Impact of an Innovative Childhood TB Diagnostic Approach Decentralized to District Hospital and Primary Health Care Levels on Childhood Tuberculosis Case Detection and Management in High Tuberculosis Incidence Countries (TB-Speed Decentralisation)

NCT ID: NCT04038632

Last Updated: 2025-03-26

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

3106 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2020-03-07

Study Completion Date

2022-03-31

Brief Summary

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The TB-Speed Decentralisation study aims to increase childhood Tuberculosis (TB) case detection at district hospital (DH) and Primary health Care (PHC) levels using adapted and child-friendly specimen collection methods, i.e. Nasopharyngeal Aspirate (NPA) and stool samples, sensitive microbiological detection tests (Ultra) close to the point-of-care (Omni/G1(Edge)), reinforced training on clinical diagnosis, and standardized CXR quality and interpretation using digital radiography.

The TB-Speed Decentralisation study will evaluate the impact of an innovative patient care level diagnostic approach deployed at DH and PHC levels, namely the DH focused and the PHC focused decentralization strategies. This is aimed at, improving case detection in 6 high TB incidence in low/moderate resource countries: Cambodia, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, and Uganda, and compare effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the two different decentralization approaches.

The hypothesis is that, in countries with high and very high TB incidence (100-299 and ≥300 cases/100,000 population/year, respectively), a systematic approach to the screening for and diagnosis of TB in sick children presenting to the health system will increase childhood TB case detection, especially PTB, which represents the majority of the disease burden (\>75% of case). The study also hypothesizes that sputum collection using battery-operated suction machines and microbiological TB diagnosis using Omni/G1 (Edge) can be decentralized to PHC level, thus enabling TB diagnosis and treatment in children at PHC level.

Detailed Description

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This will be an operational research study using:

* a before and after cross-sectional design to assess the impact of decentralizing an innovative childhood TB diagnostic approach
* a cross-sectional and nested cohort design to compare two different decentralization strategies at DH and PHC levels.
* quantitative and qualitative methods The intervention will be at two levels: at patient care level where an innovative childhood TB diagnostic approach will be implemented, and at health systems level where two distinct decentralization strategies will be implemented. The patient care level TB diagnostic approach consists of systematic TB screening, clinical evaluation, NPA and stool or sputum testing using Xpert Ultra, and optimised CXR reading. The two decentralization strategies are the DH-focused and the PHC-focused implementation of the innovative childhood TB diagnostic approach. Two districts per participating countries will be randomly assigned to implement the DH or PHC-focused strategies.

The study will also include a nested cohort at both the DH and PHC during the intervention phase for a selected sub-set of children with presumptive TB and all children with a diagnosis of TB that consent to participate. This prospective cohort will enable to further document study endpoints related to follow up (TB treatment outcome) and to document TB diagnosis by assessing spontaneous resolution or resolution under TB treatment.

The study will comprise an observation phase followed by an intervention phase in participating districts. During the last month of the observation phase, each district will be randomly assigned to implement either DH or PHC-focused decentralisation. There will be no patient level randomisation.

During this 3-month observation phase, the study will 1) describe the childhood TB diagnosis data and practices; 2) describe the referral processes and outcomes of referrals for TB diagnosis and treatment where feasible and 3) assess existing challenges in childhood TB diagnosis and treatment, as well as readiness (including potential challenges) for the study intervention implementation. There will be no interference with the routine TB childhood diagnosis processes.

Mixed-methods (quantitative and qualitative) will be used including the collection of retrospective and prospective aggregated data by study nurses from facility registers, the implementation of a self-administered questionnaire among all healthcare workers (HCWs), the observation of consultations and care provided, and the conduct of individual interviews with HCWs and key informants.

At the beginning of the intervention phase, a 3-months preparation period will set up the health facilities for decentralization by providing equipment, materials, and reagents, training health workers in childhood TB care, in NPA and stool collection and testing on Ultra, setting up G1 (Edge) at PHC or G4 at DH if not already available and digital CXR and CXR quality control. Existing health care workers will be trained in childhood TB care according to the National Tuberculosis Program (NTP) guidelines, and also in NPA and stool collection and testing on Ultra for study purposes.

Implementation of the innovative childhood TB diagnostic approach at the selected DH and PHC will start as soon as sites are equipped and HCWs trained in childhood TB care and NPA and stool collection, and will implement continued capacity building at sites, regular clinical mentoring visits with NTP or their representative, and continued CXR quality control.

The 6-month prospective cohort follow-up study will be initiated immediately and will consecutively include every tenth child with presumptive TB and all children diagnosed with TB.

Individual data collection will be initiated as soon as the innovative childhood TB diagnostic approach including NPA and stool sample collection and Ultra testing is implemented in the site and will be conducted throughout the intervention phase to document secondary endpoints. Aggregated data for TB screening will be collected throughout the study.

