Lipa Gene Mutation in PED-LIPIGEN (Pediatric FH Subjects)

NCT ID: NCT03984149

Last Updated: 2022-07-29

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Total Enrollment

1000 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2017-09-01

Study Completion Date

2023-07-01

Brief Summary

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Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a monogenic autosomal dominant disease also known as Autosomal Dominant Hypercholesterolemia - ADH) that leads to dramatically increased levels of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol associated to tendon xanthomas, xanthelasma, corneal arcus, premature atherosclerosis and to an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction.

FH is mainly caused by mutations in genes encoding for proteins affecting hepatic LDL cholesterol uptake including the LDL receptor (LDLR) gene or the gene encoding the only apolipoprotein of LDL, the apolipoprotein B (APOB), or the gene encoding a protease regulating LDLR levels on the cell membrane Lysosomal Acid Lipase A (LIPA) gene encode for Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) enzyme responsible for hydrolyzing cholesterol esters and triglycerides that are delivered to lysosomes. Mutations in LIPA that completely inactivate LAL are the molecular cause of Wolman disease, a rapidly lethal disease of infancy while mutations in LIPA that result in residual enzymatic activity of LAL are responsible of a disorder characterized by a less severe phenotype known as cholesterol ester storage disease (CESD). Patients with CESD usually show a phenotype characterized by hepatic disease and mixed hyperlipidemia with elevated levels of LDL-C and triglycerides (TG) and decreased HDL-C levels.

A broader phenotypic presentation for loss of function mutations in LIPA suggests that LIPA mutations may be considered in patients with apparently monogenic FH in whom mutations in the known candidate genes are not detectable.

The project is aimed to evaluate the prevalence and the mutation rate of LIPA gene in subjects with a clinical diagnosis of FH and already genetically characterized in whom pathogenic mutations in the known candidate genes have not been identified. The analysis will be performed in about 250 FH pediatric subjects and putative causal mutations will be also tested for co-segregation in available families in affected and unaffected members.

Detailed Description

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Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) is encoded by LIPA gene located on chromosome 10q23.3-q23 and consists of 10 exons. LIPA mRNA (messenger RiboNucleic Acid) (GenBank accession number NM\_000235) is 2782 bp long and encodes a mature protein of 375 residues (GenBank accession number NP\_000226). The sequencing of all 10 exons of LIPA gene will consist of 10 PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) amplification reactions (for the 10 exons and the proximal promoter) followed by 20 sequence reactions (forward and reverse sequencing) with appropriate primers designed to include the intron-exon boundaries. This analysis will be performed in about 250 FH pediatric subjects as specified in project description.

The sequencing work will be performed taking advantage of 2 automated 8 capillaries automated DNA Sequencer (3500 Genetic Analyzer, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Monza, Italy) currently available in the laboratory of the Units involved in the project.

In case of identification of unreported sequence variants, the presence of these mutations will be assessed in a sample of at least 100 normolipidemic subjects of the population, in order to define whether the nucleotide changes are rare sequence variations (with a putative functional effect) or represent common polymorphisms. In case of finding of rare variants in the coding regions, an in silico analysis will be performed by using two different softwares (Polyphen, http://genetics.bwh.harvard.edu/pph/ and Panther, http://www.pantherdb.org/) to predict the putative damaging role of the mutations on the protein. In case of intronic variants, the specifically designed software Automated Splice Site Analysis will be applied (https://www.splice.uwo.ca/).

Putative causal mutations will be also tested for co-segregation in available families in affected and unaffected members.

In order to test the effect of variants on enzyme activity LAL-activity will be assayed with dried blood spot (DBS) technique using the inhibitors Lalistat 2 in carriers and non carriers of these mutations belonging to available kindred.

Conditions

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Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

OTHER

Study Time Perspective

RETROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

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FH pediatric patients

1000 clinically diagnosed FH pediatric patients (age \<18 years) included in the LIPIGEN (Lipid TransPort Disorders italian Genetic Network) database

Observational study

Intervention Type OTHER

Observational study: There is no intervention.

Interventions

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Observational study

Observational study: There is no intervention.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Pediatric subjects (\<18 years old) with a clinical diagnosis of FH and without identified pathogenic mutations in the known candidate genes.

Exclusion Criteria

* Subjects with a clinical diagnosis of FH with identified pathogenic mutations in the known candidate genes.
Maximum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Fondazione SISA (Societa Italiana per lo Studio della Arteriosclerosi)

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Maurizio Averna

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Fondazione SISA

Locations

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CENTRO PER LO STUDIO DELL'ATEROSCLEROSI - Ospedale Bassini

Cinisello Balsamo, Mi, Italy

Site Status RECRUITING

Laboratorio di biochimica delle lipoproteine - DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE BIOMEDICHE

Modena, , Italy

Site Status RECRUITING

Centro Di Riferimento Regionale Per La Prevenzione, Diagnosi E Cura Delle Malattie Rare Del Metabolismo

Palermo, , Italy

Site Status RECRUITING

Centro Per L'Arteriosclerosi Dipartimento Di Medicina Interna E Specialità Mediche

Roma, , Italy

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Italy

Central Contacts

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Alberico L Catapano

Role: CONTACT

Alessia Tincani

Role: CONTACT

+39026173276

Facility Contacts

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Alberico L Catapano

Role: primary

Patrizia M. Tarugi

Role: primary

Maurizio Averna

Role: primary

Marcello Arca

Role: primary

References

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ABRAMOV A, SCHORR S, WOLMAN M. Generalized xanthomatosis with calcified adrenals. AMA J Dis Child. 1956 Mar;91(3):282-6. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1956.02060020284010. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 13301142 (View on PubMed)

