PREvention of STroke in Intracerebral haemorrhaGE Survivors With Atrial Fibrillation

NCT ID: NCT03996772

Last Updated: 2025-01-13

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

319 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-06-03

Study Completion Date

2024-05-31

Brief Summary

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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of irregular heart rhythm. In people with AF, blood clots often form in the heart, which can travel to the brain. Blockage of brain arteries by these clots is a major cause of stroke. This type of stroke is called an ischaemic stroke and approximately 15% of all ischaemic strokes are caused by AF.

People with AF are often prescribed a medication called an anticoagulant, which makes it less likely for blood clots to form and thus can prevent ischaemic strokes. However, anticoagulants also increase the risk of bleeding, so they are not suitable for everyone.

Some people who have AF have had a different type of stroke which is caused by bleeding in the brain, an intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). These people are at increased risk of suffering both an ischaemic stroke (due to AF) and another ICH. It is not known whether it is best for these people to take an anticoagulant medication or not, as previous research studies did not include this group of people.

PREvention of STroke in Intracerebral haemorrhaGE survivors with Atrial Fibrillation (PRESTIGE-AF) is a research study on the best stroke prevention in people with atrial fibrillation (AF) who have recently had a bleeding in their brain, (ICH). This is a trial where half of the participants will take an anticoagulant medication, preventing blood clot formation, and half will not receive an anticoagulant. The direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) that will be used in this trial are all licenced for use in the United Kingdom and within the European Union (EU) to prevent strokes in people with AF. However, the current licence does not extend to use with people who have had an ICH because it has not been tested in this group with a randomised controlled trial. DOACs will be tested in ICH survivors with AF because previous research trials have shown that people are up to 50% less likely to have bleeding complications in the brain with DOACs than with Warfarin (another commonly used anticoagulant).

The aim of PRESTIGE-AF is to answer the question of whether people with ICH and AF should take an anticoagulant medication or if it is better for them to avoid it.

Detailed Description

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Stroke is one of the largest public health challenges worldwide. Its societal impact is expected to further increase in the coming decades due to the aging of population. Importantly, stroke is a heterogeneous disease comprising various subtypes with distinct mechanisms. The variability of individual risks demands that more specifically targeted and better personalised approaches are developed to tailor stroke prevention for particular stroke types and individual patients.

Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is a particularly severe type of stroke affecting 10-15% of all stroke patients. Importantly, ICH carries even higher mortality and more severe disability than other stroke types. While mechanisms of ICH and ischaemic stroke are distinct, many risk factors are shared and patients are often at increased risk of both ischaemic stroke and ICH.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is also a growing epidemic in aging populations and a major cause of ischaemic stroke due to thrombus formation in the heart migrating to and occluding intracerebral arteries. At least 20% of ICH survivors also suffer from AF and are, thus, at particularly high risk of ischaemic stroke. While ischaemic stroke in AF patients in general can be much more effectively prevented with oral anticoagulation than with antiplatelet agents (APA) concerns about ICH recurrence in ICH survivors are a major barrier for anticoagulation. The best approach to stroke prevention in ICH patients with AF is presently unknown. Current clinical guidelines, which are largely based on retrospective observational studies investigating anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKA), either recommend considering anticoagulation only in patients with non-lobar location of ICH or, in the absence of evidence from randomised controlled trials, refrain from making any recommendations at all. Anticoagulation with direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) has proven efficacy and safety for stroke prevention in AF. DOACs may be a better alternative to VKA particularly in ICH patients because DOACs were associated with a 50% lower risk of ICH than VKA in previous clinical trials of stroke prevention in AF. However, patients with previous ICH were excluded from these trials.

Although thousands of ICH survivors with AF every year worldwide need effective prevention of another stroke, the best antithrombotic therapy for these patients is currently unknown. PRESTIGE-AF will be the first sufficiently powered randomised controlled trial aiming to resolve the dilemma of stroke prevention in this challenging high-risk patient population. Specifically, it will answer the question whether DOAC with their well-documented lower risk of intracranial haemorrhagic complications, compared to VKA, provide both a more effective and an equally safe option for stroke prevention in patients with ICH and AF compared to no anticoagulant. Findings of the Study are expected to change management guidelines and future prevention research for ICH survivors with AF.

PREvention of STroke in Intracerebral haemorrhaGE survivors (PRESTIGE-AF) will test whether preventive therapy with DOACs (intervention group) reduce the rate of ischaemic stroke (superiority) compared to no anticoagulation (control group) without unacceptably increasing the risk of recurrent ICH (non-inferiority) in patients with AF and a previous ICH within 6 months before enrolment.