Feasibility, acceptability, and compliance to the intervention protocol will be assessed by mixed methods including a repeat self-administered questionnaire among all HCWs, observations of consultations and care provided, and individual interviews with HCWs, National TB program \& local health authorities representatives, and beneficiaries. i.e. parents/guardians.

Conditions

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Tuberculosis in Children

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

The study will comprise an observation phase, during which there will be no interference with the routine TB childhood diagnosis processes, followed by an intervention phase in participating districts. During the last month of the observation phase, each district will be randomly assigned to implement either DH or PHC focused decentralisation. There will be no individual patient level randomisation.

The study will also include a nested cohort at both the DH and PHC during the intervention phase for a selected sub-set of children with presumptive TB and all children with a diagnosis of TB who consent to participate. This prospective cohort will enable to further document study endpoints related to follow up (TB treatment outcome) and to document TB diagnosis by assessing spontaneous resolution or resolution under TB treatment
Primary Study Purpose

DIAGNOSTIC

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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District Hospital focused decentralization strategy

In this strategy, the patient care level innovative childhood TB diagnostic approach will be implemented at the DH level. PHCs in this district, will only conduct systematic TB screening.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Decentralization of Childhood TB Diagnosis

Intervention Type OTHER

The patient care level TB diagnostic approach consists of systematic TB screening, clinical evaluation, NPA and stool or sputum testing using Xpert Ultra, and optimised CXR reading will be implemented at DH and PHC levels

Primary Health Center focused decentralization strategy

In this strategy, the patient care level innovative childhood TB diagnostic approach will be done at the PHC.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Decentralization of Childhood TB Diagnosis

Intervention Type OTHER

The patient care level TB diagnostic approach consists of systematic TB screening, clinical evaluation, NPA and stool or sputum testing using Xpert Ultra, and optimised CXR reading will be implemented at DH and PHC levels

Interventions

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Decentralization of Childhood TB Diagnosis

The patient care level TB diagnostic approach consists of systematic TB screening, clinical evaluation, NPA and stool or sputum testing using Xpert Ultra, and optimised CXR reading will be implemented at DH and PHC levels

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Sick children seeking care at Oupatient Department of District Hospital or Primary Health Center
* Age \<15 years

Exclusion Criteria

\- None
Maximum Eligible Age

14 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, France

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role lead

UNITAID

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Olivier Marcy, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Bordeaux

