14 Participants Learners who participated in traditional online continuing education	Interprofessional Education Group - Learners n=30 Participants Learners who participated in interprofessional education	Just-in-time Education Group - Learners n=12 Participants Learners who participated in just-in-time education	Interprofessional Education Group - Pre-education Patients admitted during the 6 months prior to the education period to the ICU that would later participate in interprofessional education.	Interprofessional Education - During Education Patients admitted during the one-month education period to the ICU that participated in interprofessional education.	Interprofessional Education Group - Post-education Patients admitted during the 6 months after the education period to the ICU that participated in interprofessional education.	Just-in-time Education - Pre-education Patients admitted during the 6 months prior to the education period to the ICU that would later participate in just-in-time education.	Just-in-time Education Group - During Education Patients admitted during the one-month education period to the ICU that participated in just-in-time education.	Just-in-time Education Group - Post-education Patients admitted during the 6 months after the education period to the ICU that participated in just-in-time education.
Learner Role Clarity (Mean Scores on Relevant Survey Questions)	4.2 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.7	4.9 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.3	4.8 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.4	—	—	—	—	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Up to 10 weeks

Population: The Overall Number of Participants Analyzed is not consistent with numbers provided in the Participant Flow module because some learner participants did not complete the survey the assessed this outcome.

Using a 5-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree; 5=strongly agree), learners reported their level of agreement with the statement "In assessing mechanically ventilated patients for potential extubation, I have knowledge that no other team member has." This outcome only applies to learner participants.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Traditional Online Continuing Education Group - Learners n=14 Participants Learners who participated in traditional online continuing education	Interprofessional Education Group - Learners n=30 Participants Learners who participated in interprofessional education	Just-in-time Education Group - Learners n=12 Participants Learners who participated in just-in-time education	Interprofessional Education Group - Pre-education Patients admitted during the 6 months prior to the education period to the ICU that would later participate in interprofessional education.	Interprofessional Education - During Education Patients admitted during the one-month education period to the ICU that participated in interprofessional education.	Interprofessional Education Group - Post-education Patients admitted during the 6 months after the education period to the ICU that participated in interprofessional education.	Just-in-time Education - Pre-education Patients admitted during the 6 months prior to the education period to the ICU that would later participate in just-in-time education.	Just-in-time Education Group - During Education Patients admitted during the one-month education period to the ICU that participated in just-in-time education.	Just-in-time Education Group - Post-education Patients admitted during the 6 months after the education period to the ICU that participated in just-in-time education.
Learner Specialization (Mean Scores on Relevant Survey Questions)	3.6 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.1	3.4 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.3	3.3 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.2	—	—	—	—	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Up to 10 weeks

Population: The Overall Number of Participants Analyzed is not consistent with numbers provided in the Participant Flow module because some learner participants did not complete the survey the assessed this outcome.

Using a 5-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree; 5=strongly agree), learners reported their level of agreement with the statement "In making decisions about extubation, I am comfortable accepting procedural suggestions from other team members." This outcome only applies to learner participants.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Traditional Online Continuing Education Group - Learners n=14 Participants Learners who participated in traditional online continuing education	Interprofessional Education Group - Learners n=30 Participants Learners who participated in interprofessional education	Just-in-time Education Group - Learners n=12 Participants Learners who participated in just-in-time education	Interprofessional Education Group - Pre-education Patients admitted during the 6 months prior to the education period to the ICU that would later participate in interprofessional education.	Interprofessional Education - During Education Patients admitted during the one-month education period to the ICU that participated in interprofessional education.	Interprofessional Education Group - Post-education Patients admitted during the 6 months after the education period to the ICU that participated in interprofessional education.	Just-in-time Education - Pre-education Patients admitted during the 6 months prior to the education period to the ICU that would later participate in just-in-time education.	Just-in-time Education Group - During Education Patients admitted during the one-month education period to the ICU that participated in just-in-time education.	Just-in-time Education Group - Post-education Patients admitted during the 6 months after the education period to the ICU that participated in just-in-time education.
Learner Credibility (Mean Scores on Relevant Survey Questions)	4.5 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.7	4.9 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.3	4.7 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.5	—	—	—	—	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Up to 10 weeks

Population: The Overall Number of Participants Analyzed is not consistent with numbers provided in the Participant Flow module because some learner participants did not complete the survey the assessed this outcome.

Using a 5-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree; 5=strongly agree), learners reported their level of agreement with the statement "In delivering care to patients in respiratory failure, our ICU team works together in a well-coordinated fashion." This outcome only applies to learner participants.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Traditional Online Continuing Education Group - Learners n=14 Participants Learners who participated in traditional online continuing education	Interprofessional Education Group - Learners n=30 Participants Learners who participated in interprofessional education	Just-in-time Education Group - Learners n=12 Participants Learners who participated in just-in-time education	Interprofessional Education Group - Pre-education Patients admitted during the 6 months prior to the education period to the ICU that would later participate in interprofessional education.	Interprofessional Education - During Education Patients admitted during the one-month education period to the ICU that participated in interprofessional education.	Interprofessional Education Group - Post-education Patients admitted during the 6 months after the education period to the ICU that participated in interprofessional education.	Just-in-time Education - Pre-education Patients admitted during the 6 months prior to the education period to the ICU that would later participate in just-in-time education.	Just-in-time Education Group - During Education Patients admitted during the one-month education period to the ICU that participated in just-in-time education.	Just-in-time Education Group - Post-education Patients admitted during the 6 months after the education period to the ICU that participated in just-in-time education.
Learner Coordination (Mean Scores on Relevant Survey Questions)	4.3 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.7	4.9 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.3	4.3 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.9	—	—	—	—	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Up to 10 weeks

Population: The Overall Number of Participants Analyzed is not consistent with numbers provided in the Participant Flow module because some learner participants did not complete the survey the assessed this outcome.

Using a 5-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree; 5=strongly agree), learners reported their level of agreement with the statement "I'm confident that when I make suggestions, other members of the care team will listen." This outcome only applies to learner participants.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Traditional Online Continuing Education Group - Learners n=14 Participants Learners who participated in traditional online continuing education	Interprofessional Education Group - Learners n=30 Participants Learners who participated in interprofessional education	Just-in-time Education Group - Learners n=12 Participants Learners who participated in just-in-time education	Interprofessional Education Group - Pre-education Patients admitted during the 6 months prior to the education period to the ICU that would later participate in interprofessional education.	Interprofessional Education - During Education Patients admitted during the one-month education period to the ICU that participated in interprofessional education.	Interprofessional Education Group - Post-education Patients admitted during the 6 months after the education period to the ICU that participated in interprofessional education.	Just-in-time Education - Pre-education Patients admitted during the 6 months prior to the education period to the ICU that would later participate in just-in-time education.	Just-in-time Education Group - During Education Patients admitted during the one-month education period to the ICU that participated in just-in-time education.	Just-in-time Education Group - Post-education Patients admitted during the 6 months after the education period to the ICU that participated in just-in-time education.
Learner Psychological Safety (Mean Scores on Relevant Survey Questions)	3.9 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.7	4.6 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.5	4.7 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.5	—	—	—	—	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Up to 10 weeks

Population: The Overall Number of Participants Analyzed is not consistent with numbers provided in the Participant Flow module because some learner participants did not complete the survey the assessed this outcome.

Using a 5-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree; 5=strongly agree), learners reported their level of agreement with the statement "From now on, physicians in this ICU are likely to strike an appropriate balance between authority and openness to suggestion." This outcome only applies to learner participants.