The Research Question is:

Does preventive therapy with Direct Oral Anticoagulants (intervention group) reduce the rate of ischaemic stroke (superiority) compared to no anticoagulation (control group) without unacceptably increasing the risk of recurrent Intracerebral haemorrhage (non-inferiority) in patients with atrial fibrillation and a previous intracerebral haemorrhage within 6 months before enrolment.

The Objectives of the study are:

The main objective is to perform a randomised controlled trial to resolve the long-standing management dilemma of antithrombotic stroke prevention in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) survivors with comorbid atrial fibrillation (AF). Specifically, it will address the question whether direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs, intervention) provide a more effective option for prevention of ischaemic stroke and an equally safe option in terms of recurrence of ICH for antithrombotic stroke prevention in survivors of recent ICH compared to no anticoagulation (i.e. no antithrombotic therapy or antiplatelet therapy at Principal Investigator´s discretion).

The secondary Study objectives are:

* To examine the effect of anticoagulation with DOAC versus no anticoagulation on major cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in ICH patient with AF
* To compare the effect of DOACs versus no anticoagulation on major systemic and intracranial bleeding in this Study population
* To examine the effect of DOACs versus no anticoagulation on net clinical benefit in ICH patients with AF

The exploratory objectives are:

• To explore the impact of DOAC vs. no anticoagulation on quality of life, cognition and psychological morbidity in patients with ICH and AF over time Study Design: PRESTIGE-AF is a phase 3b investigator-led, multicentre, parallel group, prospective randomised, open, blinded end-point assessment (PROBE) clinical trial comparing DOACs (interventional arm) against no anticoagulation (control arm) in patients with a recent ICH and comorbid AF.

Randomisation will occur in a 1:1 ratio. Participants will be stratified according to two factors: lobar and non-lobar location of ICH and sex. Choice and dose of DOAC treatment as well as the use of concomitant medication during the study treatment will be at the Principal Investigator´s discretion within the spectrum of licensed doses labelled for stroke prevention in AF patients in Europe following the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC). The control group will receive no anticoagulant but the use of an antiplatelet agent is at the Principal Investigator´s discretion who will use their clinical judgment to initiate (or not) an antiplatelet drug of their choice.

Baseline assessment will include capturing Participant's demographics, clinical characteristics, vital signs, medical history, and concomitant diseases as well as documentation of AF (previous history or newly detected). Results of routine diagnostic tests before Study enrolment will be also collected using an electronic case report form. The routine brain imaging data performed after the ICH and before Study enrolment will also be collected at baseline.

After randomisation, Participants will be followed-up in person at various time points (1, 6, 12, 24, 36 months) for up to 3 years. At each visit, outcome events and adverse events will be captured.

Conditions

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Atrial Fibrillation Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

PREvention of STroke in Intracerebral haemorrhaGE survivors with Atrial Fibrillation is a phase 3b investigator-led, multicentre, parallel group, prospective randomised, open, blinded end-point assessment (PROBE) clinical trial comparing direct oral anticoagulants against no anticoagulation in patients with a recent intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and comorbid atrial fibrillation (AF).

Randomisation will occur in a 1:1 ratio. Participants will be stratified according to two factors: lobar and non-lobar location of ICH and gender. Choice and dose of direct oral anticoagulant treatment and use of concomitant medication during the study treatment will be at the Principal Investigator´s discretion within the licensed doses for stroke prevention in AF patients in Europe. The control group will receive no anticoagulant but the use of an antiplatelet is at the Principal Investigator´s discretion who will use their clinical judgment to initiate an antiplatelet drug of their choice.
Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors
An Event Adjudication Committee (EAC) will be established. The EAC will consist of experts in relevant fields of the Study such as neurology, cardiology, and haematology. An event adjudication charter with clear definitions of pre-specified outcome events will be developed by the steering committee and agreed by the EAC. After formal training, the EAC will be provided with pseudonymised data for adjudication of pre-specified outcome events and serious adverse events using an online platform provided by the data management centre, Clinical Trials Center Wuerzburg at the University of Wuerzburg.

Study Groups

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Direct Oral Anticoagulant

If the patient is randomized in this arm, a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) included:

* Direct thrombin inhibitor: Dabigatran
* Factor Xa inhibitors: Apixaban or Rivaroxaban or Edoxaban will be prescribed to the patient. Choice and dose of DOAC treatment as well as the use of concomitant medication during the study treatment will be at the Principal Investigator´s discretion within the spectrum of licensed doses labelled for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation patients in Europe following the Summary of Product Characteristics.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Apixaban Oral Tablet

Intervention Type DRUG

Factor Xa Inhibitor

Dabigatran

Intervention Type DRUG

Direct Thrombin Inhibitor

Edoxaban Tablets

Intervention Type DRUG

Factor Xa Inhibitor

Rivaroxaban

Intervention Type DRUG

Factor Xa Inhibitor

No Anticoagulant

If the patient is randomized in this arm investigators will use their best judgment to decide upon the prescription of an antiplatelet drug of their choice or no such therapy