Bernstein DL, Hulkova H, Bialer MG, Desnick RJ. Cholesteryl ester storage disease: review of the findings in 135 reported patients with an underdiagnosed disease. J Hepatol. 2013 Jun;58(6):1230-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.02.014. Epub 2013 Feb 26.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23485521 (View on PubMed)

Bertolini S, Pisciotta L, Rabacchi C, Cefalu AB, Noto D, Fasano T, Signori A, Fresa R, Averna M, Calandra S. Spectrum of mutations and phenotypic expression in patients with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia identified in Italy. Atherosclerosis. 2013 Apr;227(2):342-8. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.01.007. Epub 2013 Jan 19.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23375686 (View on PubMed)

Burke JA, Schubert WK. Deficient activity of hepatic acid lipase in cholesterol ester storage disease. Science. 1972 Apr 21;176(4032):309-10. doi: 10.1126/science.176.4032.309.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 5019788 (View on PubMed)

Futema M, Plagnol V, Li K, Whittall RA, Neil HA, Seed M; Simon Broome Consortium; Bertolini S, Calandra S, Descamps OS, Graham CA, Hegele RA, Karpe F, Durst R, Leitersdorf E, Lench N, Nair DR, Soran H, Van Bockxmeer FM; UK10K Consortium; Humphries SE. Whole exome sequencing of familial hypercholesterolaemia patients negative for LDLR/APOB/PCSK9 mutations. J Med Genet. 2014 Aug;51(8):537-44. doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102405. Epub 2014 Jul 1.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24987033 (View on PubMed)

Hamilton J, Jones I, Srivastava R, Galloway P. A new method for the measurement of lysosomal acid lipase in dried blood spots using the inhibitor Lalistat 2. Clin Chim Acta. 2012 Aug 16;413(15-16):1207-10. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.03.019. Epub 2012 Mar 29.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22483793 (View on PubMed)

Hopkins PN, Toth PP, Ballantyne CM, Rader DJ; National Lipid Association Expert Panel on Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Familial hypercholesterolemias: prevalence, genetics, diagnosis and screening recommendations from the National Lipid Association Expert Panel on Familial Hypercholesterolemia. J Clin Lipidol. 2011 Jun;5(3 Suppl):S9-17. doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2011.03.452. Epub 2011 Apr 3. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21600530 (View on PubMed)

Nordestgaard BG, Chapman MJ, Humphries SE, Ginsberg HN, Masana L, Descamps OS, Wiklund O, Hegele RA, Raal FJ, Defesche JC, Wiegman A, Santos RD, Watts GF, Parhofer KG, Hovingh GK, Kovanen PT, Boileau C, Averna M, Boren J, Bruckert E, Catapano AL, Kuivenhoven JA, Pajukanta P, Ray K, Stalenhoef AF, Stroes E, Taskinen MR, Tybjaerg-Hansen A; European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Familial hypercholesterolaemia is underdiagnosed and undertreated in the general population: guidance for clinicians to prevent coronary heart disease: consensus statement of the European Atherosclerosis Society. Eur Heart J. 2013 Dec;34(45):3478-90a. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht273. Epub 2013 Aug 15.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23956253 (View on PubMed)

Patrick AD, Lake BD. Deficiency of an acid lipase in Wolman's disease. Nature. 1969 Jun 14;222(5198):1067-8. doi: 10.1038/2221067a0. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 5787090 (View on PubMed)

Risk of fatal coronary heart disease in familial hypercholesterolaemia. Scientific Steering Committee on behalf of the Simon Broome Register Group. BMJ. 1991 Oct 12;303(6807):893-6. doi: 10.1136/bmj.303.6807.893.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 1933004 (View on PubMed)

Stitziel NO, Fouchier SW, Sjouke B, Peloso GM, Moscoso AM, Auer PL, Goel A, Gigante B, Barnes TA, Melander O, Orho-Melander M, Duga S, Sivapalaratnam S, Nikpay M, Martinelli N, Girelli D, Jackson RD, Kooperberg C, Lange LA, Ardissino D, McPherson R, Farrall M, Watkins H, Reilly MP, Rader DJ, de Faire U, Schunkert H, Erdmann J, Samani NJ, Charnas L, Altshuler D, Gabriel S, Kastelein JJ, Defesche JC, Nederveen AJ, Kathiresan S, Hovingh GK; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute GO Exome Sequencing Project. Exome sequencing and directed clinical phenotyping diagnose cholesterol ester storage disease presenting as autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2013 Dec;33(12):2909-14. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.302426. Epub 2013 Sep 26.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24072694 (View on PubMed)

Talmud PJ, Futema M, Humphries SE. The genetic architecture of the familial hyperlipidaemia syndromes: rare mutations and common variants in multiple genes. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2014 Aug;25(4):274-81. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000090.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24977977 (View on PubMed)

Williams RR, Hunt SC, Schumacher MC, Hegele RA, Leppert MF, Ludwig EH, Hopkins PN. Diagnosing heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia using new practical criteria validated by molecular genetics. Am J Cardiol. 1993 Jul 15;72(2):171-6. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(93)90155-6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8328379 (View on PubMed)

Related Links

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https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/66346

Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) : report of a second World Health Organization (WHO) consultation, Geneva, 4 September 1998

Other Identifiers

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LIPIGEN-002

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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