Maryline Bonnet, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement

Eric Wobudeya, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

MU-JHU Care Ltd

Locations

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Angroka Rh

Angroka, , Cambodia

Site Status

Taphem Hc

Angroka, , Cambodia

Site Status

Tropang Andert Hc

Angroka, , Cambodia

Site Status

Batheay Rh

Batheay, , Cambodia

Site Status

Choeung Chnok Hc

Batheay, , Cambodia

Site Status

Tumnub Hc

Batheay, , Cambodia

Site Status

Nhaeng Nhang Hc

Nhaeng Nhang, , Cambodia

Site Status

KUS HC

Phumĭ Kŭs, , Cambodia

Site Status

Phaav HC

Ph’av, , Cambodia

Site Status

Sambour Hc

Sambour, , Cambodia

Site Status

Csi Messngssang

Bafia, , Cameroon

Site Status

HD BAFIA

Bafia, , Cameroon

Site Status

Csi Balamba Bafia

Balamba, , Cameroon

Site Status

Cma Batchenga

Batchenga, , Cameroon

Site Status

Cma Bokito Bafia

Bokito, , Cameroon

Site Status

Csi Essong

Essong, , Cameroon

Site Status

Cma Kiiki Bafia

Kiiki, , Cameroon

Site Status

Cma Fomakap

Obala, , Cameroon

Site Status

Csi Ngogo

Obala, , Cameroon

Site Status

Obala Hosp

Obala, , Cameroon

Site Status

Dr Banteapleu

Banteapleu, , Côte d’Ivoire

Site Status

Csu Dakpadou

Dakpadou, , Côte d’Ivoire

Site Status

Csr Daleu

Daleu, , Côte d’Ivoire

Site Status

H G de Danane

Danané, , Côte d’Ivoire

Site Status

Csu Kouan-Houle

Kouan Houlé, , Côte d’Ivoire

Site Status

Csu Mahapleu

Mahapleu, , Côte d’Ivoire

Site Status

Csr Medon

Médon, , Côte d’Ivoire

Site Status

CMS SAGO

Sago, , Côte d’Ivoire

Site Status

Dr de Sahoua

Sahoua, , Côte d’Ivoire

Site Status

H G Sassandra

Sassandra, , Côte d’Ivoire

Site Status

Chiaquelane

Chiaquelane, , Mozambique

Site Status

Chibonzane

Chibonzane, , Mozambique

Site Status

Chidenguele

Chidenguele, , Mozambique

Site Status

Chalocuane

Chokwé, , Mozambique

Site Status

HOKWE

Chokwé, , Mozambique

Site Status

Hosp Rural Chokwe

Chokwé, , Mozambique

Site Status

MACUACUA

Macuácua, , Mozambique

Site Status

Hospital Rural de Manjacaze

Manjacaze, , Mozambique

Site Status

Laranjeira

Manjacaze, , Mozambique

Site Status

Babara Chc

Babara, , Sierra Leone

Site Status

Bo Govt Hosp

Bo, , Sierra Leone

Site Status

New Police barracks

Bo, , Sierra Leone

Site Status

Gbinti Chc

Gbinti, , Sierra Leone

Site Status

Gerihun Chc

Gerihun, , Sierra Leone

Site Status

Koribondo Chc

Koribondo, , Sierra Leone

Site Status

Mange Chc

Mange, , Sierra Leone

Site Status

Njala University Chc

Njala, , Sierra Leone

Site Status

Petifu Chc

Petifu, , Sierra Leone

Site Status

Port Loko Govt Hosp

Port Loko, , Sierra Leone

Site Status

Buyamba Hc Iii

Buyamba, , Uganda

Site Status

Kambuga Hospital

Kambuga, , Uganda

Site Status

Kanungu Hciv

Kanungu, , Uganda

Site Status

Kanyantorogo Hciii

Kanyantorogo, , Uganda

Site Status

Lwamaggwa Hc Iii

Lwamaggwa, , Uganda

Site Status

Lwanda Hc Iii

Lwanda, , Uganda

Site Status

St Bernards Manya Hc Iii

Manya, , Uganda

Site Status

Matanda Hciii

Matanda, , Uganda

Site Status

Nyamirama HC III

Nyamirama, , Uganda

Site Status

Rakai Hospital

Rakai, , Uganda

Site Status

Countries

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Cambodia Cameroon Côte d’Ivoire Mozambique Sierra Leone Uganda

References

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Joshi B, De Lima YV, Massom DM, Kaing S, Banga MF, Kamara ET, Sesay S, Borand L, Taguebue JV, Moh R, Khosa C, Breton G, Mwanga-Amumpaire J, Bonnet M, Wobudeya E, Marcy O, Orne-Gliemann J; TB-Speed Decentralization study group. Acceptability of decentralizing childhood tuberculosis diagnosis in low-income countries with high tuberculosis incidence: Experiences and perceptions from health care workers in Sub-Saharan Africa and South-East Asia. PLOS Glob Public Health. 2023 Oct 11;3(10):e0001525. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001525. eCollection 2023.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 37819919 (View on PubMed)

d'Elbee M, Harker M, Mafirakureva N, Nanfuka M, Huyen Ton Nu Nguyet M, Taguebue JV, Moh R, Khosa C, Mustapha A, Mwanga-Amumpere J, Borand L, Nolna SK, Komena E, Cumbe S, Mugisha J, Natukunda N, Mao TE, Wittwer J, Benard A, Bernard T, Sohn H, Bonnet M, Wobudeya E, Marcy O, Dodd PJ; TB-Speed Health Economics Study Group. Cost-effectiveness and budget impact of decentralising childhood tuberculosis diagnosis in six high tuberculosis incidence countries: a mathematical modelling study. EClinicalMedicine. 2024 Mar 21;70:102528. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102528. eCollection 2024 Apr.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 38685930 (View on PubMed)

Wobudeya E, Nanfuka M, Ton Nu Nguyet MH, Taguebue JV, Moh R, Breton G, Khosa C, Borand L, Mwanga-Amumpaire J, Mustapha A, Nolna SK, Komena E, Mugisha JR, Natukunda N, Dim B, de Lauzanne A, Cumbe S, Balestre E, Poublan J, Lounnas M, Ngu E, Joshi B, Norval PY, Terquiem EL, Turyahabwe S, Foray L, Sidibe S, Albert KK, Manhica I, Sekadde M, Detjen A, Verkuijl S, Mao TE, Orne-Gliemann J, Bonnet M, Marcy O; TB-Speed Decentralisation study group. Effect of decentralising childhood tuberculosis diagnosis to primary health centre versus district hospital levels on disease detection in children from six high tuberculosis incidence countries: an operational research, pre-post intervention study. EClinicalMedicine. 2024 Mar 21;70:102527. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102527. eCollection 2024 Apr.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 38685921 (View on PubMed)

Related Links

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http://www.tb-speed.com

TB-Speed project official website

Other Identifiers

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C18-25

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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