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Apixaban Oral Tablet

Factor Xa Inhibitor

Intervention Type DRUG

Dabigatran

Direct Thrombin Inhibitor

Intervention Type DRUG

Edoxaban Tablets

Factor Xa Inhibitor

Intervention Type DRUG

Rivaroxaban

Factor Xa Inhibitor

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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Eliquis Pradaxa Lixiana Savaysa Xarelto

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Age ≥ 18 years
* Written informed consent obtained from the patient, or for patients who lack the capacity to consent this can be provided by an appropriate representative as defined in protocol
* Non-traumatic spontaneous ICH during the 12 months before enrolment. Patients become eligible 14 days after the date of their ICH.
* Documented evidence of AF (paroxysmal, persistent or permanent)

Exclusion Criteria

* Fully dependent (mRS \>4)
* Women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or plan to become pregnant during the Study period
* Women of childbearing potential (WOCBP see section 12.2 for definition) who are unable or unwilling to take measures for effective contraception (4.9)
* Enrolment occurring before 14 days after the date of ICH
* Enrolment occurring longer than 12 months after the date of ICH
* ICH resulting from trauma or vascular malformation
* Another indication for long-term anticoagulation
* Patient has hypertension, which in the opinion of the investigator, is uncontrollable with medication Any contraindication (except intracerebral haemorrhage) to treatment with apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, rivaroxaban as per SmPC. Including any of the following:

* Hypersensitivity to the active principle or any of the excipients
* Clinically relevant bleeding in progress
* Liver disease associated with coagulopathy and a clinically relevant bleeding risk
* Injuries or conditions such as a significant risk of major bleeding
* Hepatic impairment or liver disease which can have an impact on survival
* Exclusion of patients with end-stage renal creatinine clearance CrCL, (CrCL \<15 ml / min) or in patients undergoing dialysis
* Concomitant treatment with other anticoagulants
* Patients with a history of thrombosis and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome Special warnings and precautions for use for apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, rivaroxaban as per SmPC should also be taken into account at randomisation.
* Absolute need for antiplatelet agent (APA) at enrolment, meaning that a patient randomised to receive DOAC who would require an APA is not eligible (single APA is permitted in control group only, at time of randomisation). Presence of a left atrial appendage occlusion device (LAAO) or plan to implant an LAAO
* Presence of any medical, psychological, or psychiatric condition which in the opinion of the Principal or Co-Investigator would cause participation in the Study to be unwise
* Participation in any clinical study with an Investigational Medicinal Product within the past 30 days or 5 half-lives of the study drug (observational studies are permitted)
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Wuerzburg University Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Julius-Maximilians University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Medical University of Graz

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Liverpool

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

King's College London

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron Research Institute

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Bordeaux

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Aalborg University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

STROKE ALLIANCE FOR EUROPE

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

University Hospital Heidelberg

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Alfried Krupp Krankenhaus

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University Hospital, Bordeaux

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Imperial College London

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Roland E Veltkamp, FESO

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Imperial College London

Locations

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Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder Eisenstadt

Eisenstadt, , Austria

Site Status

Medizinische Universität Graz

Graz, , Austria

Site Status

Klinikum Klagenfurt am Wörthersee

Klagenfurt, , Austria

Site Status

Universitätsklinikum St. Pölten

Sankt Pölten, , Austria

Site Status

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux

Bordeaux, , France

Site Status

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie

Caen, , France

Site Status

Universitätsklinikum Aachen

Aachen, , Germany

Site Status

Klinikum Altenburger Land

Altenburg, , Germany

Site Status

Universitätsklinikum Augsburg

Augsburg, , Germany

Site Status

Rhön-Klinikum Campus Bad Neustadt

Bad Neustadt an der Saale, , Germany

Site Status

Vivantes Hospital Neukolin

Berlin, , Germany

Site Status

Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum

Bochum, , Germany

Site Status

Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bottrop

Bottrop, , Germany

Site Status

University Hospital Cologne

Cologne, , Germany

Site Status

Klinikum Dortmund

Dortmund, , Germany

Site Status

Technische Universität Dresden

Dresden, , Germany

Site Status

Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf

Düsseldorf, , Germany

Site Status

University Hospital Erlangen

Erlangen, , Germany

Site Status

Alfried Krupp Von Bohlen und Halbach-Krankenhaus

Essen, , Germany

Site Status

University Hospital Frankfurt

Frankfurt, , Germany

Site Status

Universitiaetsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (UKGM) - Standort Giessen

