24/7 Closed-loop in Older Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes

NCT ID: NCT04025762

Last Updated: 2024-12-06

Study Results

Results available

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

38 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-09-01

Study Completion Date

2021-08-20

Brief Summary

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The main objective of this open-label, multi-centre, randomised, crossover design study is to determine whether automated day and night closed-loop insulin delivery for 16 weeks under free living conditions is safer and more efficacious compared to sensor augmented insulin pump therapy in older adults with type 1 diabetes. The primary outcome is time spent in target range between 3.9 and 10.0 mmol/L (70 and 180 mg/dl) as recorded by CGM. Secondary outcomes are the HbA1c, time spent with glucose levels above and below target, as recorded by CGM, and other CGM-based metrics. Measures of human factor assessments, cardiac arrhythmias and objective sleep quality assessment will also be evaluated in this study.

Detailed Description

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No study thus far has specifically evaluated use of closed-loop insulin delivery in older adults with type 1 diabetes. During our previous closed-loop studies, if there is a communication failure between the algorithm device and the insulin pump, the pump is set to deliver pre-programmed basal insulin rates after about 30 to 60 minutes.The main objective of this study is to determine whether automated day and night closed-loop insulin delivery for 16 weeks under free living conditions is safer and more efficacious compared to sensor augmented insulin pump therapy in older adults with type 1 diabetes.

This is an open-label, multi-centre, randomised, crossover design study, involving a 4-6 week run-in period, followed by two 4 months study periods during which glucose levels will be controlled either by an automated closed-loop system or by sensor-augmented pump therapy in random order. A total of up to 42 adults (aiming for 36 completed subjects) aged 60 years and older with T1D on insulin pump therapy will be recruited through diabetes clinics and other established methods in participating centres. Subjects who drop out of the study within the first 6 weeks of the first intervention period will be replaced.

Subjects will receive appropriate training in the safe use of closed-loop insulin delivery system. Subjects will have regular contact with the study team during the home study phase including 24/7 telephone support.

The primary outcome is time spent in target range between 3.9 and 10.0 mmol/L (70 and 180mg/dl) as recorded by CGM. Secondary outcomes are the HbA1c, time spent with glucose levels above and below target, as recorded by CGM, and other CGM-based metrics. Measures of human factor assessments, cardiac arrhythmia and objective sleep quality assessment will also be evaluated in this study.

Conditions

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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Hypoglycemia Arrythmia

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

An open-label, multi-centre randomised, two-period crossover study comparing day and night automated closed-loop glucose control with sensor-augmented pump therapy.
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Day and night hybrid closed loop control

The day and night hybrid closed-loop system (CamAPS FX) will consist of:

* Dana RS insulin pump (Sooil)
* G6 real-time CGM sensor (Dexcom)
* An unlocked android smartphone hosting the CamAPS FX app with Cambridge control algorithm

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Hybrid closed-loop system (CamAPS FX)

Intervention Type DEVICE

Hybrid closed-loop system

Sensor augmented pump therapy

The comparator will consist of Dana RS insulin pump (Sooil) and G6 real-time CGM sensor (Dexcom)

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Sensor augmented pump therapy

Intervention Type DEVICE

Sensor augmented pump therapy

Interventions

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Hybrid closed-loop system (CamAPS FX)

Hybrid closed-loop system

Intervention Type DEVICE

Sensor augmented pump therapy

Sensor augmented pump therapy

Intervention Type DEVICE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Age 60 years and above
2. Type 1 diabetes as defined by WHO for at least 1 year or confirmed C-peptide negative
3. On insulin pump for at least 3 months with good knowledge of insulin self-adjustment
4. Treated with one of the U-100 rapid acting insulin analogues only (insulin Aspart, Lispro, Faster insulin Aspart but not Glulisine)
5. Willing to perform regular capillary blood glucose monitoring
6. HbA1c ≤ 10% (86 mmol/mmol) based on analysis from central laboratory or equivalent
7. Literate in English
8. Having a care partner who is aware of the subject's location and is trained to administer intramuscular glucagon and able to seek emergency assistance
9. Willing to wear closed-loop system at home and at work place
10. Willing to follow study specific instructions
11. Willing to upload pump and CGM data at regular intervals
12. Has access to WiFi

Exclusion Criteria

1. Non-type 1 diabetes mellitus
2. Use of a closed-loop system within the last 30 days
3. Any other physical or psychological disease or condition likely to interfere with the normal conduct of the study and interpretation of the study results
4. Use of any glucose-lowering agent (such as Pramlintide, Metformin, GLP-1 analogs) in the 3 months prior to enrolment or any use of SGLT2 inhibitors
5. Untreated coeliac disease, adrenal insufficiency or hypothyroidism
6. Known or suspected allergy against insulin
7. More than one episodes of severe hypoglycaemia as defined by American Diabetes Association in preceding 6 months
8. Random C-peptide \> 200pmol/l with concomitant plasma glucose \>4 mmol/l (72 mg/dl)
9. Lack of reliable telephone facility for contact
10. Total daily insulin dose \>/= 2 IU/kg/day
11. Total daily insulin dose \< 15 IU/day
12. Severe visual impairment
13. Severe hearing impairment
14. Medically documented allergy towards the adhesive (glue) of plasters or unable to tolerate tape adhesive in the area of sensor placement
15. Serious skin diseases (e.g. psoriasis vulgaris, bacterial skin diseases) located at places of the body, which could potentially be used for localisation of the glucose sensor)
16. Subject is currently abusing illicit drugs
17. Subject is currently abusing prescription drugs
18. Subject is currently abusing alcohol
19. Subject has elective surgery planned that requires general anaesthesia during the course of the study
20. Subject is a shift worker with working hours between 10pm and 8am
21. Subject has a sickle cell disease, haemoglobinopathy; or has received red blood cell transfusion or erythropoietin within 3 months prior to time of screening
22. Subject plans to receive red blood cell transfusion or erythropoietin over the course of study participation
23. Subject diagnosed with current eating disorder such as anorexia or bulimia
24. Subject plans to use significant quantity of herbal preparations (use of over the counter herbal preparation for 30 consecutive days or longer period during the study) or significant quantity of vitamin supplements (four times the recommended daily allowance used for 30 consecutive days or longer period during the study) known to affect glucose metabolism and/or blood glucose levels during the course of their participation in the study
25. Subject not proficient in English (UK), or German (Austria)


1. Positive results on urine drug screen (amphetamines/metamphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates).
2. Positive alcohol breath test.
3. Positive reaction to any of the following tests: hepatitis B surface (HBs) antigen, anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) antibodies, anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 antibodies, anti-HIV2 antibodies.
Minimum Eligible Age

60 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role collaborator

University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Medical University of Graz

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Cambridge

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Dr Roman Hovorka

Chief Investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Roman Hovorka, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Cambridge

Locations

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Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

Cambridge, , United Kingdom

Site Status

Manchester Royal Infirmary

Manchester, , United Kingdom

Site Status

Countries

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United Kingdom

References

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Schneider-Utaka AK, Hanes S, Boughton CK, Hartnell S, Thabit H, Mubita WM, Draxlbauer K, Poettler T, Hayes J, Wilinska ME, Mader JK, Narendran P, Leelarathna L, Evans ML, Hovorka R, Hood KK. Patient-reported outcomes for older adults on CamAPS FX closed loop system. Diabet Med. 2023 Sep;40(9):e15126. doi: 10.1111/dme.15126. Epub 2023 May 23.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 37171467 (View on PubMed)

Boughton CK, Hartnell S, Thabit H, Mubita WM, Draxlbauer K, Poettler T, Wilinska ME, Hood KK, Mader JK, Narendran P, Leelarathna L, Evans ML, Hovorka R. Hybrid closed-loop glucose control compared with sensor augmented pump therapy in older adults with type 1 diabetes: an open-label multicentre, multinational, randomised, crossover study. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2022 Mar;3(3):e135-e142. doi: 10.1016/S2666-7568(22)00005-8. Epub 2022 Mar 7.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 35359882 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol

View Document

Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Other Identifiers

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DAN06

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id