Geißen, , Germany

Site Status

Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg

Günzburg, , Germany

Site Status

Medizinische Hochschule Hannover

Hanover, , Germany

Site Status

University Hospital Heidelberg

Heidelberg, , Germany

Site Status

University of Leipzig

Leipzig, , Germany

Site Status

University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck

Lübeck, , Germany

Site Status

Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden

Minden, , Germany

Site Status

Klinikum der Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart

Stuttgart, , Germany

Site Status

Universitätsklinikum Tübingen

Tübingen, , Germany

Site Status

Universitätsklinikum Ulm

Ulm, , Germany

Site Status

Universitätsklinikum Wuerzburg

Würzburg, , Germany

Site Status

Azienda USL Umbria 1 - Ospedale di Branca-Gubbio

Branca, , Italy

Site Status

Ospedale Bufalini di Cesena

Cesena, , Italy

Site Status

Azienda USL Umbria 1 - Ospedale di Città di Castello

Città di Castello, , Italy

Site Status

Azienda USL Umbria 2

Foligno, , Italy

Site Status

IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino

Genova, , Italy

Site Status

Istituto Clinico Humanitas

Milan, , Italy

Site Status

Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale (A.O.R.N) A. Cardarelli di Napoli

Napoli, , Italy

Site Status

Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia

Perugia, , Italy

Site Status

Azienda USL IRCCS di Reggio Emilia

Reggio Emilia, , Italy

Site Status

Azienda Ospedaliera S Camillo Forlanini

Rome, , Italy

Site Status

Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese

Siena, , Italy

Site Status

Hospital Universitario Torrecárdenas

Almería, , Spain

Site Status

Fundacío Institut d'Investigacío Biomèdica de Bellvitge

Barcelona, , Spain

Site Status

Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol

Barcelona, , Spain

Site Status

Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron

Barcelona, , Spain

Site Status

Hospital Dr Josep Trueta

Girona, , Spain

Site Status

Hospital Universitario de la Princesa

Madrid, , Spain

Site Status

Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago

Santiago, , Spain

Site Status

Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio

Seville, , Spain

Site Status

Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena

Seville, , Spain

Site Status

Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid

Valladolid, , Spain

Site Status

East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

Ashford, , United Kingdom

Site Status

Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

Ashington, , United Kingdom

Site Status

Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Trust

Basildon, , United Kingdom

Site Status

Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

Cambridge, , United Kingdom

Site Status

Countess of Chester Hospital

Chester, , United Kingdom

Site Status

Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust

Hull, , United Kingdom

Site Status

Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

London, , United Kingdom

Site Status

Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

London, , United Kingdom

Site Status

St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospital NHS Trust

Prescot, , United Kingdom

Site Status

Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

Taunton, , United Kingdom

Site Status

Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

Wakefield, , United Kingdom

Site Status

West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

Watford, , United Kingdom

Site Status

Countries

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Austria France Germany Italy Spain United Kingdom

References

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Veltkamp R, Korompoki E, Harvey KH, Harvey ER, Fiessler C, Malzahn U, Rucker V, Montaner J, Caso V, Sibon I, Ringleb P, Halse O, Hugen K, Ullmann S, Schuhmann C, Todd GP, Haas K, Pala E, Debette S, Lachaize M, D'Aoust T, Enzinger C, Ropele S, Fandler-Hofler S, Haidegger M, Wang Y, Wafa HA, Cancelloni V, Mosconi MG, Lip GYH, Lane DA, Haefeli WE, Foerster KI, Wurmbach VS, Nielsen PB, Hajjar K, Muller P, Poli S, Purrucker J, Laible M, D'Anna L, Silva Y, de Torres Chacon R, Martinez-Sanchez P, Boulanger M, Norrving B, Pare G, Wachter R, Ntaios G, Wolfe CDA, Heuschmann PU; PRESTIGE-AF Consortium. Direct oral anticoagulants versus no anticoagulation for the prevention of stroke in survivors of intracerebral haemorrhage with atrial fibrillation (PRESTIGE-AF): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2025 Mar 15;405(10482):927-936. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(25)00333-2. Epub 2025 Feb 26.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 40023176 (View on PubMed)

Cochrane A, Chen C, Stephen J, Ronning OM, Anderson CS, Hankey GJ, Al-Shahi Salman R. Antithrombotic treatment after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jan 26;1(1):CD012144. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012144.pub3.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 36700520 (View on PubMed)

Li L, Poon MTC, Samarasekera NE, Perry LA, Moullaali TJ, Rodrigues MA, Loan JJM, Stephen J, Lerpiniere C, Tuna MA, Gutnikov SA, Kuker W, Silver LE, Al-Shahi Salman R, Rothwell PM. Risks of recurrent stroke and all serious vascular events after spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage: pooled analyses of two population-based studies. Lancet Neurol. 2021 Jun;20(6):437-447. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00075-2.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 34022170 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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2018-002176-41

Identifier Type: EUDRACT_NUMBER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

754517

Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT

Identifier Source: secondary_id

236886

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

17HH4268

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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